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International journal of sport biomechanics最新文献

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Comparison of Impact Forces in High and Low Impact Aerobic Dance Movements 高、低冲击有氧舞蹈动作中冲击力的比较
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1990-02-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.6.1.67
M. Ricard, S. Veatch
{"title":"Comparison of Impact Forces in High and Low Impact Aerobic Dance Movements","authors":"M. Ricard, S. Veatch","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.6.1.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.6.1.67","url":null,"abstract":"This study compared impact forces and loading rates in a high and low impact aerobic dance movement. Five subjects each performed five trials of the low impact front knee lift (LFKL) and five trials of the high impact front knee lift (HFKL). The data were recorded using an AMTI force plate at 1,000 Hz. A repeated-measures ANOVA was used to test for differences in selected variables for the LFKL and HFKL. Peak impact force was significantly lower in the LFKL than the HFKL, mean 0.98 BW and 1.98 BW, respectively. Mean loading rate was significantly lower in the LFKL (14.38 BW/s) than the HFKL (42.55 BW/s). Mean impact impulse during the first 50 ms of impact was significantly lower in the LFKL (0.0131 BW•s) than the HFKL (0.0295 BW•s). Based upon these differences in external ground reaction forces, it appears that low impact front knee lifts impose a significantly lower load than high impact front knee lifts.","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129291694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 51
Measurement of Push-Off Force and Ice Friction during Speed Skating 速度滑冰中推离力和冰面摩擦力的测量
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1990-02-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.6.1.92
H. Jobse, R. Schuurhof, Ferenc Cserep, A. Schreurs, J. J. Koning
{"title":"Measurement of Push-Off Force and Ice Friction during Speed Skating","authors":"H. Jobse, R. Schuurhof, Ferenc Cserep, A. Schreurs, J. J. Koning","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.6.1.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.6.1.92","url":null,"abstract":"Portable equipment for active measurements of push-off force and ice friction was developed. The equipment consists of a pair of skates with three measuring elements between the shoe and the skate blade to register force in both fore/aft and normal direction. A portable computer samples the friction force and normal force signals during one or more strokes, calculates the mean coefficient of ice friction, and stores the sampled data in memory. The push-off force and ice friction force were measured. The peak push-off forces reach values of up to 140% of body weight. The magnitude of the coefficient of ice friction varies, depending on the weather conditions and preparatory method, generally between 0.003 and 0.007 when skating the straightaway. During the skating of the curves the coefficient of ice friction is 35% higher, most likely due to the different skating technique in the curves.","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116429919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
Finite Element Modeling of a Tennis Racket with Variable String Patterns and Tensions 具有可变弦型和张力的网球拍的有限元建模
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1990-02-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.6.1.78
M. Widing, M. Moeinzadeh
{"title":"Finite Element Modeling of a Tennis Racket with Variable String Patterns and Tensions","authors":"M. Widing, M. Moeinzadeh","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.6.1.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.6.1.78","url":null,"abstract":"Finite element techniques were applied in a model of a tennis racket. Linear curved elements were used on the frame of the racket. Nonlinear cable elements were used on the strings. The model allows changing material properties and frame geometry, as do traditional models. Unlike traditional models, however, this model has the flexibility to change the string pattern and string tensions, as the strings are modeled discretely. Sample runs revealed information on the relationship between racket parameters and racket behavior such as deformations, stresses, and reaction forces. The results of the model showed that increasing string tension decreases racket deformation as string tension stiffens the racket. Increased string tension also decreases maximum hand reaction forces but increases stresses.","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125966123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
The Torsion of the Foot in Running 跑步时脚的扭曲
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1989-11-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.5.4.375
A. Stacoff, X. Kaelin, E. Stuessi, B. Segesser
{"title":"The Torsion of the Foot in Running","authors":"A. Stacoff, X. Kaelin, E. Stuessi, B. Segesser","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.5.4.375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.5.4.375","url":null,"abstract":"In the research of running shoes, excessive pronation is often related to various running injuries. Anatomically, pronation is a movement that occurs in more than one joint. Previous investigations that evaluated the pronation in running studied the movements of the lower leg and the rearfoot only. However, pronation could also be influenced by the movement of the forefoot and therefore depend on the torsional stiffness of the foot and of the shoe sole. This study investigated the relationship between the torsion and the pronation in running with a rearfoot touchdown and with a forefoot touchdown. The results show that, compared to running barefoot, running with a shoe decreases torsion and thereby increases pronation significantly (p < 0.01) for the forefoot and rearfoot touchdown conditions. Thus the reduction of torsional movement due to stiff shoe soles could well be a reason for running injuries caused by excessive pronation. It is concluded that modern running shoes could be designed to allow a cert...","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116840587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 52
Three-Dimensional Interactions in a Two-Segment Kinetic Chain. Part II: Application to the Throwing Arm in Baseball Pitching 两段动力学链的三维相互作用。第二部分:投掷臂在棒球投球中的应用
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1989-11-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.5.4.420
M. E. Feltner
{"title":"Three-Dimensional Interactions in a Two-Segment Kinetic Chain. Part II: Application to the Throwing Arm in Baseball Pitching","authors":"M. E. Feltner","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.5.4.420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.5.4.420","url":null,"abstract":"Fastball pitches of eight collegiate baseball pitchers were filmed using the Direct Linear Transformation (DLT) method of three-dimensional (3D) cinematography. Coordinate data were obtained, and the model developed by Feltner and Dapena (1989) was used to fractionate the 3D angular acceleration of the upper arm and distal segment (the forearm, the hand, and prior to release, the baseball) of the throwing arm into terms associated with the joint torques exerted on the segments and the kinematic variables used to define the motions of the segments. The findings indicated that the extreme external rotation of the upper arm during the pitch was due mainly to the sequential actions of the horizontal adduction and abduction muscles at the shoulder. The study also found that the rapid elbow extension prior to ball release was due primarily to the counterclockwise angular velocity of the upper arm and trunk (viewed from above) that occurred during the pitch, and not to the elbow extensor muscles.","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"81 15","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120820821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 150
Vibration Damping of Tennis Rackets 网球拍的减振
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1989-11-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.5.4.451
H. Brody
{"title":"Vibration Damping of Tennis Rackets","authors":"H. Brody","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.5.4.451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.5.4.451","url":null,"abstract":"The inherent damping of vibrations in most tennis racket frames will only change their playing characteristics slightly. This is because the hand holding the racket damps out the oscillations in about 20 to 30 ms, which is much faster than the frame material itself, which damps the amplitude of the oscillation to half value in 180 to 750 ms, depending upon the racket.","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116036644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 47
Three-Dimensional Interactions in a Two-Segment Kinetic Chain. Part I: General Model 两段动力学链的三维相互作用。第一部分:一般模型
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1989-11-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.5.4.403
M. E. Feltner, J. Dapena
{"title":"Three-Dimensional Interactions in a Two-Segment Kinetic Chain. Part I: General Model","authors":"M. E. Feltner, J. Dapena","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.5.4.403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.5.4.403","url":null,"abstract":"The motion of a body segment is determined by joint torques and by the motions of the segments proximal or distal to it. This paper describes a three-dimensional model that was used to determine the effects of the shoulder and elbow joint torques and of the upper trunk and arm motions on the angular accelerations of the arm segments during baseball pitching. Equations were developed to fractionate the three-dimensional components of the angular acceleration vector of each segment into angular acceleration terms associated with the joint torques made on the segment, and into various “motion-dependent” angular acceleration terms associated with the kinematic variables of the arm segments. Analysis of the values of the various motion-dependent angular acceleration terms permitted the determination of their contributions to the motion of the segment. Although the model was developed to provide further understanding of the mechanics of the throwing arm during baseball pitching, it can be used to analyze any tw...","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127709556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 117
Bar Path and Force Profile Characteristics for Maximal and Submaximal Loads in the Bench Press 台式压力机中最大和次最大载荷的杆径和力轮廓特性
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1989-11-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.5.4.390
G. Wilson, B. Elliott, G. Kerr
{"title":"Bar Path and Force Profile Characteristics for Maximal and Submaximal Loads in the Bench Press","authors":"G. Wilson, B. Elliott, G. Kerr","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.5.4.390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.5.4.390","url":null,"abstract":"The bar movement characteristics of 10 elite powerlifters were analyzed while bench pressing a maximum load and a submaximal load in a simulated competition using high-speed cinematography. Significant differences in bar path and alterations to the general force profile of movement were evident as the load was increased. These movement discrepancies resulted in the following conclusions being drawn with reference to the bench press movement: (a) The movement pattern adopted during the performance of an 81 % maximum load was not specific to that which was utilized during the maximal load. (b) Based upon the concepts of specificity of training and testing, the use of the popular one-repetition maximum test to quantify strength changes derived from submaximal training appeared invalid. This occurrence is further accentuated when the testing protocol is conducted on a bench press machine. (c) The design of “isotonic” bench press machines appeared to be load specific. Further, the development of bench press ma...","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114499150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 49
Comparison of Film and Video Techniques for Three-Dimensional DLT Repredictions 三维DLT再预测的电影和视频技术比较
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1989-11-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.5.4.457
Patrick W. Kennedy, David L. Wright, Gerald A. Smith
{"title":"Comparison of Film and Video Techniques for Three-Dimensional DLT Repredictions","authors":"Patrick W. Kennedy, David L. Wright, Gerald A. Smith","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.5.4.457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.5.4.457","url":null,"abstract":"The precision of the kinematic values depends upon the methods of recording a subject’s motion. With the introduction of video recording techniques, questions have arisen concerning the accuracy of video compared with that of 16-mm film. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of the two techniques for point reprediction using the Direct Linear Transformation method. Range poles, serving as boundaries of a cube with 20 known spatial coordinates, were filmed and videotaped. The 20 control points on the film and video recordings were digitized by three individuals. Nine sets of digitized points (three digitizers × three trials) for both film and video were compared with the actual three-dimensional coordinate values. Resultant mean errors were statistically significantly different (p<.05), 4.8 mm and 5.8 mm for film and video, respectively. However, from a practical standpoint the video error was only .29% of the calibrated field compared to .24% for film. Thus it is concluded tha...","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121089213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Forces on the Hand in the Tennis Forehand Drive: Application of Force Sensing Resistors 网球正手击球时手上的力:力感电阻的应用
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1989-08-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.5.3.324
D. Knudson, S. White
{"title":"Forces on the Hand in the Tennis Forehand Drive: Application of Force Sensing Resistors","authors":"D. Knudson, S. White","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.5.3.324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.5.3.324","url":null,"abstract":"Two force sensing resistor force transducers were utilized to measure the forces on the hand of seven skilled tennis players performing the tennis forehand drive. Repeatable gripping force patterns were recorded for the subjects given the experimental protocol used for the study. The magnitude of the peak postimpact force on the hand was highly variable, ranging from 4 to 309 N, and was found to be related to high-frequency vibrations of the racket. There was less variability in the magnitude of preimpact gripping forces, indicating that the subjects utilized a consistent gripping pattern in preparation for impact. The large within- and between-subject variability of postimpact forces warrant further study in order to establish the range of loadings in tennis play that may be related to overuse injuries.","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129465536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 48
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