Autizm i narushenie razvitiia最新文献

{"title":"The Problem of Attitude Normally Developing Adolescents to Inclusive Health Improvement","authors":"","doi":"10.17759/autdd.2023210305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/autdd.2023210305","url":null,"abstract":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Objectives. </strong>Health improvement in an inclusive environment allows adolescents with special needs not only to improve their health, but also promotes their socialization and integration. Normally developing adolescents have another opportunity to make new friends and to develop the most important quality &amp;mdash; tolerance. The attitude of normally developing adolescents to inclusive health improvement in the conditions of summer country camps in the Republic of Belarus was studied in order to determine the characteristics of the formation of an inclusive culture.&amp;nbsp;</p> <p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Methods.&amp;nbsp;</strong>The empirical study involved adolescent children (N=412), a total of 263 girls and 149 boys, who underwent health improvement in nine summer camps in the Republic of Belarus. Age of respondents: 13&amp;mdash;16 years. We used the author&amp;rsquo;s questionnaire, which includes the following content blocks: understanding the importance of inclusive health improvement, readiness for health improvement, experience of interaction with children with special needs, problems of joint health improvement.</p> <p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Results.&amp;nbsp;</strong>Half of the adolescents surveyed recognize the importance of inclusive health improvement, but only 20% expressed their willingness to participate in it. The respondents identified non-acceptance and negative attitudes from peers, problems in communication and interaction as the main difficulties for the child with special needs. The majority of participants (90%) do not have regular experience of communicating with children with special needs, and 27% of adolescents identify the expected difficulties in communication as the main obstacle. None of the adolescents who participated in the study wrote about their negative attitude towards children with special needs, but 44% assume that others will offend such peers.</p> <p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Conclusions.&amp;nbsp;</strong>Participants in children&amp;rsquo;s health camps of adolescence generally have a positive attitude towards the idea of inclusive shifts, while their personal unpreparedness for inclusive health can be explained by the lack of experience interacting with children with special needs. 44% of adolescents have an unclear attitude towards inclusion and children with special needs, and competent educational work on the part of teachers will help change this attitude to a positive one, increasing an inclusive culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":31037,"journal":{"name":"Autizm i narushenie razvitiia","volume":"41 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136133881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of Emotional Burnout in Teachers Working with Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders","authors":"S.M. Valyavko, A.I. Shebalkova","doi":"10.17759/autdd.2023210109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/autdd.2023210109","url":null,"abstract":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In practice of inclusive education teacher emotional burnout is a problem of the critical importance. Working with children with health disabilities requires a high level of competence and is associated with increased cognitive, emo&amp;shy;tional and communicative load. Emotional burnout is a state of physical, mental and emotional exhaustion that re&amp;shy;duces motivation and interest to work. The pilot study was conducted on teachers (N=40) aged 24-55 years in order to study the specifics of emotional burnout in teachers working with adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and working with healthy adolescents. The diagnostic methods are: V.V. Boyko &amp;laquo;The study of emotional burnout&amp;raquo;, multifactorial personality questionnaire 16 PF, S. Rosenzweig &amp;laquo;The study of frustration reactions&amp;raquo;. The predominance of emotional burnout in teachers working with ASD has been indicated. Significant correlations of emotional burnout with age, experience and some personal traits have been identified, that can help design a burnout prevention program for teachers, especially while working in the inclusive education system.</p>","PeriodicalId":31037,"journal":{"name":"Autizm i narushenie razvitiia","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134952457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech and Oral Discourse in a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Study of Spontaneous Bilingualism. Part I: Clinical and Anamnestic Evaluation","authors":"I. Balciuniene, A.N. Kornev","doi":"10.17759/autdd.2023210108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/autdd.2023210108","url":null,"abstract":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Impaired communication and speech behavior is considered to be one of the key manifestations of childhood autism. At the same time speech disorders in children with autism have not been sufficiently studied. In a meta-analysis of the modern studies of autism, we present different theories explaining relations between the childhood autism and im&amp;shy;pairments in verbal communication; among others, we focus mainly on semantic-pragmatic and structural-functional levels of speech; spontaneous bilingualism is also discussed. The study describes in detail a case of childhood autism in a Lithuanian-speaking boy D., followed for 6 years. The uniqueness of the given case is that at the very early age D. started demonstrating a preference of English for his native language. Moreover, he learned English exclusively on the basis of media resources found on the Internet by his parents (at his request) and himself. The paper (Part 1) includes detailed information on how verbal communication is formed and data of assessments carried out by a multi&amp;shy;disciplinary group of experts as well as several post-testings by a psychologist and speech-language pathologist.</p>","PeriodicalId":31037,"journal":{"name":"Autizm i narushenie razvitiia","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134952455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building Communicative and Social Skills in an Adolescent with ASD Using Electronic Technologies (Gadgets)","authors":"A.R. Burtseva, S.S. Andreev","doi":"10.17759/autdd.2023210104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/autdd.2023210104","url":null,"abstract":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The use of mobile technologies in the field of behavioral intervention in children and adolescents with ASD is becoming an increasingly common strategy. Smartphones, tablets, laptops, etc. allow specialists to create a highly motivating environment, as well as to provide the most accessible and comfortable format for giving information, which has a beneficial effect on the quality of behavioral interventions. In September 2021 on the basis of the Dobry resource center, which provides comprehensive support for families raising children with ASD, the CyberNETiki project was implemented, aimed at teaching adolescents with ASD to communicate in an Internet chat. This article details the project&amp;rsquo;s methodology and primary results using student N data as an example. It also demonstrates an example of a short preliminary parental questionnaire designed to measure the level of gadget proficiency among adolescents with ASD. Our results show that the use of computer-mediated communication methods can be highly motivational and effective for developing literacy, speech and communication skills. It was revealed that teaching communication in a group format (online chat) can further contribute to improving adolescents&amp;rsquo; communication skills due to peer imitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":31037,"journal":{"name":"Autizm i narushenie razvitiia","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134952458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Writing and Adapting Medicine-Related Texts for People with Autism Using “Social Stories” аnd “Easy Language” Methods","authors":"A.S. Kolganova, A.V. Obuhova","doi":"10.17759/autdd.2023210102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/autdd.2023210102","url":null,"abstract":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Currently, much attention is being paid to creating an accessible environment for various groups of people such as people with disabilities, the elderly, children and people for whom Russian is not native language. One of the most im- portant areas is adaptation of information materials on various topics. Providing accessible information about medical services can make medical visits much easier for a wide range of people, including those with autism spectrum dis- orders (ASD), who have difficulty understanding textual information due to mental, sensory, and other disabilities. Due to the fact that people with ASD do not always understand verbal information (both spoken and written), text materials for them need to be adapted. One of the methods to make text easier to understand is &amp;ldquo;Easy Language&amp;rdquo;. This method includes rules for creating and adapting textual and graphic information, making them accessible to a wide range of readers who have difficulties in understanding information. Another method developed to improve social skills and understanding of social situations in people with autism is &amp;ldquo;Social Stories&amp;rdquo;. This method combines techniques of visual support of textual materials. Social stories are short stories on a particular topic (most often accompanied by illustrations). Their main goal is to inform readers about characteristics of a specific phenomenon or situation, as well as about the ways of behavior in this situation. The article presents the experience of combining &amp;ldquo;Social Stories&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;Easy Language&amp;rdquo; methods as part of work to adapt informational medical texts for people with autism spectrum disorders. The work was carried out by specialists of the Moscow Center for Psychology and Educa- tion. Individual excerpts of social stories are used as an example to illustrate some rules of &amp;ldquo;Easy language&amp;rdquo; method.</p>","PeriodicalId":31037,"journal":{"name":"Autizm i narushenie razvitiia","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134952453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of the PECS IV+ Alternative Communications System Digital App","authors":"O.A. Popova","doi":"10.17759/autdd.2023210105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/autdd.2023210105","url":null,"abstract":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">PECS (Picture Exchange Communication System) was created and used to work with children and adults who have ASD and other social and communicative needs, or those who have lost speech due to various injuries or medical conditions. The stages of PECS training are briefly described. The description of the digital communicative voice-speaking device PECS IV+, intended for users with severe speech disorders, is presented. The conditions for the transition from the traditional version of PECS to digital are discussed (for example, undeveloped speech, the student&amp;rsquo;s vocabulary is more than 50 words in the form of images). The principles for choosing the digital device and the algorithm for the protocol for teaching a PECS user to switch to an electronic voice-speaking device are listed. The article uses materials from several scientific studies that describe the design of the application and its practical use. Through sequential learning using the PECS protocol, the stu&amp;shy;dent&amp;rsquo;s vocabulary can be significantly increased, and there is a need to move from the traditional paper version to electronic devices, which are more convenient to store an ever-increasing number of words. The PECS IV+ electronic communicative voice-speaking device allows the user to improve such communication parameters as speed, length of statements, complexity of phrase structures, the ability to sound out words using an electronic voice carrier. Recommendations are given for adults to use the PECS IV+ device, the most important of which is to create communication opportunities as often as possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":31037,"journal":{"name":"Autizm i narushenie razvitiia","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134952451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ensuring the Participation of the Individuals with Mental Disorders and Speech Disabilities in the Skills and Capabilities Evaluation using Methods of Augmentative and Alternative Communication","authors":"O.V. Karanevskaya, M.E. Sisneva","doi":"10.17759/autdd.2023210103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/autdd.2023210103","url":null,"abstract":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Determination of skills and capabilities of the individuals with mental disorders and speech disabilities is an impor&amp;shy;tant task for specialists. At the experimental stage, 50 respondents were interviewed to reveal the possibilities of their participation in the follow-up evaluation of the independent living skills and level of required support. The methods of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) and visual support were used. The study of the process of development of special conditions for the interview was carried out in the setting of psychoneurological residential institutions. We identified conditions, which are required for the participants: establishing of the primary contact, determining the communication means and the level of understanding of oral speech etc. Methods of directed obser&amp;shy;vation, learning game situations, and practical tasks were used. The case study method was used to analyze the opti&amp;shy;mal choice of AAC and visibility means. A productive contact was established with 92% of respondents, they agreed to participate in the interview. Full understanding of the interview&amp;rsquo;s objectives was achieved in 33% cases. 74% of respondents were able to complete the interview. It was determined that the development of special conditions for the participation of the respondents in an interview and the choice of AAС methods involves the following factors: assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the communicative abilities; available means of communication; pos&amp;shy;sibilities of using AAC symbols and teaching the respondents to use them etc. The results can be used in carrying out further stages of research to determine the skills and capabilities of persons who do not use speech as the main means of communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":31037,"journal":{"name":"Autizm i narushenie razvitiia","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134952452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information Accessibility for People with Mental Disabilities, Including Autism Spectrum Disorders","authors":"O.N. Vladimirova, N.P. Chistyakova, O.A. Miroshnichenkо","doi":"10.17759/autdd.2023210106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/autdd.2023210106","url":null,"abstract":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Identifying, assessing and overcoming informational barriers that arise among people with mental disabilities, in&amp;shy;cluding autism spectrum disorders (ASD), during communication, attract attention of all participants of the reha&amp;shy;bilitation process. Approaches to create a unified communication space, considering the use of easy language and alternative ways of communication for people with mental disabilities, are based on the principles of the Conven&amp;shy;tion on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the categories of the International Classification of Function&amp;shy;ing, Disability and Health (ICF). Statistical data on increased number of people recognized as disabled for the first time due to mental disorders and autism in the Russian Federation were systematized by the staff of the St. Petersburg Institute of Advanced Medical Experts. These data substantiate the need to revise accessibility of ICF based information at two levels &amp;mdash; individual and social ones. Authors propose to develop a unified methodol&amp;shy;ogy of information accessibility, considering ICF provisions, including the legal ones. Given proposals are aimed at increasing informational accessibility for people with mental disabilities, including ASD. Authors emphasize that creating a unified national standard for the use of easy language for people with mental disabilities is one of the factors guaranteeing their civil rights.</p>","PeriodicalId":31037,"journal":{"name":"Autizm i narushenie razvitiia","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134952454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Means to Increase Texts Accessibility for Primary Schoolers with ASD during Teaching Process","authors":"O.V. Zagumennaya, P.L. Bogorad","doi":"10.17759/autdd.2023210101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/autdd.2023210101","url":null,"abstract":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often limited in understanding spoken and written language. To make texts accessible for children with ASD specialists use means that improve understanding of verbal or written information and make learning process more successful. The article discusses why children with ASD have difficulties in precepting and understanding textual information, for example, poor vocabulary, ignorance of words lexical meaning, misunderstanding of figurative language or hidden meaning behind words due to poor social experience. We present the main working areas to develop and improve speech understanding: improving reading skills, developing the ability to listen to an interlocutor, developing phrasal speech, forming initial grammatical representations, etc. The main text types that children encounter in the classroom are also listed, for example, instructions, rules, tasks, literary works. We also offer tools that facilitate working with texts, make them more accessible, and adapt to individual capabilities of students. We give practical recommendations that will be useful both to teachers working with students with ASD and their parents.</p>","PeriodicalId":31037,"journal":{"name":"Autizm i narushenie razvitiia","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134952450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Relationships within a Family Having a Child with Autism, and Family Relations with the Social Environment","authors":"S.A. Morozov, S.S. Morozova, N.V. Tarasova, S.G. Chigrina","doi":"10.17759/autdd.2023210110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/autdd.2023210110","url":null,"abstract":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The child&amp;rsquo;s autism significantly changes many areas of his family&amp;rsquo;s life and the family&amp;rsquo;s relationship with the social en&amp;shy;vironment. We studied how the presence of a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects relationships within the family, the interaction of such a family with relatives, friends, and strangers. A survey of parents of children with autism was conducted in 43 regions of the Russian Federation. The answers from 604 questionnaires to the questions were analyzed: &amp;ldquo;When it turned out that your child had ASD, how did this affect mutual understanding in the family? How did the next of kin, friends, react to this? How often is your child&amp;rsquo;s behavior perceived in public? &amp;ldquo;In all cases, the changes were different, but if positive reactions prevailed in the family, relatives and friends (45.1%, 67.1% and 61.5%, respectively), then outsiders reacted negatively in 68.2% of cases (avoidance, condemnation, rejection). It has been shown that the main cause of intra-family difficulties is the peculiarities of the child&amp;rsquo;s behavior, problems of up&amp;shy;bringing, a shortage of qualified assistance and &amp;mdash; to a much lesser extent &amp;mdash; financial problems. It was concluded that the difficulties of interaction with society increase as the range of social relations expands and are due to a low level of awareness of autism and related issues. Educational work and training of parents and family members of a child with ASD are considered as the main way to overcome the identified difficulties.</p>","PeriodicalId":31037,"journal":{"name":"Autizm i narushenie razvitiia","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134952449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}