T. Casper, H. Gersem, R. Gillon, T. Gotthans, T. Kratochvil, P. Meuris, S. Schöps
{"title":"Electrothermal simulation of bonding wire degradation under uncertain geometries","authors":"T. Casper, H. Gersem, R. Gillon, T. Gotthans, T. Kratochvil, P. Meuris, S. Schöps","doi":"10.3850/9783981537079_0776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3850/9783981537079_0776","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, electrothermal field phenomena in electronic components are considered. This coupling is tackled by multiphysical field simulations using the Finite Integration Technique (FIT). In particular, the design of bonding wires with respect to thermal degradation is investigated. Instead of resolving the wires by the computational grid, lumped element representations are introduced as point-to-point connections in the spatially distributed model. Fabrication tolerances lead to uncertainties of the wires' parameters and influence the operation and reliability of the final product. Based on geometric measurements, the resulting variability of the wire temperatures is determined using the stochastic electrothermal field-circuit model.","PeriodicalId":311352,"journal":{"name":"2016 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115265244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mantissa-masking for energy-efficient floating-point LTE uplink MIMO baseband processing","authors":"D. Günther, T. Henriksson, R. Leupers, G. Ascheid","doi":"10.3850/9783981537079_0389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3850/9783981537079_0389","url":null,"abstract":"The increasingly diverse wireless communication ecosystem has given rise to flexible, programmable platforms for wireless baseband processing. This industry case study presents advance development results of a fully programmable, flexible floating-point DSP architecture for uplink (UL) multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) baseband processing with runtime-adaptive precision. By tuning the floating-point precision to the application needs, energy consumption can be reduced by up to 23 % per task.","PeriodicalId":311352,"journal":{"name":"2016 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124920354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A fully-digital EM pulse detector","authors":"David El-Baze, J. Rigaud, P. Maurine","doi":"10.3850/9783981537079_0164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3850/9783981537079_0164","url":null,"abstract":"ElectroMagnetic Pulse Injection (EMPI) has recently been demonstrated to be an efficient fault injection technique with many advantages especially when considering security issues of Systems on Chip (SoC) embedded on ball grid array packages, i.e. when adversaries do not have an easy access to the backside. EMPI must therefore be considered as a real threat against smartcards and SoC from now on. Among the usual countermeasures against fault attacks, one can identify the use of embedded sensors. If one can find voltage glitch or laser shot detectors in the literature, there is only one proposal which puts forward the idea of detecting ElectroMagnetic Pulse (EMP). However, this former sensor requires a fine tuning of some timing characteristics and, as a result, its use appears complex and even impractical within a SoC which are heterogeneous by nature and designed by worldwide teams. Within this context, this paper introduces and experimentally validates a new sensor allowing to detect EMP. Because the sensor is fully digital, it is low cost and above all fully compliant with the standard design flow of SoC.","PeriodicalId":311352,"journal":{"name":"2016 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125917221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Avvaru, Chen Zhou, Saroj Satapathy, Yingjie Lao, C. Kim, K. Parhi
{"title":"Estimating delay differences of arbiter PUFs using silicon data","authors":"S. Avvaru, Chen Zhou, Saroj Satapathy, Yingjie Lao, C. Kim, K. Parhi","doi":"10.3850/9783981537079_0926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3850/9783981537079_0926","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel approach to estimate delay differences of each stage in a standard MUX-based physical unclonable function (PUF). Test data collected from PUFs fabricated using 32 nm process are used to train a linear model. The delay differences of the stages directly correspond to the model parameters. These parameters are trained by using a least mean square (LMS) adaptive algorithm. The accuracy of the response using the proposed model is around 97.5% and 99.5% for two different PUFs. Second, the PUF is also modeled by a perceptron. The perceptron has almost 100% classification accuracy. A comparison shows that the perceptron model parameters are scaled versions of the model derived by the LMS algorithm. Thus, the delay differences can be estimated from the perceptron model where the scaling factor is computed by comparing the models of the LMS algorithm and the perceptron. Because the delay differences are challenge independent, these parameters can be stored on the server. This will enable the server to issue random challenges whose responses need not be stored. An analysis of the proposed model confirms that the delay differences of all stages of the PUFs on the same chip belong to the same Gaussian probability density function.","PeriodicalId":311352,"journal":{"name":"2016 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123764060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fengchao Zhang, Shuo Yang, J. Plusquellic, S. Bhunia
{"title":"Current based PUF exploiting random variations in SRAM cells","authors":"Fengchao Zhang, Shuo Yang, J. Plusquellic, S. Bhunia","doi":"10.3850/9783981537079_0791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3850/9783981537079_0791","url":null,"abstract":"Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) is a security primitive that has been proven to be effective in diverse security solutions ranging from hardware authentication to on-die entropy generation. PUFs can be implemented in a design in two possible ways: (1) adding a separate dedicated circuit; and (2) reusing an existing on-chip structure for generating random signatures. A large percentage of existing PUFs falls into the first category, which suffers from the important drawback of often unacceptable hardware and design overhead. Moreover, they cannot be applied to legacy designs, which do not allow insertion of additional circuit structures. Intrinsic PUFs, that rely on pre-existing circuit structures, such as static random-access memory (SRAM), fall into the second category. They, however, typically suffer from poor entropy as well as lack of robustness. In this paper, we introduce a novel PUF implementation of the second category that exploits the effect of manufacturing process variations in SRAM read access current. In particular, we note that transistor level variations in SRAM cells cause significant variations in the read current and the variation changes with the stored content in a SRAM cell. We propose a method to transform the analog read current value for an SRAM array into robust binary signatures. The proposed PUF can be easily employed for authentication of commercial SRAM chips without any design modification. Furthermore, it can be realized, with minor hardware modification, into chips with embedded memory, e.g., a processor, for on-die entropy generation. Simulation results at 45nm CMOS process for 1000 chips as well as measurement results based on 30 commercial SRAM chips, show promising randomness, uniqueness and robustness under environmental fluctuations.","PeriodicalId":311352,"journal":{"name":"2016 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114914454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Orthogonal signal modeling and operational computation of AMS circuits for fast and accurate system simulation","authors":"L. Gil, M. Radetzki","doi":"10.3850/9783981537079_0090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3850/9783981537079_0090","url":null,"abstract":"We present a general mathematical model of signals for efficient and accurate simulation of analog and mixed signal (AMS) systems. It relies on signal coding and parameterization and allows heterogeneous system specification at different abstraction levels, as well as, the operational computation of continuous time systems' dynamical behavior. In particular, we derive a matrix for operational subdivision of continuous signals and use it to capture accurately the interaction between continuous and discrete time systems. A key advantage of this signal representation is that continuous signal monitoring and analysis can be performed more efficiently, speeding up system verification. We implemented the proposed modeling approach in SystemC AMS 2.0 to exploit the dynamic reactive behavior of TDF MoC for accurate synchronization between the digital and analog system parts. With the example of a PLL system we evaluate the capabilities of our implementation to cope with heterogeneous designs at different design abstraction levels. The experimental results show a significant simulation speedup for high accurate models.","PeriodicalId":311352,"journal":{"name":"2016 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115090347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Wachmann, S. Saponara, C. Zambelli, P. Tisserand, J. Charbonnier, T. Erlbacher, S. Gruenler, C. Hartler, J. Siegert, P. Chassard, D. Ton, L. Ferrari, L. Fanucci
{"title":"ATHENIS_3D: Automotive tested high-voltage and embedded non-volatile integrated SoC platform with 3D technology","authors":"E. Wachmann, S. Saponara, C. Zambelli, P. Tisserand, J. Charbonnier, T. Erlbacher, S. Gruenler, C. Hartler, J. Siegert, P. Chassard, D. Ton, L. Ferrari, L. Fanucci","doi":"10.3850/9783981537079_1015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3850/9783981537079_1015","url":null,"abstract":"The ATHENIS_3D FP7 EU project aims at providing new enabling technologies (analog, digital and power components) for high-voltage and high-temperature applications, tested for power systems of new hybrid/electrical vehicles. Innovation is exploited at process/device level (3D chip stacking, wafer level packaging, trench capacitors and TSV-inductors integrated in the interposer, high-reliable non-volatile Magnetic RAM), circuit-level (inductorless high-voltage DC-DC converter, high-temperature 28nm System-on-Chip platform) and system-level (compact 3D embedded power mechatronic system). Enabling high integration levels of complex systems, operating in harsh environments, in a single packaged 3D device, ATHENIS_3D allows for one order of magnitude area reduction vs. today PCB-based power and control systems. Integration costs will be consequently reduced in key industrial sectors for Europe where high-voltage/temperature operations are mandatory (vehicles, avionics, space/defense, industrial automation, energy).","PeriodicalId":311352,"journal":{"name":"2016 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116526527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AUTOSAR-based communication coprocessor for automotive ECUs","authors":"Ahmed Hamed, M. Safar, M. El-Kharashi, A. Salem","doi":"10.3850/9783981537079_0374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3850/9783981537079_0374","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a novel approach to enhance the performance of the AUTOSAR-based Electronic Control Units. The operations done by the AUTOSAR communication module are the most Electronic Control Unit time-consuming operations so our approach modifies the design model of the AUTOSAR Layered Software Architecture by adding the communication coprocessor component. This model-based hardware/software codesign expedites the AUTOSAR communication operations while keeping the interfaces with the upper and lower layers unchanged. The coprocessor covers two communication-based operations. It consists of six building blocks. It communicates with the original Electronic Control Unit through the External Peripheral Interface module, which is a high speed parallel bus for external peripherals. The implemented coprocessor achieves up to 140× speedup over the software communication module solution. This gives a room to extend the automotive applications and increase the amount of the exchanged information by these applications without affecting the performance.","PeriodicalId":311352,"journal":{"name":"2016 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122725984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive multi-voltage scaling in wireless NoC for high performance low power applications","authors":"H. Mondal, G. Harsha, Raghav Kishore, Sujay Deb","doi":"10.3850/9783981537079_0710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3850/9783981537079_0710","url":null,"abstract":"Networks-on-Chip (NoCs) have garnered significant interest as communication backbone for multicore processors used across a wide range of fields that demand higher computation capability. Wireless NoCs (WNoCs) by augmenting single hop, long range wireless links with wired interconnects; offer the most promising solution to reduce multi-hop long distance communication bottlenecks and opens up innumerable possibilities of topological innovations that are not possible otherwise. However, energy consumption in routers along with Wireless Interface (WI) components still remains considerably high. Specifically for large systems with many nodes in the network, a significant amount of energy is consumed by the communication infrastructure (routers, links, WIs). The usage of the routers and WIs are application dependent and for most cases performance requirements can be met without operating the whole communication infrastructure to its maximum limit. Dynamic reconfigurable systems that can switch between both high performance and low power modes can cater to wide range of applications. In this paper, we propose a novel design methodology for energy efficient WNoC using Adaptive Multi-voltage Scaling (AMS) that reduces dynamic power consumption, along with power gating to prevent static power dissipation in routers and WIs. We evaluate our proposed design in presence of real and synthetic traffic patterns. This approach saves up to 62.50% of static power with less than 1% area overhead. In different traffic scenarios, the proposed WNoC reduces overall packet energy dissipation up to 35% on average compared to a regular WNoC, without significant performance degradation. Design considerations for augmenting existing WNoCs with these routers and corresponding overheads are also presented.","PeriodicalId":311352,"journal":{"name":"2016 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122461559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Root-cause analysis for memory-locked errors","authors":"John Adler, Djordje Maksimovic, A. Veneris","doi":"10.3850/9783981537079_0465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3850/9783981537079_0465","url":null,"abstract":"Half of the time in the design cycle today is spent on verifying and debugging the correctness of a design. Although some debugging tasks have been automated, determining the root-cause of errors that have been locked in memory for a number of clock cycles before they propagate to an observation point remains a time consuming effort. This is because the error traces exposing such behavior can be excessively long, a fact that requires modeling the circuit for many time-frames. This paper introduces a performance-driven debugging methodology for pinpointing the root-cause of memory-locked errors. The technique models only a sliding time window and a final time window explicitly at any one time, while interstitial time-frames are linked with a lightweight memory model. This technique is later extended to a complete methodology that diagnoses errors that may be missed. Experiments on industrial designs with memory-locked errors demonstrate a 72% reduction in peak memory usage with a comparable runtime to existing methodologies.","PeriodicalId":311352,"journal":{"name":"2016 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","volume":"4 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128694804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}