General Internal Medicine and Clinical Innovations最新文献

{"title":"The Natural Killer Cell","authors":"C. Schultz","doi":"10.15761/gimci.1000208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/gimci.1000208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":311273,"journal":{"name":"General Internal Medicine and Clinical Innovations","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126673803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mast cell","authors":"C. Schultz","doi":"10.15761/gimci.1000190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/gimci.1000190","url":null,"abstract":"Mast cells are immune cells that are arguably the most closely associated cell type with allergic reactions. They were originally discovered by Frederick von Recklinghausen in 1863 and named by Paul Ehrlich in 1877 [1]. They originate in the bone marrow, but unlike other types of cells such as basophils they mature while circulating in the body, usually when reaching a specific tissue site. Mast cells are a common “participate” not only in allergic reactions but also in wound healing, immune tolerance and importantly in defense against pathogens [2]. As mentioned, they are similar to the basophil in terms of function and appearance. Both cells express CD34. Mast cells are present in most tissues are very prevalent near the skin surface and mucosa and conjunctiva. Allergic reactions of the eye may be the most reported types of allergic reaction, simply because they are the most “visible” to both the victim and to others and may in rare cases lead to blindness.","PeriodicalId":311273,"journal":{"name":"General Internal Medicine and Clinical Innovations","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126900852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical case of subconjunctival hemorrhage","authors":"J. Oporto, R. Velasco, A. Mori, C. Olivares","doi":"10.15761/gimci.1000182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/gimci.1000182","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Red eye syndrome is the most common cause for primary care ophthalmological consults. One of the causes is subconjunctival hemorrhage, which is often asymptomatic. We now report a case of subconjunctival hemorrhage associated to atypical symptoms. Case presentation : A 50-year-old woman presents to the primary care setting with a two-day history of right eye redness. Direct clinical questioning reveals the presence of photophobia and diminished visual acuity. Both symptoms were later confirmed on clinical examination. The appearance of the eye was confirmatory for subconjunctival hemorrhage. Conclusions : Subconjunctival hemorrhage may present with symptoms of other eye-threatening conditions. Clinical examination is critical to distinguish between those causes and a benign subconjunctival hemorrhage.","PeriodicalId":311273,"journal":{"name":"General Internal Medicine and Clinical Innovations","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134286288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems with bleep use: Are smartphone group messaging services the answer?","authors":"A. Abdullah, K. Wright, Annabelle Lochrane, H. Haboubi","doi":"10.15761/gimci.1000178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/gimci.1000178","url":null,"abstract":"For communication purposes hospitals in the UK largely remain reliant upon the well-established system of bleeps. Bleeps are radio boxes that bleep when someone is trying to contact. The receiver is then obliged call back, usually by locating a hospital phone or from their personal mobiles [3]. This provides one-way communication only, and evidence suggests that some doctors find this system frustrating [4]. Literature on reasons for this include that bleeping someone is slower than using a mobile phone, mobile phones are more convenient, mobile phones allow instant messages to multiple recipients [5], mobile phones allow transmittance of radiological images [6,7], people take too long to answer bleeps, the phone is often engaged when replying and that it interrupts ward duties more than using a mobile [3].","PeriodicalId":311273,"journal":{"name":"General Internal Medicine and Clinical Innovations","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127626740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of Magnesium (Mg) on mineral metabolism in diabetic or non-diabetic patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD)","authors":"D. Yonova, Dimitrova, I. Popov, I. Trendafilov, K. Tzatchev","doi":"10.15761/gimci.1000183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/gimci.1000183","url":null,"abstract":"Renal handling of magnesium (Mg) is adaptive mechanism, but it’s affected when renal function declines. In moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD), loss of glomerular filtration is compensated by higher fractional excretion of Mg. In more advanced CKD however, (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min), overt hypermagnesemia develops frequently. Various studies show that increased serum Mg (sMg) lowers PTH, others do not prove the suggestion. Although the exact role of Mg in bone metabolism is unclear, it may have both positive and negative effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of sMg on bone mineral metabolism in CKD patients with or without diabetes. 62 CKD patients (not receiving dialysis) were divided into two groups: 1 st group (32 CKD diabetic patients); 2 nd group (30 CKD patients without diabetes). Biochemical determinations were made, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. sMg was inversely correlated with sCa (P<0.02) and with parathyroid hormone (sPTH) (P<0.05), with alkaline phosphatase (AP) (P<0.02), and with phosphate (P) (P<0.01) in 1 st group (diabetic). The CKD diabetic patients had lower serum albumin (ALB) and a higher hypomagnesemia and osteoporosis than the nondiabetic patients. sMg inversely correlated with e-GFR in the CKD patients in both groups. sMg showed higher correlation with 25-hydroxyvitamin D in 2 nd non-diabetic group (P<0.01); diabetic patients with higher sMg had a lower iPTH. The lower sMg subgroup showed a higher incidence of osteoporosis than the moderate and higher sMg subgroups did. In conclusion, low sMg may impact iPTH and enlarge osteoporosis in CKD patients, particularly with diabetes.","PeriodicalId":311273,"journal":{"name":"General Internal Medicine and Clinical Innovations","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114244158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 – Challenges ahead of vaccination in immunocompromised patients","authors":"P. Bansal, A. Goyal","doi":"10.15761/gimci.1000196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/gimci.1000196","url":null,"abstract":"A novel strain of coronavirus — SARS-CoV-2 — was first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, a city in China’s Hubei province, after an outbreak of pneumonia- like symptoms. The virus has now spread to over 200 countries and territories across the globe and was characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. To date, there is no proven effective treatment for the COVID-19 with ongoing trials on anti-viral and immunosuppressive therapies. Due to the highly contagious nature of COVID-19, the most promising way to contain the infection is by the development of a vaccine. Scientists all over the world are working tirelessly to develop a vaccine with several trials already undergoing and reaching phase 2. If and once a safe and effective vaccine is available, essential evidence-based considerations will be needed for the high-risk immunocompromised population. In this short summary, we are interpreting the current literature pertaining to vaccinations in patients on immunosuppressive medications and suggest how to implement management strategies in these patients once a vaccine is available for COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":311273,"journal":{"name":"General Internal Medicine and Clinical Innovations","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121627056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress related components in patients with acute myocardial infarction","authors":"C. Pruneti, Federica Giaroli, S. Guidotti","doi":"10.15761/gimci.1000202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/gimci.1000202","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The present work aims to describe the psychological characteristics emerging in a group of infarcted subjects using tests to detect some aspects of the personality and typical behaviours of patients who have been diagnosed with serious cardiovascular disease. In the scientific literature, a number of biological predispositions have been already identified and well described such genetic predisposition, sex, age, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension etc. Furthermore, multiple psychological factors: personality traits, the ability or to feel emotions, like an-ger and hostility, particular behavioural patterns and lifestyles, seems to plays an important role in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, as evidence of the close body-mind relationship and the importance of the patient’s over-all management, there is the fact that pathological alterations of the mood can be risk factors about the course of most of organic disease and even represent real predictors of mortality. Materials and methods: 25 subjects (23 male and 2 female) aged between 40 and 60 with a diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction were examined. The following tests were administered before angioplasty: Symptom Questionnaire, Illness Behaviour Questionnaire and P Stress Questionnaire. After two weeks, during the cardiological rehabilitation, the Cognitive Behavioural Assessment battery and a second Symptom Questionnaire were administered. Results: The results in the P Stress Questionnaire highlight dysfunctional behaviours; in particular, patients show high scores in the Hyperactivity and Vigor subscales while the Illness Behaviour Questionnaire highlights the tendency to deny emotions. In addition, comparing the results between the first and second administration of the Symptom Questionnaire reveals a decrease in hostility. Conclusions: This study confirms what has already been described in the literature about the presence of stable personality traits and the tendency to adopt risky behaviours for stress-related physical disorders in a group of infarcted patients and highlights the need for a multidimensional and multidisciplinary approach in order to promote psychological well-being, encourage the improvement of physical conditions and prevent any relapses.","PeriodicalId":311273,"journal":{"name":"General Internal Medicine and Clinical Innovations","volume":"34 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120910101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giant Viruses","authors":"J. Etten","doi":"10.15761/gimci.1000173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/gimci.1000173","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":311273,"journal":{"name":"General Internal Medicine and Clinical Innovations","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115621961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Eosinophil","authors":"C. Schultz","doi":"10.15761/gimci.1000195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/gimci.1000195","url":null,"abstract":"Eosinophils were discovered in the late 1800’s and quickly became associated with different and diverse disease states [1]. Eosinophils were linked in terms of disease to everything from parasitic infections to allergic reactions. The eosinophil has the capability of causing extreme damage to certain tissues in the body. It has been suggested that eosinophil evolution dates back more than one hundred million years [2]. Eosinophil counts in the blood have a range of 350 – 600 per microliter. Disease states can occur if the blood count becomes excessive, or conversely is reduced below 350.","PeriodicalId":311273,"journal":{"name":"General Internal Medicine and Clinical Innovations","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122140454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunoglobulin D","authors":"Clyde Schultz","doi":"10.15761/gimci.1000193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/gimci.1000193","url":null,"abstract":"Immunoglobulin D is an ancient biological molecule which evolved and may cooperate functionally with Immunoglobulin M. It is expressed on B-lymphocytes and is secreted into the blood stream. It is produced as a monomeric antibody similar to Immunoglobulin G, and has a half-life of less than 3 days. IgD is involved in various immune related functions including as a “replacement” in certain instances for IgM or IgA in individuals that may have deficiencies in one of these antibody classes.","PeriodicalId":311273,"journal":{"name":"General Internal Medicine and Clinical Innovations","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125162110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}