Alchemy Journal of Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Characterization of Gelatin Profile of Chicken Broiler (Gallus domestica) Bone Using SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis","authors":"D. Yuliani, Dhienda Risa Awalsasi, A. Jannah","doi":"10.18860/AL.V7I1.7437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/AL.V7I1.7437","url":null,"abstract":"Gelatin, a proteinaceous additive, is obtained from hydrolysis of collagen in the bone, hide and skin of animals. As natural product, gelatin has been applied in many industries with various functions. This study attempt to characterize gelatin profile of broiler chicken (Gallus domestica) using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The chicken bone was pretreated using a strong base, sodium hydroxide, producing type B gelatin. The gelatin was purified through precipitation using the variation of ammonium sulfate concentrations (40-70%) and dialysis using cellophane membrane. The purified gelatin was characterized through SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Based on electrophoresis visualization, reduction of band intensity by ammonium sulfate 40% showed removal of small peptide fragments. The remained gelatin showed two major bands, α-chains and a β-chain with the respective molecular weight of ~135 and ~245 kDa. The protein content of the unpurified gelatin (E1) was 71.65±0.60 mg/L.  The purified E1 gelatins by 40-70% of ammonium sulfate addition contained 61.42±3.90, 60.45±1.36, 59.89±0.24, and 55.32±1.05 mg/L of protein concentration, respectively. Keywords: chicken bone, gelatin profile, protein electrophoresis","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78962587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analisis Kadar Timbal (Pb) pada Bedak Tabur dan Eyeshadow dengan Variasi Metode Destruksi dan Zat Pengoksidasi dengan Spektroskopi Serapan Atom","authors":"Diana Candra Dewi, R. Mahmudah, Oktrin Rustika Kumalawati, Diana Amalullia","doi":"10.18860/AL.V7I1.7016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/AL.V7I1.7016","url":null,"abstract":"<pre><span>Loose powder and eyeshadow are cosmetics often used by women in their daily activities. Some cosmetic products contain heavy metal in the composition.<em> </em></span><span lang=\"EN\">This study aims to determine the concentration of lead in the loose powder and eyeshadow both registered and unregistered at the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) in Malang. The destruction method used is wet digestion in the opened and closed systems with variations of oxidizing agents of HNO₃ and HClO₄. The concentration of lead was analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The results of destruction optimization on loose powder and eyeshadow showed wet digestion in closed system gave the best destruction results. The best oxidizing agent for both products is a mixture of HNO₃: HClO₄ (2: 1). Lead concentration in the loose powder product for samples A, B, C, D was </span><span>18.90±0.35, 19.10±0.46, 23.47±0.65 and 28.90±0.35</span><span lang=\"EN\">mg/Kg, respectively. Eyeshadow samples of E, F, G, and H contained lead concentrations were </span><span>25.67±1.76, 34.23±0.57, 45.30±0.56 and 45.90±1.78</span><span lang=\"EN\"> mg/Kg, respectively</span></pre><pre>Keywords: cosmetics, loose powder, eyeshadow, lead</pre><p class=\"BodyAbstract\"> </p><p class=\"BodyAbstract\"> </p><p class=\"BodyAbstract\">Bedak tabur dan eyeshadow merupakan kosmetik yang sering digunakan oleh wanita dalam kehidupaan sehari-hari. Beberapa produk kosmetik mengandung logam berat dalam komposisinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar timbal pada bedak tabur dan eyeshadow baik yang terdaftar dan tidak terdaftar di Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) di kota Malang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode destruksi basah (terbuka dan tertutup) dengan variasi zat pengoksidasi HNO₃ dan HClO₄. Kadar timbal dianalisis menggunakan spektroskopi serapan atom (SSA). Hasil optimasi desktruksi pada bedak tabur dan eyeshadow menunjukkan bahwa destruksi basah tertutup memberikan hasil destruksi terbaik. Adapun pengoksidasi terbaik untuk kedua produk tersebut adalah campuran HNO₃:HClO₄ (2:1). Kadar timbal bedak tabur pada sampel A, B, C, D masing-masing sebesar 18,90±0,35; 19,10±0,46; 23,47±0,65 dan 28,90±0,35 mg/Kg. Sampel eyeshadow E, F, G, dan H mengandung kadar timbal sebesar 25,67±1,76; 34,23±0,57; 45,30±0,56 dan 45,90±1,78 mg/Kg, berturut-turut.</p><p class=\"BodyAbstract\">Kata kunci: kosmetik, bedak tabur, eyeshadow, timbal</p>","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75676877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terapi Infusa Pekat Buah Pare (Momordica charantia L.) terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah dan SOD pada Ginjal Tikus DM Tipe 1","authors":"Nur Hasanah, H. Hasanah, H. Barroroh","doi":"10.18860/AL.V6I2.6762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/AL.V6I2.6762","url":null,"abstract":"Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) is one of the Cucurbitaceae families which is useful as traditional antidiabetic medicine. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an autoimmune disease indicated by increasing blood sugar levels. The aim of this study to determine the effect of concentrated infusions therapy of bitter melon fruit on blood glucose levels and SOD activity in three diabetic levels (low, medium, acute) in DM Type 1 of rat kidney. The doses of therapy used were 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, 0.80 and 1 mL/200 g body weight (BW). Blood sugar level was measured using enzymatic (glucose oxidase) method and SOD activity using NBT (Nitroblue tetrazolium) test. The results showed that the concentrated infusions therapy of bitter melon fruit was able to decrease blood glucose levels and increase the SOD activity of DM 1 in the rat kidney. The average ability of the therapy to reduce DM in low, medium, and acute level was 87.21, 84.5 and 55,56%, respectively. In 0.3 mL/200 g Bw dose, concentrated infusions therapy of bitter melon fruit reduced blood sugar level to all diabetes levels. The average value of concentrated infusions therapy of bitter melon fruit in increasing SOD activity was 144.76%. Keywords:  Diabetes mellitus, infuse, SOD (superoxide dismutase), bitter melon fruit (Momordica charantia L.) Buah pare (Momordica charantia L.) merupakan salah satu keluarga Cucurbitaceae yang bermanfaat sebagai obat tradisional, salah satunya untuk antidiabetes. Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan salah satu penyakit autoimun yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya kadar gula darah (KGD). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi infusa pekat buah pare terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan SOD pada tiga tingkat diabetes yaitu ringan, sedang dan akut pada ginjal tikus DM tipe 1. Dosis yang digunakan yakni 0,15; 0,30; 0,45; 0,60; 0,80; dan 1 mL/200 g BB. KGD diiukur dengan metode enzimatik (glukosa oksidase) dan aktivitas SOD diukur dengan uji NBT (Nitroblue tetrazolium). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terapi infusa pekat buah pare berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah dan peningkatan kadar SOD pada ginjal tikus DM 1. Kemampuan rata-rata terapi dalam menurunkan DM tingkat ringan, sedang, dan akut masing-masing sebesar 87,21; 84,5 dan 55,56%. Pada dosis 0,3 mL/200 g BB, terapi infusa pekat buah pare mampu menurunkan KGD terhadap seluruh tingkat DM. Kemampuan rata-rata infusa pekat buah pare dalam meningkatkan kadar SOD sebesar 144,76%. Kata Kunci: Diabetes mellitus, infusa, SOD (superoksida dismutase), buah pare (Momordica charantia L.)","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83341703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifikasi Senyawa Kuersetin dari Fraksi Etil Asetat Ekstrak Daun Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.)","authors":"Elly Rustanti, Qurrotu A’yunin Lathifah","doi":"10.18860/AL.V6I2.6768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/AL.V6I2.6768","url":null,"abstract":"Avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill.) have many benefits in our health because the leaves contain many secondary metabolites. One of the secondary metabolites in avocado leaves is quercetin. Quercetin is the largest compound of the flavonols group in which percentage of quercetin and its glycosides is 60-75% of total flavonoids. The purpose of this study was to isolate quercetin compounds from ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract of avocado leaves and to determine the presence of quercetin compounds in the avocado leaves. The leaves were extracted by maceration using 95% ethanol and fractionated with ethyl acetate. Identification of quercetin compounds using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The results of this study indicated that avocado leaf extract contained quercetin compounds with a retention time of 5.83 minutes with molecular weight m/z = 300.50-301.50 [M-H]+. Keywords: Avocado leaves, quercetin, LC-MS  Daun alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) banyak memiliki kegunaan dalam kesehatan karena mengandung banyak metabolit sekunder. Salah satu metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam daun alpukat adalah kuersetin. Kuersetin adalah senyawa kelompok flavonol terbesar yang mana kuersetin dan glikosidanya berada dalam jumlah sekitar 60-75% dari flavonoid. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengisolasi senyawa kuersetin dari fraksi etil asetat dari ekstrak etanol daun alpukat dan untuk mengetahui adanya senyawa kuersetin dalam daun alpukat. Daun alpukat diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 95% dan difraksinasi dengan etil asetat. Identifikasi senyawa kuersetin dengan menggunakan kromatografi cair-spektrometri massa (KC-SM). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam ekstrak daun alpukat mengandung senyawa kuersetin dengan waktu retensi 5,83 menit dengan berat molekul m/z= 300,50-301,50 [M-H]+. Kata kunci: Daun alpukat, kuersetin, KC-SM","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80638798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorpsi Logam Ni dan Cu pada Limbah Cair Laboratorium Kimia menggunakan Biosorben Batang Jagung Termodifikasi Asam Sitrat","authors":"Eny Yulianti, Rif'atul Mahmudah, Ainul Ma’rifah, Ulal Azmiyani","doi":"10.18860/al.v7i1.7933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v7i1.7933","url":null,"abstract":"Corn stalk contains 40-50% cellulose, 20-40% hemicellulose, 4-15% lignin which had potential as biosorbent in binding metal ions. In this study, demineralization and modification by adding citric acid (1.5 M and 2 M) of corn stalk were conducted to convert hydroxyl groups into carboxylic. Then, it was analyzed its functional groups using Boehm titration and FTIR. The modified corn stalk was applied directly to chemical laboratory liquid waste which contains multicomponent of heavy metal ions. By modifying the corn stalk, the number of hydroxyl and carboxylic groups increased, but the number of lactone group was constant. The success of the modification was characterized by the appearance of ester uptake at 1734 cm-1 and increased adsorption ability. The variations in the concentration of citric acid in modification corn stalk showed that biosorbent with addition 1.5 M citric acid had higher in the number of acid site than addition 2 M citric acid to absorb Ni and Cu.  Keywords: Corn stalk, citric acid, biosorbent, functional group  Batang jagung mengandung sekitar 40-50% selulosa, 20-40% hemiselulosa, 4-15% lignin yang berpotensi sebagai biosorben pengikat ion logam. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan demineralisasi dan modifikasi dengan penambahan asam sitrat (1,5 M dan 2 M) untuk mengubah gugus hidroksil pada selulosa membentuk karboksilat. Selanjutnya, dianalisis gugus fungsinya menggunakan titrasi Boehm dan FTIR. Hasil modifikasi diaplikasikan langsung pada limbah cair laboratorium kimia yang mengandung banyak jenis ion logam berat. Biosorben batang jagung setelah dimodifikasi mengalami peningkatan jumlah gugus fungsi hidroksil dan karboksilat, tetapi gugus lakton tetap. Keberhasilan modifikasi ditandai dengan munculnya serapan ester pada 1734 cm-1 dan peningkatan kemampuan adsorpsi. Dari hasil variasi konsentrasi asam sitrat diperoleh informasi bahwa biosorben dengan penambahan asam sitrat 1,5 M mempunyai situs asam lebih tinggi dan mempunyai kemampuan adsorpsi terhadap ion logam Ni dan Cu lebih besar dibanding penambahan asam sitrat 2 M. Kata kunci:  Batang jagung, asam sitrat, biosorben, gugus fungsi","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75321863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak n-Heksana, Etil Asetat, Metanol Daun dan Akar Bakau Merah (Rhyzophora stylosa) dengan Metode DPPH","authors":"Ahmad Hanapi, A. Fasya, Abdan Syakuro","doi":"10.18860/al.v7i1.7934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v7i1.7934","url":null,"abstract":"Red mangrove (Rhizophora stylosa) is one of the mangrove species which is abundance in the coast of Java. The mangrove contains a lot of active compounds that is potent as antioxidant. The objective of this study was to determine antioxidant activity of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract of red mangrove leaves and roots using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. Active compound extraction of red mangrove is conducted by gradual maceration. According to phytochemical analysis, crude root extract showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, and steroids/triterpenoids, while crude leave extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids/triterpenoids. EC50 value of methanol extract from red mangrove leaves and roots was 5.01 and 2.55 ppm, respectively, whilst of ethyl acetate extracts from red mangrove leaves and roots was 89.94 and 8.51 ppm, respectively. Crude extract n-hexane has antioxidant activity 33.14 ppm (EC50). Roots and leaves extracts have high activity of antioxidant. Keywords: Antioxidant, red mangrove, DPPH method  Bakau merah (Rhizophora stylosa) merupakan salah satu spesies bakau yang keberadaannya sangat melimpah di pesisir pantai Pulau Jawa dan mengandung banyak senyawa aktif yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktifitas antioksidan ekstrak n-heksana, etil-asetat, metanol pada akar dan daun bakau merah menggunakan metode DPPH. Ekstraksi senyawa aktif pada akar dan daun dilakukan dengan metode maserasi bertingkat menggunakan n-heksana, etil asetat dan metanol. Ekstrak kasar dilakukan uji fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidannya menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil). Hasil pengujian fitokimia dari ekstrak kasar akar menunjukkan adanya senyawa flavonoid, tanin, dan steroid/triterpenoid, sedangkan ekstrak kasar daun menunjukkan adanya alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan steroid/triterpenoid. Nilai EC50 (Efficient Concentration) ekstrak metanol daun dan akar berturut-turut sebesar 5,01 dan 2,55 ppm, sedangkan ekstrak etil-asetat daun dan akar berturut-turut sebesar 89,94 dan 8,51 ppm. Adapun ekstrak n-heksana daun menghasilkan nilai EC50 sebesar 33,14 ppm. Ekstrak akar dan daun bakau merah memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi. Kata kunci: Antioksidan, bakau merah, metode DPPH","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85837220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2/Zeolite Synthesized using Sol-Gel Method","authors":"N. Aini, Fahmi Eksa Sagita, Khoridatud Diyanah, A. Arifah, S. N. Chasanah, A. Prasetyo","doi":"10.18860/al.v7i1.8168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v7i1.8168","url":null,"abstract":"<p class=\"BodyAbstract\">Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is supported into natural zeolite to enhance its photocatalytic activity. TiO₂/zeolite is synthesized using sol-gel method at composition ratio of 5:95; 10:90; 20:80 and 30:70%. Structural properties are measured by X-ray diffraction showed TiO₂/zeolite in various composition has characteristic of anatase and modernite phase. The energy dispersive spectroscopy characterization shows TiO₂/zeolite containing Ti element which indicates that TiO₂_is successfully supported into natural zeolite_.Vibration mode of Infrared and Raman spectra tend shifted to higher wavenumber as increasing of TiO₂ content indicating the higher energy vibration due to molecular interaction between TiO₂ and zeolite. Photocatalytic activity test toward methylene blue degradation shows that TiO₂/zeolite has higher activity than TiO₂ and zeolite itself.</p><p class=\"BodyAbstract\">Keywords: Photocatalyst, titanium dioxide, zeolite<em></em></p>","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79586382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pemisahan Senyawa Aktif Fraksi Petroleum Eter dan Etil Asetat Hasil Hidrolisis Ekstrak Etanol Hydrilla verticillata dari Ranu Grati Pasuruan","authors":"Suci Amalia, A. Fasya, Faiqotul Hasanah, Dewi Yuliani","doi":"10.18860/AL.V6I2.7014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/AL.V6I2.7014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><em><span lang=\"EN\">Hydrilla verticillata</span></em><span lang=\"EN\"> is one of water plants that has some bioactivities. The </span>presence of secondary metabolites in <em>H. verticillata</em> is responsible for the bioactivity. The purpose of this study was to determine and separate bioactive compounds from fraction of petroleum ether (PE) and ethyl acetate (EA) as a result of hydrolysis of <em>H. verticillata</em> ethanol extract. <em>H. verticillata</em> was extracted by maceration method using ethanol solvent, hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid and partitioned respectively with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. Crude ethanol extract, PE and EA fraction were identified their secondary metabolites. The phytochemical test results showed <em>H. verticillata</em> ethanol extract containing alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids, and steroids. PE fraction contained steroids and terpenoids, while EA fraction contained flavonoids, steroids, and triterpenoids. Analytical thin layer chromatography analysis showed n-hexane : ethyl acetate (4: 1) eluent as the best mobile phase for separating steroids. The preparative thin layer chromatography analysis of <em>H. verticillata</em> fraction using n-hexane : ethyl acetate (8: 2) as mobile phase resulted in 17 and 14 spots of PE and EA fractions, respectively.</p><p>Keywords: <em>Hydrilla verticillata</em>, thin layer chromatography, phytochemicals<em></em></p><p> </p><p><em>Hydrilla verticillata</em> merupakan salah satu tanaman air yang banyak memiliki bioaktivitas. Adanya metabolit sekunder pada H. verticillata yang bertanggung jawab terhadap bioaktivitas ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui <span lang=\"IN\">dan memisahkan </span>senyawa aktif dari <span lang=\"IN\">fraksi petroleum eter</span> (PE) <span lang=\"IN\">dan etil asetat</span> (EA) <span lang=\"IN\">hasil hidrolisis </span>ekstrak <span lang=\"IN\">etanol </span>H. verticillata. Ekstrak diperoleh dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol, dihidrolisis dengan asam klorida dan dipartisi masing-masing dengan petroleum eter dan etil asetat. Ekstrak kasar etanol, fraksi PE dan EA diuji kandungan metabolit sekundernya. Hasil <span lang=\"IN\">u</span>ji fitokimia <span lang=\"IN\">menunjukkan </span>ekstrak<span lang=\"IN\"> etanol</span>H. verticillata mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, triterpenoid, dan steroid. Fraksi PE mengandung steroid dan terpenoid, sedangkan fraksi EA mengandung flavonoid, steroid, dan triterpenoid. Hasil analisis KLTA menunjukkan eluen n-heksana : etil asetat (4:1) sebagai fasa gerak terbaik untuk memisahkan steroid.Hasil analisis KLTP fraksi H. verticillatamenggunakan perbandingan fasa gerak n-heksana : etil asetat (8:2) menghasilkan spot fraksi PE dan EA berturut-turut sebanyak 17 dan 14 spot.</p><p><span>Kata Kunci: </span><em><span>Hydrilla verticillata</span></em><span>, kromatografi lapis tipis, uji </span><span lang=\"IN\">fitokimia</span></p>","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77686481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol 90% terhadap Kadar Malondialdehid (MDA) dan Superoksida Dismutase (SOD) Mencit Tikus yang Dipapar Asap Rokok","authors":"Sutrisno Adi Prayitno, Joni Kusnadi, Erni Sofia Muritni","doi":"10.18860/al.v6i1.5018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v6i1.5018","url":null,"abstract":"Cigarette smoke is a source of free radicals which cause human body organs damage when it is exposed. Cigarette smoke as a medium that causes oxidative stress that has the potential to cause oxidative damage. In addition, cigarette smoke also has potency to reduce SOD (Superoxide dismutase) levels and increase MDA (Malondialdehyde) levels especially in lung tissue. To control or prevent the presence of free radicals in the body, antioxidant compounds are needed by the body. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of the extract of red betle on SOD and MDA content of mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Red betle was extracted by maceration using ethanol. The exposed mice were treated with red betle extract for 14 days. Lung tissue of the mice was analyzed SOD and MDA conentrations. The results showed that SOD levels tend to increase and decrease MDA levels in mice test animals exposed to cigarette smoke. The optimal dose to decrease MDA levels and increase SOD is 230.4 mg/g weight/day. Histopatology result showed there is different figure of lung tissue (alveoli) before and after red betle extract treatment. Asap rokok adalah sumber radikal bebas yang dapat mengakibatkan rusaknya organ dalam tubuh manusia apabila terpapar. Asap rokok sebagai media penyebab terjadinya stress oksidatif yang berpotensi menyebabkan kerusakan oksidatif. Selain itu, asap rokok juga berpotensi dalam menurukan kadar SOD  (Superoksida Dismutase) dan meningkatkan kadar MDA (Malondialdehida) terutama pada jaringan paru. Untuk mengendalikan atau mencegah adanya radikal bebas ke dalam tubuh maka senyawa antioksidan dibutuhkan oleh tubuh. Tujuan penelitian adalah adalah mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun sirih merah terhadap kadar SOD dan MDA mencit yang dipapar asap rokok. Daun sirih merah diekstrak menggunakan metode maserasi. Mencit yang telah dipapar asap rokok diberi perlakuan ekstrak selama 14 hari. Jaringan paru-paru dianalisis kadar MDA dan SOD. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kadar SOD cenderung mengalami peningkatan dan kadar MDA mengalami penurunan pada hewan uji mencit yang dipapar asap rokok. Dosis yang paling optimal untuk menurunkan kadar MDA dan menaikan SOD adalah dosis 230,4 mg/g bb/hari. Hasil histopatologi menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan gambaran jaringan paru-paru (alveoli) sebelum dan setelah perlakuan ekstrak. ","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83713947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variasi Diameter Kolom dan Rasio Sampel-Silika pada Isolasi Steroid dan Triterpenoid Alga Merah Eucheuma cottonii dengan Kromatografi Kolom Basah","authors":"A. Fasya, Ariska Purwaning Tyas, F. Mubarokah, Rachmawati Ningsih, A. D. R. Madjid","doi":"10.18860/al.v6i2.7015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v6i2.7015","url":null,"abstract":"Optimizing steroid and triterpenes isolation from red algae Eucheuma cottonii was done using column chromatography by varying of column diameter (1, 1.5 and 2 cm) and a ratio of sample : silica (1:50, 1:100, and 1:150). Active compound of E. cottonii was extracted by maceration with methanol. Then, the extract was hydrolyzed using HCl 2 N and partitioned with petroleum ether. The extract after partitioned was separated using wet column chromatography. The result of separation was monitored using analytical thin layer chromatography (Analytical TLC) and identified using FTIR. The best separation was aimed using diameter column 1 cm and a ratio of sample : silica 1:150. Based on FTIR analysis, the steroid from extract had a functional group –OH, –C–H, C=O, -C(CH3)2, and C-OH alcohol and the triterpenoid from extract had a functional group –OH, C–H, C=O, C=C, -C(CH3)2 and C-OH alcohol.Keywords: E. cottonii, column chromatography, steroid, triterpenoid, column size, sample : gel silica ratio  Optimasi isolasi senyawa steroid dan triterpenoid dalam alga merah Euchema cottonii telah dilakukan menggunakan kromatografi kolom dengan variasi diameter kolom (1; 1,5; dan 2 cm) dan rasio sampel : silika (1:50; 1:100; dan 1:150). Ekstraksi senyawa aktif pada E. cottonii dilakukan dengan maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol. Ekstrak pekat metanol dihidrolisis menggunakan HCl 2 N dan dipartisi dengan petroleum eter. Hasil pemisahan dimonitoring menggunakan KLTA dan diidentifikasi menggunakan FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemisahan kromatografi kolom terbaik diperoleh dengan variasi diameter 1 cm dan variasi rasion sampel : silika 1:150. Hasil analisis senyawa steroid memberikan informasi gugus –OH, –C–H, C=O, -C(CH3)2, dan C-OH alkohol, sedangkan senyawa triterpenoid memberikan informasi gugus –OH, –C–H, C=O, C=C, -C(CH3)2 dan C-OH alkohol.Kata Kunci: E. cottonii, kromatografi kolom, steroid, triterpenoid, ukuran kolom, rasio sampel : silika gel","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86690613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}