Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control最新文献_第9页

A cross-sectional pilot survey of sharp injuries among dental students in a tertiary care dental hospital in Lucknow, India 在印度勒克瑙的一家三级保健牙科医院的牙科学生的锐伤横断面试点调查

Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.4103/JPSIC.JPSIC_22_18

Rhythm Bains, V. Bains, R. Kumari

{"title":"A cross-sectional pilot survey of sharp injuries among dental students in a tertiary care dental hospital in Lucknow, India","authors":"Rhythm Bains, V. Bains, R. Kumari","doi":"10.4103/JPSIC.JPSIC_22_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JPSIC.JPSIC_22_18","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aims to estimate the frequency of sharp injuries among the post-graduate and undergraduate dental students and evaluate their knowledge regarding the needle-stick/sharp injuries, proper handling and disposal of sharp waste. Methodology: A written questionnaire containing questions regarding frequency of sharps injury, source of injury, status of immunisation and knowledge regarding handling and disposal of sharps waste was personally distributed to the participants and collected on the same day. Informed consent was obtained from the participants, and the purpose of the study was explained to them. The data obtained was statistically analysed. Percentage distribution of responses for Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) and Master of Dental Surgery (MDS) students was recorded. Furthermore, the comparison of responses for BDS and MDS was analysed using the t-test. Chi-square test was used to find the significance difference between responses by BDS and MDS students. Results: The results of the present questionnaire study revealed that 38.5% (10/26) post-graduate students and 37.2% (16/42) undergraduate respondents had a history of sharps injury (P = 0.917). Most common reason for the injury among post-graduates was recapping of needles 84.6% (22/26) followed by endodontic instruments 11.5% (3/26) and use of probes/explorer 3% (1/26). Among the undergraduates, the most common source of injury was again recapping of needles 97.7% (42/43), followed by endodontic instruments 2.3% (1/43). Conclusion: Both undergraduates and post-graduates reported with history of sharps injury, though the difference among them was not significant. Needle-stick or sharps injury can prove to be fatal, and as dental students have an early clinical exposure, they should be trained early in their curriculum regarding correct disposal and handling of sharps.","PeriodicalId":310565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125244808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Needle-stick injury: A perspective 针刺伤:一个视角

Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.4103/JPSIC.JPSIC_16_18

P. Srikanth, Y. Ravi, S. Mani

引用次数: 0

Clinical spectrum and resistance pattern of community-acquired invasive Staphylococcus aureus infection in children 儿童社区获得性侵袭性金黄色葡萄球菌感染的临床谱及耐药模式

Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control Pub Date : 2018-05-01 DOI: 10.4103/JPSIC.JPSIC_12_18

M. Kashif, Yusuf Ansari, T. Ekram, F. Khan, Tabassum Nawab, S. Abqari

{"title":"Clinical spectrum and resistance pattern of community-acquired invasive Staphylococcus aureus infection in children","authors":"M. Kashif, Yusuf Ansari, T. Ekram, F. Khan, Tabassum Nawab, S. Abqari","doi":"10.4103/JPSIC.JPSIC_12_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JPSIC.JPSIC_12_18","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The incidence of Staphylococcal infections has been increasing over the last 20 years and MRSA infection is becoming an important cause of hospital infection among children. Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to delineate the clinical spectrum of Staphylococcus aureus infection in children, their complications, antimicrobial resistance patterns and response to treatment. Materials and Methods: Children with suspected community acquired invasive S. aureus infections were retrospectively identified. Fifty patients with proven S.aureus infection on culture from clinically relevant sites were included. Their symptoms, course of disease, complications, antimicrobial resistance pattern and response to treatment is described. Results and Conclusions: Out of a total of 50 cases, S.aureus isolates from 31 (62%) cases were sensitive to oxacillin while resistance to this antibiotic was reported in 19 (38%) cases. Most common site for localisation of infection was present in lungs (40%) followed by CNS (16%), skin (8%) and bone (4%) The focality of infection and pattern of resistance were not significantly associated with outcomes.","PeriodicalId":310565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control","volume":"19 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131558180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Clinical experience of using chlorhexidine gluconate-impregnated dressings in reducing the central line-associated bloodstream infection rate at a Level 1 trauma centre 在一级创伤中心使用葡萄糖酸氯己定浸渍敷料降低中央静脉相关血流感染率的临床经验

Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control Pub Date : 2018-05-01 DOI: 10.4103/JPSIC.JPSIC_15_18

P. Batra, S. Thomas, Jacinta Gunjyal, P. Mathur, B. Gupta, Chhavi Swahnney, D. Agarwal, A. Bindra, K. Goyal, R. Aggarwal, K. Soni, R. Malhotra

{"title":"Clinical experience of using chlorhexidine gluconate-impregnated dressings in reducing the central line-associated bloodstream infection rate at a Level 1 trauma centre","authors":"P. Batra, S. Thomas, Jacinta Gunjyal, P. Mathur, B. Gupta, Chhavi Swahnney, D. Agarwal, A. Bindra, K. Goyal, R. Aggarwal, K. Soni, R. Malhotra","doi":"10.4103/JPSIC.JPSIC_15_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JPSIC.JPSIC_15_18","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Central venous catheters are vital in critical care which can be associated with infectious and non-infectious adverse events. Materials and Methods: This case–control study was conducted over 1 year in trauma centre of India. All patients admitted in intensive care units (ICUs) having central line inserted during the study period (November 2013–October 2014) were included as cases. Historical controls with non-antibiotic-impregnated dressings were used as controls (November 2012–October 2013). Standard central line insertion and maintenance checklist was followed. Results: A total of 2034 patients were admitted in ICUs during study period, and the central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rate was 2.89/1000 catheter days. During the year 2012–2013, 2100 patients were admitted and CLABSI rate was 3.04/1000 catheter days. The mean central line insertion bundle compliance rate was 76.8% in 2012–2013 and 78.37% in 2013–2014. The compliance with scrubbing the access port was minimum 34% while that with change in dressing was the maximum 79%. Discussion: Since CLABSI rate reduction was not statistically significant, the use of biopatch in our setting could not be justified and its use was not found to be cost-effective. In maintenance bundle, compliance with scrubbing the hub was least only 35%. Thus, the use of effective maintenance bundle parameters could easily reduce CLABSI rate.","PeriodicalId":310565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130834099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Profile of fatal geriatric trauma at a Level 1 trauma centre of India 印度一级创伤中心致命的老年创伤概况

Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control Pub Date : 2018-05-01 DOI: 10.4103/JPSIC.JPSIC_8_18

S. Lalwani, P. Mathur, Mahesh Kumar, C. Sawhney, D. Agrawal, O. Katoch

{"title":"Profile of fatal geriatric trauma at a Level 1 trauma centre of India","authors":"S. Lalwani, P. Mathur, Mahesh Kumar, C. Sawhney, D. Agrawal, O. Katoch","doi":"10.4103/JPSIC.JPSIC_8_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JPSIC.JPSIC_8_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Trauma in old age is a serious health issue and associated with high fatality. This study details the profile of fatal geriatric trauma at a Level 1 Indian trauma centre. Methods: This is a retrospective study. A total of 779 geriatric patients were admitted to the Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre during 2-year period from January 2014 to December 2015. A retrospective analysis was done of all 194 fatal geriatric trauma patients who underwent autopsy at our centre during this 2-year period. The study has been taken ethical clearance from the institutional review board. Setting: This study was conducted in a 165-bedded Level 1 trauma centre of India. Participants: Hundred and ninety-four fatal geriatric trauma patients were included in the study. Interventions: There were no interventions in this study. Measurements: Data were represented in median (range: minimum–maximum) and frequency (%). Results: The duration of admission of these 194 patients ranged from <1 to 91 days (median 3 days). The causes of trauma were road traffic accidents in 78 (40%), fall from height in 75 (39%), assault in 12 (6%), railway accident in 10 (5%) and unconsciousness in 10 (5%). The autopsy-proven primary cause of death was severe head injury in 89 (46%), septicaemia in 30 (15%), polytrauma in 11 (6%), orthotrauma in 12 (6%), haemorrhagic shock in 9 (5%), spinal injury in 8 (4%), musculoskeletal injury in 3 (2%) and fat embolism in 3 (2%). Conclusion: In our study, while most of the early deaths were due to severe head injuries, late deaths were predominantly due to infections.","PeriodicalId":310565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130304940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and their implication in occupational health 人类免疫缺陷病毒、乙型肝炎病毒、丙型肝炎病毒的流行及其对职业健康的影响

Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control Pub Date : 2018-05-01 DOI: 10.4103/JPSIC.JPSIC_1_18

A. Siddiqui, V. Srivastava

引用次数: 0

Prevalence of needle-stick injuries among health-care workers in a tertiary care centre in North India 在印度北部的一个三级保健中心，卫生保健工作者被针刺伤的发生率

Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control Pub Date : 2018-05-01 DOI: 10.4103/jpsic.jpsic_13_18

Sana Islahi, V. Mittal, M. Sen

{"title":"Prevalence of needle-stick injuries among health-care workers in a tertiary care centre in North India","authors":"Sana Islahi, V. Mittal, M. Sen","doi":"10.4103/jpsic.jpsic_13_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpsic.jpsic_13_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Healthcare-associated infections among health-care workers (HCWs) commonly follow occupational exposures to pathogens through sharp, cuts and splashes contaminated with infected blood or body fluids of patients. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of self-reported occupational exposures to these hazards and to know the prevalent practices following the exposure. Materials and Methods: An observational prospective study was done in the HCWs of a tertiary care centre of North India from January 2015 to December 2016. At the time of self-reporting of injury, a questionnaire was administered. Blood sample of HCWs and of the source, if identified, was collected for baseline hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serum markers. Follow-up status before and after needle-stick injuries (NSIs) was done. Results: NSIs were reduced from 18 (70.37%) in 2015 to 8 (29.62%) in 2016 with P < 0.05. The maximum numbers of NSIs were found in staff nurses (68.64%), mostly with hollow bore needle (68.75%), during insertion of intravenous cannula (29.66%). Maximum type of injury was superficial percutaneous (62.82%). 35.89% of the HCWs who had NSI were not immunised with HBV vaccines. Post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV was started within 2 h of exposures in whom it was warranted. Conclusions: The study indicates that supervised training, especially during initial stressful years, is needed not only to reduce the incidence of NSIs but also to improve work performance.","PeriodicalId":310565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115980999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of extended spectrum beta lactamase and AmpC beta lactamases in Escherichia coli from a tertiary care centre in India 来自印度三级保健中心的大肠杆菌中广谱β -内酰胺酶和AmpC β -内酰胺酶的表型和分子特征

Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control Pub Date : 2018-05-01 DOI: 10.4103/JPSIC.JPSIC_11_18

Aishwarya Govindaswamy, Vijeta Bajpai, P. Batra, R. Malhotra, P. Mathur

{"title":"Phenotypic and molecular characterization of extended spectrum beta lactamase and AmpC beta lactamases in Escherichia coli from a tertiary care centre in India","authors":"Aishwarya Govindaswamy, Vijeta Bajpai, P. Batra, R. Malhotra, P. Mathur","doi":"10.4103/JPSIC.JPSIC_11_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JPSIC.JPSIC_11_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antibiotic resistance mediated by extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC enzymes in Escherichia coli continue to be a major threat in a health care setting. This study was undertaken to calculate the prevalence and to characterize ESBL and AmpC enzymes produced by E. coli by various phenotypic and molecular methods (polymerase chain reaction [PCR]). Materials and Methods: A total of 196 clinical isolates of E. coli were screened for ESBL production using cephalosporin disk diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination by E-test and Vitek-2 system. Phenotypic confirmation for ESBL production was done using cephalosporin/clavulanate combination disc test method and E-test for ESBLs. For the detection of AmpC enzymes, cefoxitin disk diffusion and cefoxitin MIC testing was used and further phenotypically confirmed by three dimensional extract test, AmpC disk test, boronic acid disk test method and disk approximation method. The genotypic detection of ESBL genes and AmpC genes were done by PCR. Statistical Analysis: The data was analyzed using SPSS software (Version 21.0). Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis of the data. Results: The prevalence of ESBL and AmpC enzymes among E. coli isolates was found 93.12% and 28.68%. Among the various phenotypic screening methods evaluated, ceftazidime (CZD) disk diffusion test had the highest sensitivity of 90.67% and positive predict value of 92.86% followed by cefotaxime and CZD in comparison with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For AmpC β-lactamases, the cefoxitin disk used for screening of AmpC β-lactamases had sensitivity of 91.67%, specificity of 59.14%, positive predict value of 46.48%, and negative predict value of 94.83% when compared with PCR. Conclusion: The high prevalence of ESBL and AmpC in our study emphasises on the judicious use of antibiotics in controlling antimicrobial resistance in the hospital.","PeriodicalId":310565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122797284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Patient safety and infection control in operation theatre: A prospective observational study in a tertiary care hospital of India 手术室患者安全和感染控制:印度一家三级医院的前瞻性观察研究

Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control Pub Date : 2018-05-01 DOI: 10.4103/JPSIC.JPSIC_14_18

Deepti Sahran, V. Siddharth, S. Satpathy

{"title":"Patient safety and infection control in operation theatre: A prospective observational study in a tertiary care hospital of India","authors":"Deepti Sahran, V. Siddharth, S. Satpathy","doi":"10.4103/JPSIC.JPSIC_14_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JPSIC.JPSIC_14_18","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This study aimed to observe the various patient care processes pertaining to patient safety including infection control. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, prospective, observational, qualitative study was conducted in operation theatre (OT) complex of a tertiary care teaching hospital of North India from January to December 2016. Eleven operating rooms utilised for performing routine surgeries were included in the study. Non-participant observations were made by the single trained observer, and in-depth unstructured discussions were also held with the key stakeholders. One OT each for a full day per week was observed. Simple random sampling without replacement using chit system was used for selecting the OT and day of the week for data collection. Results: There are documented infection control guidelines which are being utilised for infection control. There is no patient safety committee, no guidelines on patient safety and no mechanism has been established for reporting of the patient safety incidents. Implementation of surgical safety checklist was inadequate and only nursing personnel filled it. There is a comprehensive training programme available for infection control among nursing staff only but not on patient safety. Only one adverse event was observed during the study period, in addition to four near misses. Conclusion: Culture of patient safety needs to be established, especially in critical areas such as OT. Mechanism needs to be developed for capturing data pertaining to patient safety and patient safety practices, especially implementation of surgical safety checklist need intense and sustained efforts.","PeriodicalId":310565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130300183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Adherence to surgical antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines in an Indian tertiary care hospital 在印度三级护理医院遵守外科抗生素预防指南

Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/JPSIC.JPSIC_28_17

N. Jaggi, P. Nirwan, M. Chakraborty

{"title":"Adherence to surgical antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines in an Indian tertiary care hospital","authors":"N. Jaggi, P. Nirwan, M. Chakraborty","doi":"10.4103/JPSIC.JPSIC_28_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JPSIC.JPSIC_28_17","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The surgical antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines are developed to provide surgeons with a standardised approach to the rational, safe and effective use of antimicrobial agents for the prevention of surgical-site infections based on international, national and local recommendations. However, despite the availability of these guidelines, the adherence to the set protocols is a challenge. This study was carried out to evaluate the adherence to presurgical antibiotic prophylaxis in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: The antibiotic audit was prospectively carried out for 29 months January 2014—May 2016 for randomly selected clean and clean-contaminated surgeries. Measurable parameters for each selected case were choice of antibiotic, timing of administration and duration. The results were statistically analysed (Minitab 17.0 software). Results: A total of 1549 surgeries were audited. Out of this, 1501 (96.9%) surgeries fulfilled the inclusion criteria and 76.8% were clean. Mean age of the patients was 42.9 ± 18 years with the majority being females 52.5%. The most commonly used antibiotics were amikacin 32.5%, cefuroxime 29.5% and cefazolin 22.9%. The three parameters tested for adherence showed individual compliance of 87.3% for appropriate selection of antibiotic, 85.3% for appropriate administration and 34.9% for appropriate duration of antibiotic, respectively. Overall adherence to presurgical antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines by the surgeons showed significant results (69.2%, P < 0.05). Conclusion: The present study highlights the adherence and challenges faced in transforming hospital-specific guidelines into practice. The adherence to SAP protocols by surgeons was found comparable with that of the developed countries. This is due to their involvement in the formulation of antibiotic guidelines.","PeriodicalId":310565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132757356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5