Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control最新文献

{"title":"Chest computed tomography in coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia subjects: Call for judicious use","authors":"V. Karami, Javad Moazen, Ali Arianezhad, Soraya Khajehrezaei, M. Sharifi","doi":"10.4103/jpsic.jpsic_2_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpsic.jpsic_2_23","url":null,"abstract":"Since the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, there has been an unprecedented increase in the number of patients undergoing chest computed tomography (CT). More than 689 million cases have been infected by COVID-19 worldwide till date, of whom many were subjected to CT scanning. Several national and international bodies recommended against the routine use of chest CT for COVID-19 cases. However, evidence points to overuse. This review attempts to briefly describe when and why a chest CT is clinically indicated for COVID-19 patients to judicious use and enhance the benefit–risk ratio.","PeriodicalId":310565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125070185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How frequently do healthcare workers touch the front of their masks: An observational study during COVID times","authors":"C. Singh, D. Bhankhur, Rupinder Kaur, Harpreet Kaur, H. Kaur, K. Kaur, M. Kaur, S. Singh, M. Biswal","doi":"10.4103/jpsic.jpsic_37_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpsic.jpsic_37_22","url":null,"abstract":"Wearing a facemask is essential to prevent respiratory infections, especially in the COVID scenario. However, the front of a mask gets frequently contaminated. We observed that there is a tendency in our healthcare workers (HCWs) to touch the front of masks they were wearing. A prospective study to document and improve this behaviour was conducted. The study was undertaken in two phases (June and September 2020). Training classes emphasising the danger of this were conducted. Details such as area of posting, category of HCW and number of times the mask or face were touched as well as the total number of times it was touched were noted. Out of 357 HCWs observed in two phases, mask touching decreased from 58.3% (3.1 times in the observation period) to 39% (2.4 times) in June and September, respectively (P < 0.0003). Mask touching behaviours are common and can be reduced in HCWs by training and awareness sessions.","PeriodicalId":310565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132958164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicoradiological correlation of Endotracheal secretion culture in each case of suspected VAP: a need of the present to combat drug-resistance","authors":"S. Vishwakarma, M. Gupta, Ghanshyam S. Yadav, B. Das, S. Nayak","doi":"10.4103/jpsic.jpsic_7_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpsic.jpsic_7_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in intensive care unit (ICU)-admitted patients is a life-threatening event, caused by a diverse range of microbes having varied susceptibility to different classes of antibiotics. Materials and Methods: We enrolled patients admitted in trauma ICU on mechanical ventilation for >48 h. Modified clinical pulmonary infection score (≥6) having a significant bacterial count (≥10[5] cfu/ml) in endotracheal (ET) secretions was used to diagnose VAP. Subsequently, we did antibiotic susceptibility testing by the modified Kirby–Bauer method, and the results were interpreted per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Results: We enrolled 389 patients in this study. Amongst these, we noted VAP events in 87 patients with an incidence of 15.62/1000 days of ventilators. Gram-negative rods were the predominant microbes causing VAP. Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex (n = 30) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 27) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 19) was the predominant isolate. All nine isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). About 48.72% (38/78) of the Gram-negative microbes were meropenem sensitive. All strains of A. baumanii and P. aeruginosa were sensitive to polymyxin B, whereas all isolated MRSA strains were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid. In addition, drug-resistant epidemiological important bacterial pathogens were also isolated from ET secretions. Conclusion: VAP is caused by a diverse group of multidrug-resistant microorganisms; however, drug-resistant microbes also colonise the in situ ET tubes. Therefore, accurate diagnosis of VAP and its differentiation from ET tube colonisation is a need of present times as appropriate treatment of actual VAP cases will reduce the burden of drug-resistant microbes in ICU settings.","PeriodicalId":310565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126601304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of 'Get it to 100%', a hepatitis B vaccination campaign amongst the health-care workers: A 5-year multimodal interventional study in a large tertiary care public sector teaching hospital, India","authors":"K. Priyadarshi, D. Rajshekar, Haritha Madigubba, R. Dhodapkar, Sarumathi Dhandapani, A. Sastry","doi":"10.4103/jpsic.jpsic_4_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpsic.jpsic_4_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The World Health Organization recommends administering the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine at least for high-risk adults including health-care workers (HCWs). Active intervention through hospital-wide vaccination campaign may be necessary to augment the vaccine coverage, instead of merely having a hospital vaccination policy. Materials and Methods: The study was an interventional type, where hepatitis B vaccination campaign 'Get it to 100%' was implemented in a tertiary care hospital for 5 years, through multimodal interventions. Subsequently, the impact of hospital-wide HBV vaccination campaign to improve compliance amongst HCWs was evaluated. Results: HCWs being 'vaccinated' were increased from 45.6% (4398) to 84.2% (8126); not-vaccinated reduced from 54.4% (5253) to 15.8% (1525) and HCWs protected against HBV improved from 2.5% (240) to 50.2% (4843) with significant yearly increase. Doctors (63.9%), followed by nurses (57.7%) were more compliant, while defaulters were observed maximum for other staff (78.8%) and housekeeping staff (64.5%). Discussion: The hospital infection control and prevention unit at our institute was earmarked as designated centre for HBV vaccination campaign, which was instrumental in implementing the various components of the multimodal interventions such as making the resources (vaccines and titre testing) available free-of-cost, mandatory induction vaccination of HCWs at the timing of joining, educational intervention and conducting several vaccination camps such as department-specific on-site camps and student camps (at the time of joining). Conclusions: The authors urge to implementation of a mandatory national policy for HBV immunisation amongst HCWs, which will result in their protection from contracting the virus from occupational exposures.","PeriodicalId":310565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122306915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the molecular SARS-CoV-2 rapid test and its use in triaging hospital admissions in the emergency room","authors":"S. Krishna, Ajitha Pillai, H. Rao, WD Mohan, Mahendra Kumar","doi":"10.4103/jpsic.jpsic_1_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpsic.jpsic_1_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A false-negative rapid antigen test of COVID-19 in healthcare settings not only causes delays in diagnosis, isolation and treatment but also leads to failures in the infection prevention and control practices of the hospital. Objectives: The study objective was to assess the diagnostic performance of ID NOW (Rapid polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) as a COVID-19 triage tool for medical admissions from the emergency room (ER) of our medium-sized tertiary hospital. Methodology: Molecular laboratory data with valid ID NOW and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) real time results were collected from February to September 2022 of patients presenting with symptoms of influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infections at ER. The diagnostic accuracy of ID NOW (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value) was calculated against the laboratory's reference standard RT-PCR test. Results: A total of 153 patients were tested both by ID NOW and RT-PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of the ID NOW assay were 96% (95% confidence interval [CI] 92.49% to 98.92%) and 96.7% (95% CI 91.71% to 98.56%), respectively. Conclusion: ID NOW provided a rapid and reliable adjunct for the safe triage of patients with COVID-19 at our centre and can work effectively when integrated into a COVID-19 triage algorithm of the hospital. Diagnostic stewardship can pave the way for better infection control practices of hospitals.","PeriodicalId":310565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134541112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why is strict monitoring of hand hygiene required for patient safety in hospitals?","authors":"Sahjid Mukhida, Sameena Khan, Rajashri Patil, Sriram Kannuri, N. Das","doi":"10.4103/jpsic.jpsic_5_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpsic.jpsic_5_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":310565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132907208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standard precautions: Its importance before, during and after a COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Sahjid Mukhida, Sameena Khan, Rajashri Patil, N. Das","doi":"10.4103/jpsic.jpsic_8_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpsic.jpsic_8_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":310565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116521285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of characteristics, clinical relevance and outcome of ventilator associated pneumonia and ventilator associated events algorithm","authors":"N. Sahni, M. Biswal, K. Kaur, A. Bandyopadhyay, V. Saini, Lakshmi Narayana Yaddanapudi","doi":"10.4103/jpsic.jpsic_8_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpsic.jpsic_8_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Surveillance for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) has long been a challenge because of the lack of objective, reliable definitions. Hence, National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) has introduced ventilator-associated events (VAEs) as a surveillance definition. While VAE identifies all the possible complications in a mechanically ventilated patient, VAP recognises only the infective complications. There are several retrospective studies reporting no concordance between the occurrence of VAE and VAP. A prospective, observational study in medical intensive care unit (ICU) was conducted over 1 year with the objective of comparing all three tiers of VAE, which are ventilator-associated condition (VAC), infection-related ventilator-associated complication (iVAC) and possible VAP (PVAP), along with VAP in terms of predictive value, characteristics and clinical relevance. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted from July 2018 to June 2019 at PGIMER, Chandigarh, in a 12-bedded medical ICU. All patients with more than 48 h of mechanical ventilation (MV) were included. The demographic data, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II at 24 h of admission, days of MV, length of ICU stay and outcome of patients were recorded. The patients were screened for both VAP and VAE. Results: Out of a total of 405 patients, 274 patients were included with 3945 patient days and 3330 MV days. The incidence of VAP, VAC, iVAC and PVAP was 6.91, 8.41, 5.41 and 1.50/1000 ventilator days, respectively. Kendall's W-test showed that there was no concordance between VAP and VAE. Conclusion: The study concluded no concordance between cases identified as VAE and VAP.","PeriodicalId":310565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115753651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on the understanding of sterilisation in the central sterile services department by the healthcare personnel in a tertiary care hospital in Sikkim","authors":"S. Subba","doi":"10.4103/jpsic.jpsic_24_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpsic.jpsic_24_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Globally, hundreds of millions of people are affected every year by avoidable infections in healthcare (healthcare-associated infections, [HAIs]). Through knowledge, best practices and infection prevention and control (IPC), we can prevent HAI to patients and health workers. Following recent threats caused by widespread epidemics and increasing awareness about the spread of antimicrobial resistance, several countries are paying more attention and investing resources to strengthening IPC infrastructures and improving practices. Objective: The objective was to assess the practices by the healthcare staff regarding the sterilisation process in the central sterilisation service department (CSSD) and to bring about improvements in the practices in the hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted where the healthcare staff were given a set of questionnaires on sterilisation in the CSSD. The staff who participated in the study included doctors, intensive care unit nursing staff, infection control nurses, operation theatre nursing staff, CSSD staff and outpatient department nursing staff. Results: The questionnaire was administered to 120 health staff. All the staff agreed that instruments should be cleaned at the source. The majority of the participants (82%) believed that medical devices should be reprocessed centrally in CSSD; however, very few of them (18%) have felt otherwise. Almost 70% of staff did not know about the indicators used in CSSD and the zones in CSSD. The expiry date of the items once received from CSSD, 60% said it is not mentioned on the pack and 40% of participants agreed that it is mentioned on the pack. Conclusion: The processes of sterilisation and decontamination are complex, require specific infrastructure and equipment and involve several steps that need to be correct, from device collection, receipt by the unit, processing, storage and distribution them throughout the facility. Quality control measures to evaluate the proper functioning of the equipment are of the utmost importance.","PeriodicalId":310565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129180629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is reuse of surgical and N95 masks dangerous? An opinion","authors":"Sahjid Mukhida, Deepu Palal, C. Vyawahare, Vikrambhai Mali, N. Das","doi":"10.4103/jpsic.jpsic_34_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpsic.jpsic_34_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":310565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121722650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}