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International journal of sport biomechanics最新文献

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Development of a Model to Represent an Aluminum Springboard in Diving 跳水铝制跳板模型的建立
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1989-08-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.5.3.297
E. Sprigings, D. Stilling, L. G. Watson
{"title":"Development of a Model to Represent an Aluminum Springboard in Diving","authors":"E. Sprigings, D. Stilling, L. G. Watson","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.5.3.297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.5.3.297","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to develop a springboard model that could be used to predict, in future diving simulation studies, the vertical interaction forces between a diver’s feet and the board during the time of board depression and recoil. To achieve this, the characteristic parameters (effective mass, stiffness, and damping) for a Duraflex springboard were first examined using a finite element approach. The finite element results indicated that a linear model, consisting of a lumped mass and spring, could be used to simulate the actual dynamic behavior of a springboard system. The effects of damping on the board’s motion were found to be negligible and could safely be ignored. The values for the model’s parameters (board stiffness and effective board mass) were determined empirically and are reported in this paper.","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124410312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Power Patterns of the Leg during the Recovery Phase of the Sprinting Stride for Advanced and Intermediate Sprinters 高级和中级短跑运动员在冲刺步幅恢复阶段的腿部力量模式
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1989-08-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.5.3.332
V. Vardaxis, T. Hoshizaki
{"title":"Power Patterns of the Leg during the Recovery Phase of the Sprinting Stride for Advanced and Intermediate Sprinters","authors":"V. Vardaxis, T. Hoshizaki","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.5.3.332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.5.3.332","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes and interprets joint and segmental power patterns as functional characteristics of the leg movement in terms of generation, absorption, and transfer of power during the recovery phase of the sprinting stride. In addition, a comparison of the power patterns between advanced and intermediate sprinters was undertaken. Two advanced and two intermediate sprinters, each executing six trials of a 100-m dash, served as subjects. The results revealed that the power patterns for both the advanced and intermediate sprinters were similar in shape, depicting the same number of power phases. The hip joint musculature acted primarily as a power generator in comparison to the knee muscles, which acted mainly as absorbers (controllers) during the recovery phase of the sprinting stride. Differences between ability levels were identified using peak power values, with the advanced sprinters producing higher peak powers earlier in the recovery phase.","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125054135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 34
A Biomechanical Approach to Alpine Ski Binding Design 高山滑雪板绑扎设计的生物力学方法
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1989-08-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.5.3.308
G. Wunderly, M. Hull
{"title":"A Biomechanical Approach to Alpine Ski Binding Design","authors":"G. Wunderly, M. Hull","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.5.3.308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.5.3.308","url":null,"abstract":"A new approach to ski binding design is advanced. It begins with a release locus derived from injury mechanics research and knowledge of the expected loading conditions and then incorporates these into the final binding design. A mechanical ski binding designed by following the new approach is presented. This binding offers a number of performance features not found in commercially available designs. One feature is the ability to eliminate the axial force supported by the tibial shaft from affecting release in forward bending. A second feature is the binding’s ability to release according to virtually any preprogrammed locus of the combination of moments in both bending and torsion. A third feature is a release mechanism that is insensitive to the common frictional forces that affect the release consistency of conventional heel/toe bindings. In addition to these features, the binding offers a variety of operational conveniences. The presentation of the binding not only describes the design details but als...","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132545898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Biomechanical Comparison of the Multisegment and Single Unit Topspin Forehand Drives in Tennis 网球多节段和单节段正手上旋球的生物力学比较
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1989-08-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.5.3.350
B. Elliott, T. Marsh, Peter Overheu
{"title":"A Biomechanical Comparison of the Multisegment and Single Unit Topspin Forehand Drives in Tennis","authors":"B. Elliott, T. Marsh, Peter Overheu","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.5.3.350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.5.3.350","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional (3-D) high-speed photography was used to compare different forehand techniques of high performance players. Subjects, who hit a topspin forehand drive with the hitting limb moving almost as a single unit (Gs: single-unit group), were compared with players whose individual segments of the upper limb moved relative to each other (Gm: multisegment group) when playing the same stroke. The Direct Linear Transformation method was used for 3-D space reconstruction from 2-D images recorded from laterally placed phase-locked cameras operating at 200 fps. A third Photosonics camera operating at 100 fps filmed from overhead. Significant differences between the groups were recorded at the shoulder and elbow joints at the completion of the backswing. Maximal elbow joint angular velocities occurred 0.06 sec prior to impact, with the Gm group recording a significantly higher mean value for elbow extension than the Gs group. At impact, however, the Gm group recorded a significantly higher level of elbow...","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126862815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 100
Comparative Assessment of Novel Sailing Trapeze Harness Designs 新型帆船吊具设计的比较评价
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1989-08-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.5.3.289
S. Hall, J. Kent, Vern Dickinson
{"title":"Comparative Assessment of Novel Sailing Trapeze Harness Designs","authors":"S. Hall, J. Kent, Vern Dickinson","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.5.3.289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.5.3.289","url":null,"abstract":"Prolonged trapezing during sailing often results in low back pain among elite sailors. Modifications of the trapeze harness have been proposed as one approach to ameliorating this problem. To evaluate six harnesses incorporating novel features that had tested well during pilot work, myoelectric activity was monitored at C5, T6, and L5 levels of sacrospinalis and at an abdominal site while five elite sailors wore the harnesses. Integrated EMG (IEMG) values were stored by a microcomputer at periodic intervals during each 10-min trial, as each subject maintained a static horizontal trapezing position in the laboratory. Factorial repeated-measures ANOVA indicated no change in IEMG values over time, but significant (p<0.001) differences among harnesses at all four electrode sites. Features of trapeze harness design that appear to minimize muscular tension include heavy, rigid padding throughout the harness, full-length shoulder-to-buttocks support of the trunk, and adjustable leg strap supports as opposed to a...","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121903247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Analysis of V1 Skating Technique of Olympic Cross-Country Skiers 奥运会越野滑雪运动员V1滑技术分析
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1989-05-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.5.2.185
Gerald A. Smith, R. C. Nelson, Adam Feldman, J. Rankinen
{"title":"Analysis of V1 Skating Technique of Olympic Cross-Country Skiers","authors":"Gerald A. Smith, R. C. Nelson, Adam Feldman, J. Rankinen","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.5.2.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.5.2.185","url":null,"abstract":"The alternate stride or V1 skate technique was the predominant skiing method used in the free technique races of the 1988 Calgary Games. High-speed films were recorded of two free technique races: the Men’s 50 K and the Ladies' 20 K. A moderate and a steep uphill were sites of the filming, and both temporal and kinematic analyses were made. Times for a complete skating cycle tended to decrease on the steep hill (cycle rate increased). Cycle temporal proportions shifted to longer poling and recovery phases while the skating phases shortened on the steeper terrain. Mean cycle velocities (CV), cycle lengths (CL), and cycle rates (CR) were determined. Differences in kinematic relationships were noted: Male skiers included both those who emphasized CL to maximize CV and those who emphasized CR; females were relatively more consistent in emphasis on CR. In either case, center of mass (CM) motions were related to CR and CL. Increased lateral motion of CM tended to increase CL while decreasing CR. Ski edging angl...","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123477425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 40
Work per Stroke and Stroke Frequency Regulation in Olympic Speed Skating 奥运会速度滑冰的每次动作和动作频率调节
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1989-05-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.5.2.135
R. D. Boer, K. Nilsen
{"title":"Work per Stroke and Stroke Frequency Regulation in Olympic Speed Skating","authors":"R. D. Boer, K. Nilsen","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.5.2.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.5.2.135","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanics of speed skating the curves is described in a mathematical model, using the sideward push-off characteristics of the propulsion and the cyclic nature of the movement. Theoretical and experimental relations between mechanical work per stroke, stroke frequency, and speed were studied with Olympic speed skaters. High-speed film and video measurements collected at the 1988 Winter Olympic Games in Calgary provided the basic experimental data. Because of the ideal external conditions (indoor Olympic Oval) and the large numbers of optimally prepared specialists participating, unique scientific results on technical aspects of speed skating could be obtained. Statistical analysis and theoretical considerations showed that stroke frequency can be judged as the major regulator of speed. Unexpectedly, it was not possible to detect changes in speed within one lap.","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116489854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Three-Dimensional Bobsled Turning Dynamics 三维雪橇转弯动力学
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1989-05-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.5.2.222
M. Hubbard, Michael Kallay, P. Rowhani
{"title":"Three-Dimensional Bobsled Turning Dynamics","authors":"M. Hubbard, Michael Kallay, P. Rowhani","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.5.2.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.5.2.222","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a mathematical model and computer simulation of three-dimensional bobsled turning. It is based on accurate descriptions of existing or hypothetical tracks and on dynamic equations of motion including gravitational, normal, lift, drag, ice friction, and steering forces. The three-dimensional track surface model uses cubic spline geometric modeling and approximation techniques. The position of the sled on the track is specified by the two variables α and β in the along-track and cross-track directions, differential equations for which govern the possible motions of the sled. The model can be used for studies involving (a) track design, (b) calculation of optimal driver control strategies, and (c) as the basis for a real-time bobsled simulator. It can provide detailed quantitative information (e.g., splits for individual turns) that is not available in runs at actual tracks. The model also allows for comparison of driver performance with the numerically computed optimum performance, and for...","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"28 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126207775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Mechanical Aspects of the Sprint Start in Olympic Speed Skating 奥运会速度滑冰冲刺起跑的机械方面
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1989-05-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.5.2.151
J. J. Koning, G. Groot, G. V. I. Schenau
{"title":"Mechanical Aspects of the Sprint Start in Olympic Speed Skating","authors":"J. J. Koning, G. Groot, G. V. I. Schenau","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.5.2.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.5.2.151","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical characteristics of the sprint start in speed skating were measured during the 1988 Winter Olympic Games. From three-dimensional film analysis of the first 4 seconds of the male and female 500-m races, biomechanical variables were determined. The first strokes during the start appeared to be performed by a running-like technique. At a forward velocity of approximately 4 m/sec, the skaters are forced to change this technique to the typical gliding technique as used during speed skating at steady speed. In explaining the time differences on the first 100 meters of the 500-m speed skating race, the effectiveness of the push-off appears to be more important than the observed high power output levels.","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122313003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Mechanical Power Output and Estimated Metabolic Rates of Nordic Skiers During Olympic Competition 奥运会期间北欧滑雪运动员的机械动力输出和估计代谢率
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1989-05-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.5.2.169
R. Norman, S. Õunpuu, Margot Fraser, Ronald B. Mitchell
{"title":"Mechanical Power Output and Estimated Metabolic Rates of Nordic Skiers During Olympic Competition","authors":"R. Norman, S. Õunpuu, Margot Fraser, Ronald B. Mitchell","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.5.2.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.5.2.169","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores whether there may be useful information in estimates of metabolic rates obtained from biomechanical calculations of mechanical power output. Thirteen men were analyzed as they passed a camera on each of three laps on an 11.8° uphill in the 30-km classical technique Olympic Nordic ski event. A 15-segment model was constructed; velocity, stride length, stride rate, mechanical power output, and from this latter measure an estimate of oxygen consumption, were obtained. The average lap velocity was 5.65 m•s−1 (20 km•hr−1), the film site velocity was 2.58 m•s−1, and the correlation between them was 0.75. There were no significant differences from lap to lap in any variable, nor were there dramatic differences between the skiers in the top 14 compared with those finishing in 35th place or slower in stride length or stride rate. However, the faster skiers had estimated VO2 from 80 to 112 ml•kg−1 • min−1 on most laps while the slower skiers had values from 53 to 77. If a VO2 estimated from biom...","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133799264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 65
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