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Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century最新文献

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Global Violence of Women in Cults 全球妇女在邪教中的暴力行为
Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0020
D. Whitsett, Natasha Post Rosow
{"title":"Global Violence of Women in Cults","authors":"D. Whitsett, Natasha Post Rosow","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0020","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on the experiences of women in high demand groups, also known as “cults.” Despite the chapter’s regional focus on North America, particularly the United States, this is a transnational phenomenon with satellite communities throughout the world. The chapter provides a brief history of cults in the United States and highlights the various abuses to which women are subjected, from psychological abuses such as medical neglect, loss of reproductive rights, separation from children, and attachment trauma to physical and sexual violence. The chapter also discusses legal obstacles to remedying these human rights violations, provides resources for assistance, and makes suggestions for advocacy.","PeriodicalId":309838,"journal":{"name":"Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116938164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Women’s Voices in Egypt and Globally 埃及及全球女性之声
Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0010
Gayle Kimball
{"title":"Women’s Voices in Egypt and Globally","authors":"Gayle Kimball","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reports on Egyptian feminist activism to make the experiences and thoughts of these feminists heard and empowered. The chapter quotes brave women who spoke up for gender equality from 1919 to 2018, in opposition to the censorship of state feminism, Islamic extremists, and the traditional belief that a woman’s place is in the home subordinate to her father or husband. Following feminist standpoint theory, grassroots feminist organizers were interviewed, including a teenager who participated in the front lines of the revolution of January 2011 that ousted President Hosni Mubarak. Interviewees were pessimistic about freedom under current president General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, whose government jails activists, even for social media posts. However, groups such as Girls Revolution and Young Egyptian Feminists League rely on the relative safety of social media to lobby for equal rights. The internet and cell phones provide women with the ability to organize from the safety of their homes, without scrutiny from police or family—a global phenomenon. With increased access to education and the internet, a “social nonmovement” is occurring, described by Iranian Asef Bayat as lifestyle rebellions that gradually create real change.","PeriodicalId":309838,"journal":{"name":"Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125554972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Female Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence in China 中国女性同性亲密伴侣暴力
Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0019
Ming Luo, T. Chiu
{"title":"Female Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence in China","authors":"Ming Luo, T. Chiu","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0019","url":null,"abstract":"Employing a transnational feminist approach of intersectionality, this chapter uses China as a case in point to discuss how systems of the state, culture, family, and gender intersect to sustain the hegemonic system of heteronormativity and create a multiple interlocking predicament for victims of female same-sex intimate partner violence (FSSIPV). Given that most existing research has been conducted in the West, this chapter highlights the importance of contextualization by outlining the distinct sociocultural and institutional factors that shape the experiences of battered lesbians in China. It argues that battered lesbians in China are trapped in a “triple closet”—in the abusive intimate relationship, in the intergenerational family, and in the hegemony of heteronormativity in the society—where they are culturally, institutionally, and socially marginalized. An LGBT cultural-sensitive framework is proposed to identify, intervene, and prevent FSSIPV and to advocate for the rights of LGBT in China.","PeriodicalId":309838,"journal":{"name":"Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128557168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Rural Girls’ Educational Empowerment in Urbanizing China 中国城市化进程中的农村女童教育赋权
Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0003
Vilma Seeberg, Ya Na, Yu Li, Debra Clark
{"title":"Rural Girls’ Educational Empowerment in Urbanizing China","authors":"Vilma Seeberg, Ya Na, Yu Li, Debra Clark","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary schooling may empower rural girls migrating to the cities in China to control resources, improve family well-being intergenerationally, and become leaders in their communities. Majority Han and minority Mongolian girls live in very different socioeconomic and policy environments, are affected by different schooling, have inherited different gendered cultural norms, and expect to thrive in different socioeconomic and political futures. Interviews exploring their aspirations and agency show that senior secondary schooling enables both Mongolian and Han girls to act forcefully on their own behalf but differences by ethnicity and socioeconomic location. Mongolian girls benefit from Mongolian traditions of valuing women more highly by developing greater independence compared to Han girls, who lack confidence compelled by Confucian patriarchal traditions. Mongolian girls foresee professional futures, although they worry about Mongolian language limitations; Han girls aspire to finding and keeping simple stable work. Implications for diverse educational and economic policies for the two regions are drawn.","PeriodicalId":309838,"journal":{"name":"Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128259848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Refugee Mothers Raising Children Born of Sexual Violence in Dutch Society 荷兰社会中的难民母亲抚养因性暴力而出生的孩子
Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0011
Kimberley Anderson, E. V. Ee
{"title":"Refugee Mothers Raising Children Born of Sexual Violence in Dutch Society","authors":"Kimberley Anderson, E. V. Ee","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"The physical and psychological repercussions of conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) against women are long-lasting and far-reaching, and it is by no accident that CRSV is now widely referred to as a “weapon of war.” Many women conceive a child as a result of CRSV, but due to long-standing customs and traditions in some conservative societies surrounding gender roles and sexuality, these mothers and children are highly stigmatized. Often in these situations, fleeing is the only option for them. Countries such as the Netherlands that host asylum seekers and refugees and provide psychological support are faced with the challenging task of addressing the intricate needs of mothers and children born of sexual violence. This chapter discusses the victimhood of these dyads, the challenges they face, and future directions for providing optimal care and treatment.","PeriodicalId":309838,"journal":{"name":"Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127240372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Women of Color in Academia 学术界的有色人种女性
Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0006
C. M. Bermudez, R. Camacho
{"title":"Women of Color in Academia","authors":"C. M. Bermudez, R. Camacho","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter addresses the intersecting roles of race and gender that impact the lives of women faculty of color. The authors explore the overt and covert acts of hostility that they experienced while co-teaching a graduate-level class and challenged the racism and sexism embodied by some of their students. White fragility speaks to a state in which some White people refuse to acknowledge the systemic nature of racism from which they benefit on a daily basis, instead redirecting attention toward their feelings of discomfort when confronted with their racist behaviors. Hegemonic masculinity speaks to the ways in which some men benefit from political, social, and economic systems that legitimize patriarchy and the subordination of women. These phenomena, rooted in colonialist and imperialist histories that transnational feminism works to destabilize, viscerally affect women of color in the academy.","PeriodicalId":309838,"journal":{"name":"Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116083874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Repressive Policies and Women’s Reproductive Choices in Poland 波兰的压迫政策和妇女的生育选择
Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0014
W. Nowicka, J. Regulska
{"title":"Repressive Policies and Women’s Reproductive Choices in Poland","authors":"W. Nowicka, J. Regulska","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews the history of women’s reproductive rights in Poland, starting with early 20th-century mobilizations, the de facto legalization of abortion during the communist era, and the post-1989 dramatic shift. It points to the cyclical nature of these struggles and mobilizations and also to the fact that they remain unresolved and are contested by both pro-choice and pro-life movements. The chapter examines these confrontations and shows how the alliance between state and church has produced a set of legal and moral controls over women’s bodies and shifted the power to decide away from women. It reviews restrictive legislation that has contributed to women’s and their families physical and emotional suffering and points to doctors’ complacency. It concludes that despite years of relentless pro-life pressure that has resulted in a change of public attitudes, women continue to resist, organize, and mobilize; thus, the struggle over women’s reproductive rights continues.","PeriodicalId":309838,"journal":{"name":"Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114826334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The US Military–Prostitution Complex, Patriarchy, and Masculinity 美国军队卖淫情结、父权制和男子气概
Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0023
E. Weiss, Annalisa Enrile
{"title":"The US Military–Prostitution Complex, Patriarchy, and Masculinity","authors":"E. Weiss, Annalisa Enrile","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0023","url":null,"abstract":"The US military–prostitution complex is a form of institutionalized sexual exploitation of women around American bases located worldwide. From the historical World War II “comfort women” in Japan to the Korean War “camptowns” used for service members’ rest and recreation and the current phenomena of global sex tourism and sex trafficking, the US military has played a role in not only imperialism and attempts at global domination but also the objectification of women. A feminist transnational perspective renders the patriarchy and hypermasculine military culture that involves an “othering” of women and examines the abuse of power in gender relations from an international and militaristic lens. Women, regardless of social and economic status, race/ethnicity, or nationality, can empower themselves to take action through various grassroots network organizations to resist militarism in its various forms, advocate for equity, and promote justice for women and girls worldwide.","PeriodicalId":309838,"journal":{"name":"Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116152311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inequity Embodied 不公平体现
Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0002
Tyan Parker Dominguez
{"title":"Inequity Embodied","authors":"Tyan Parker Dominguez","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines African American women’s disproportionate risk of low birth weight, preterm delivery, and infant and maternal mortality, and the ways in which race, gender, and class oppression create a unique matrix of stress burden that increases allostatic load (i.e., weathering or wear and tear on the body), thereby increasing risk for these adverse pregnancy-related outcomes. The chapter describes how traditional risk factors, such as health behavior, medical risk, and lower socioeconomic status, do not account for racial disparities in childbearing health, and it utilizes a stress paradigm for explaining how the intersectional burden of race, gender, and class inequity can affect African American pregnancy women. The chapter concludes by noting several mobilization efforts that are underway to eliminate health disparities in adverse birth outcomes by promoting health equity that is fair and just opportunities to be healthy.","PeriodicalId":309838,"journal":{"name":"Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133132987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rape as a Weapon of War in Myanmar/Burma 强奸在缅甸是一种战争武器
Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0016
Annalise Oatman, Karen Majewski
{"title":"Rape as a Weapon of War in Myanmar/Burma","authors":"Annalise Oatman, Karen Majewski","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0016","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the conflict in Myanmar and its historical development as an example of the way that rape is wielded as a weapon of war. It also provides a discussion of advocacy for the ethnic minority women of Myanmar at the grassroots, national, and international levels. It reviews statistics on conflict-related rape and theories regarding the social and political forces driving it. It examines the political history of Myanmar and the status of Myanmarese women. It also discusses the way that current conditions have set the stage for conflict-related rape in Myanmar and data on its prevalence. It discusses the extradition of the rapist of a 7-year-old girl, Myanmarese grassroots efforts to address this issue, and international proposals for reform. In addition, it discusses the way that the “legal culture” of a nation can get in the way of the enactment of international legislation.","PeriodicalId":309838,"journal":{"name":"Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116996999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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