South African Journal of Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Strengthening the biokinetics workforce for improved services: A human resources for health review from 2000 to 2020.","authors":"R Tiwari, H W Grobbelaar, C Vermaak, U Chikte","doi":"10.17159/2078-516X/2023/v35i1a14184","DOIUrl":"10.17159/2078-516X/2023/v35i1a14184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biokinetics is a South African (SA) health profession within the private health care sector. Biokineticists register with the Health Professions Council of SA (HPCSA).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the demographic trends of HPCSA registered biokineticists from 2000 to 2020 to understand the supply and status of human resources for health within the profession.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The following data were collected and analysed: i) health personnel category, ii) geographical location, iii) age, iv) sex, and v) population category.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of HPCSA registered biokineticists grew from 136 in 2000, to 1831 in January 2020 (67.8% women, 32.2% men). There was a sharp decline in numbers after the age of 45 years. The Western Cape (5.8) and Gauteng (5.1) provinces had the most biokineticists per 100 000 of the population, whilst smaller provinces like Kwazulu-Natal (1.6), Mpumalanga (1.6), North-West (1.6) and Limpopo (0.9) lagged. The demographic profile of registered Biokineticists changed steadily from 2000 to 2020. Registered biokineticists classified as White decreased from 91.6% to 80.4%, whilst substantial increases were observed among Black (5.0% to 8.3%), Coloured (0.02% to 5.3%) and Indian/Asian (0.02% to 6.0%) biokineticists. Thirteen tertiary institutions offered Biokinetics programmes in 2022. Seven offered the 3+1-year (Honours) programme and six have migrated to a 4-year professional degree.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The profession is well established, growing, and dominated by women. The demographic profile has transformed steadily; however, the need to transform the profession remains strong. Strengthening investments aimed at the employment of biokineticists in the public health sector may serve as a key turning point for healthcare workforce planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":31065,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"v35i1a14184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10798608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42404305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Headers and concussions in elite female and male football: a pilot study.","authors":"S den Hollander, V Gouttebarge","doi":"10.17159/2078-516X/2023/v35i1a15236","DOIUrl":"10.17159/2078-516X/2023/v35i1a15236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heading is a risk factor for neurogenerative disease in football. However, the exposure to heading in elite football training is understudied.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary purpose of this study was to determine the exposure to headers in elite men's and women's football and to describe the effects of the headers on ocular markers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Exposure to headers was observed over three days of women's and men's football. The number of headers at each session was determined through video analysis, and the G-force was determined via an impact tracker. Ocular markers were assessed at the start and end of the three days, and the results were compared to determine if there were any changes. Self-reported exposure to heading was recorded after each session and compared to the number of headers observed through video analysis, to assess the validity of players' self-reporting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Female players made an average of 11 headers per player per session. Ninety percent of the headers were below 10G, and none were above 80G. Male players made an average of three headers per player per session, with 74% of the headers recording a G-force above 10G and 3% above 80G. No meaningful changes were observed post-session in the ocular markers, and no concussions were observed. Neither cohort was able to accurately self-report exposure to headers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Longitudinal studies should be designed and conducted across different levels of play in both women and men's football as a prerequisite to develop evidence-based measures to prevent or mitigate the potential risks associated with headers and concussions in elite football.</p>","PeriodicalId":31065,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"v35i1a15236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10798605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43410099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity and quality of life of patients with fibromyalgia.","authors":"L Smith, M Croucamp","doi":"10.17159/2078-516X/2023/v35i1a14781","DOIUrl":"10.17159/2078-516X/2023/v35i1a14781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) has been linked to decreased social functioning, poor mental health, and quality of life (QOL). Increased physical functioning and activity can result in improvements in social, mental and overall health, as well as lowered depression and anxiety levels.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to determine physical activity levels and QOL amongst patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia in the Johannesburg region of South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research design was cross-sectional. Descriptive and quantitative data were collected. FMS patients (n=38) completed an online questionnaire on the Google Forms platform. The questionnaire was comprised of four components, namely Demographics, the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), and the Short Form-36 (SF-36). During data analysis, descriptive characteristics and correlations were computed. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed high FIQR scores (67%) accompanied with low QOL scores (<50% in all domains). There was no correlation between physical activity and FIQR, and physical activity and QOL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High scores on the impact of FMS were associated with lower overall QOL scores. However, the relationship between physical activity, and the impact of FMS and QOL remain inconclusive.</p>","PeriodicalId":31065,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"v35i1a14781"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10798615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41925107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entering the era of artificial intelligence (AI) in publishing.","authors":"Mike Lambert","doi":"10.17159/2078-516X/2023/v35i1a15511","DOIUrl":"10.17159/2078-516X/2023/v35i1a15511","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31065,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"v35i1a15511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10798598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47381701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pattern of non-contact injuries in a South African professional football team.","authors":"J Swart,&nbsp;C Varekamp,&nbsp;J Greyling","doi":"10.17159/2078-516X/2022/v34i1a13723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2078-516X/2022/v34i1a13723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The incidence, pattern and severity of non-contact injuries in European football has been researched extensively. In South African football only two studies have been conducted to date and with disparate outcomes. Further research into injury rates in South African football is therefore warranted.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the incidence and pattern of non-contact injuries in a South African professional football team during the course of a single season (2016-2017) in relation to competition exposure, training load and playing position.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-four male professional football players belonging to a single team competing in the Premier Soccer League (PSL) in South Africa were studied. Non-contact time-loss injuries (total training and match injuries) were recorded. Injury incidence, location, severity, type, and playing position (defender, midfielder, attackers, goalkeepers) during either match play or training were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The non-contact incidence was 52 injuries with an injury rate of 3.74 per 1 000 exposures (training and competition). Competitions resulted in an incidence of 26.4 injuries per 1 000 exposure and training incidence 2.08 injuries per 1 000 exposures. Hamstring, groin and quadriceps injuries were the most frequently injured locations and muscle-tendon injuries accounted for the majority of injuries. The majority of injuries (52%) occurred during match play while 48% occurred during training. The greatest absolute number of injuries were sustained by midfielders (50%), followed by defenders (33%) and attackers (17%). However, relative to player numbers, the greatest number of injuries during match play were for defenders (44%), attackers (32%) and midfielders (24%). During training attackers sustained the most injuries (39%), followed by defenders (31%) and midfielders (30%). Goalkeepers did not sustain any non-contact injuries during the duration of the study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The non-contact injury incidence in South African professional football players is similar to European football players. Hamstrings and groin injuries are predominant and were sustained throughout the competitive season. Defenders sustained the most non-contact injuries within the team relative to exposure time compared to attackers and midfielders. To our knowledge, injuries relative to player position have not been reported previously.</p>","PeriodicalId":31065,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":"v34i1a13723"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9924560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10754703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood flow restriction training in South Africa - a panel discussion.","authors":"R W Evans,&nbsp;J Ganda,&nbsp;L van Schalkwyk,&nbsp;D L Fabricius,&nbsp;M Cornelissen","doi":"10.17159/2078-516X/2022/v34i1a14796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2078-516X/2022/v34i1a14796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Blood flow restriction (BFR) training uses a cuff to partially occlude venous blood flow and improve musculoskeletal training outcomes. Over the past 25 years, numerous studies have demonstrated its relative safety and efficacy.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Blood flow restriction training is under review by the Health Professions Council of South Africa due to safety and ethical concerns. The objective of this roundtable discussion is to gain better insight into the current use and perception of blood flow restriction training in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Formation of panel: </strong>The expert panel had experience with the use of BFR training and included one representative from each of the following professions, namely, sports medicine, physiotherapy and biokinetics.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The panellists provided their unique perspectives on BFR training, whilst reaching a relative consensus on its safety, screening, efficacy, and appropriate use. Agreement on appropriate loading and occlusion pressure protocols during different phases of rehabilitation was less clear.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although BFR is a safe and effective modality, the development of evidence-based protocols among different health professionals in South Africa is required to ensure good clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":31065,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":"v34i1a14796"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9924536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10761906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The unexpected evolution of myocardial injury while infected with the coronavirus: A COVID-19 case report.","authors":"J T Doran","doi":"10.17159/2078-516X/2022/v34i1a11110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2078-516X/2022/v34i1a11110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A novel virus breakout in December 2019, with diverse clinical manifestations, initially identified as infecting the respiratory system, has spread rapidly around the world, with adverse effects which have caused acute myocardial injury and chronic damage to the cardiovascular system in some individuals.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To present a clinical case with the manifestation of COVID-19 suspected to be either a mild case of either myocarditis or pericarditis. This case highlights a relatively atypical presentation of COVID-19 and the value of a coordinated approach to the unexpected sequences of patient recovery patterns that may require further specialist referral and intervention.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>A ribonucleic acid (RNA) viral infection was confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription (RT-PCR) and the patient was diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The presenting symptoms failed to resolve and the patient was admitted to the accident and emergency (A&E) department. Upon the second visit to the A&E department at 27 days postinfection, an electrocardiograph (ECG) was conducted revealing T wave inversion.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>A coordinated approach is needed to combat the infection, develop cardiac-protective strategies and direct supportive measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":31065,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":"v34i1a11110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9924572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10765195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of the relative age effect among high-performance, university student-athletes, versus an age-matched student cohort.","authors":"S Dube,&nbsp;H Grobbelaar","doi":"10.17159/2078-516X/2022/v34i1a13310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2078-516X/2022/v34i1a13310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Relative age effect (RAE) refers to the over-representation of athletes born earlier in the calendar year covering a specific sport. The RAE is especially prevalent in youth sports but often persists into senior competitive levels.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the prevalence and magnitude of the RAE among student-athletes in a high performance (HP) programme at a South African university, according to year, sports code and sex, compared to the general student cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional descriptive analysis of HP-student-athletes and an age-matched student cohort from 2016 to 2021. Birthdate data were extracted for the HP student-athletes (N = 950: men = 644, women = 306) and student comparison group (N = 47 068; men = 20 464; women = 26 591; not disclosed = 13). Differences were determined using Chi-squared and Fisher's exact test. Residuals examined relative age quartile differences. The steps were applied across academic years, sport code and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The RAE was more pronounced among the student-athletes compared to the age-matched student cohort. The RAE was occasionally observed among the HP-student-athletes; however, the prevalence was inconsistent across the respective years under investigation and only noted in certain sport codes (i.e. swimming, rugby union and cricket). There were no sex differences among the HP student-athletes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Where the RAE was noted, the selection bias favoured the relatively older student-athletes. The mechanisms for RAE are multifactorial and complex. A combination of factors, such as competition depth, the popularity and physicality of a sport and socialisation may be involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":31065,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":"v34i1a13310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9924543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10771132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dr Clive Noble – A Tribute","authors":"J. Patricios","doi":"10.17159/2078-516x/2022/v34i1a13095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2022/v34i1a13095","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31065,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42277610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IFSEMC 2022: International Festival of Sports, Exercise & Medicine Conference","authors":"Melissa Janse van Vuuren, P. Boer, E. Jordaan, W. Derman","doi":"10.17159/2078-516X/2022/v34i1a14885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2078-516X/2022/v34i1a14885","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31065,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67477328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}