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International journal of sport biomechanics最新文献

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Hub movement during the swing of elite and novice golfers 精英和新手高尔夫球手挥杆时的中心运动
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1992-11-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.8.4.320
R. Sanders, Peter C. Owens
{"title":"Hub movement during the swing of elite and novice golfers","authors":"R. Sanders, Peter C. Owens","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.8.4.320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.8.4.320","url":null,"abstract":"Many golf coaches refer to a focal point or “hub” of a golf swing and encourage players to imagine the clubhead rotating about this point. The purpose of this study was to locate the hub of the swings of elite (handicaps 0–5) and novice golfers. Six novice and six elite players (all male) each performed 10 swings with the 3-wood provided. Motions of reflective markers attached to the vertex and chin of the subject and three points along the shaft of the club were recorded on videotape. The position of the hub at sampled instants during the swing was defined by the intersection of normals to the clubhead path. Among elite players the hub was not fixed and the pattern of hub movement was consistent. The radius of the hub to the clubhead reached a maximum near impact. Novice players tended to achieve maximum radius after impact and the hub patterns were inconsistent.","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125599531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
A New Electromechanical Ski Binding with Release Sensitivity to Torsion and Bending Moments Transmitted by the Leg 一种对腿传递的扭弯力矩具有释放敏感性的新型机电滑雪板绑带
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1992-11-01 DOI: 10.1520/STP37942S
R. Neptune, M. Hull
{"title":"A New Electromechanical Ski Binding with Release Sensitivity to Torsion and Bending Moments Transmitted by the Leg","authors":"R. Neptune, M. Hull","doi":"10.1520/STP37942S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/STP37942S","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the design of a new electromechanical ski binding whereby release in both twist and forward bending is controlled electronically and the release level in twist is modulated electronically based on the neural stimulation of muscles in the quadriceps group. To provide signals for controlling release in the two modes, the binding incorporates two dynamometers. Each dynamometer measures loads that have been shown to correlate strongly (r2>0.90) to torsional and bending moments at the lower leg injury sites. Although the binding consists of both a toepiece and heelpiece, the toepiece does not permit release of the boot from the ski in the twist mode but rather serves as one of the dynamometers. Consequently the heelpiece was designed to provide the release function in both modes. Release is realized by a low-force solenoid that actuates a multilink trigger mechanism. To prove feasibility, a prototype was constructed and evaluated.","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121549855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Archery Bow Grip Force Distribution: Relationships with Performance and Fatigue 弓握力分布:与性能和疲劳的关系
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1992-11-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.8.4.305
Philip E. Martin, G. Heise
{"title":"Archery Bow Grip Force Distribution: Relationships with Performance and Fatigue","authors":"Philip E. Martin, G. Heise","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.8.4.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.8.4.305","url":null,"abstract":"Archery instructors believe that force distribution (FD) between the hand and bow grip can have a considerable effect on arrow flight, but there is no empirical support for this speculation. This study examined FD on the bow grip in experienced archers and explored the possible relationships between FD, performance, and fatigue. FD was quantified for 15 experienced archers (8 highly skilled [HS] and 7 less skilled [LS]) using 15 unobtrusive force sensors as each archer completed 72 shots. Arrow position relative to the target center, estimated net moments and moment arms about vertical and horizontal axes through the grip, and shot-to-shot variability in the estimated moments and moment arms were computed for three blocks of six shots. Results demonstrated that (a) estimated moments and moment arms were not consistently related to observed vertical or horizontal deviations in arrow position, (b) there were no systematic differences in FD between HS and LS archers, (c) fatigue had no quantifiable effect on...","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132459131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Objective Biomechanical Determination of Tennis Racket Properties 目的测定网球拍的生物力学性能
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1992-11-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.8.4.275
H. Hatze
{"title":"Objective Biomechanical Determination of Tennis Racket Properties","authors":"H. Hatze","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.8.4.275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.8.4.275","url":null,"abstract":"Several biodynamical properties of tennis rackets such as vibrational characteristics, direction control, and the coefficient of restitution depend critically on the constraining mode of the handle. The racket response to ball impact differs fundamentally for rigid mechanical clamping of the handle and for hand-held gripping. In order to test objectively the biodynamical characteristics of tennis rackets under standardized but biomechanically realistic conditions, the use of a mechano-electronic replica of the human hand/arm system, termed manusimulator, is suggested. Sample test results of the vibrational characteristics of a specific tennis racket and of the coefficients of restitution of several rackets provide proof of the reproducibility and reliability of the test results so obtained. The results were compared with those obtained using human test players. The latter subjective method yielded data with excessively large coefficients of variation around 84% and was found to be unsuitable for determini...","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131503565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
A Dual Piezoelectric Bicycle Pedal with Multiple Shoe/Pedal Interface Compatibility 一种具有多鞋/脚接口兼容的双压电自行车脚踏板
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1992-08-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.8.3.251
J. B. Wheeler, R. Gregor, J. Broker
{"title":"A Dual Piezoelectric Bicycle Pedal with Multiple Shoe/Pedal Interface Compatibility","authors":"J. B. Wheeler, R. Gregor, J. Broker","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.8.3.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.8.3.251","url":null,"abstract":"In response to the popularity of clipless bicycle pedals with float designs, an instrumented force pedal system with multicompatibility for different shoe/pedal interfaces is presented. A dual piezoelectric element pedal has been modified for use with popular clipless pedal interfaces. The dual transducer arrangement permits measurement of three components of uniaxial load, location of the applied load, and calculation of the moment Mz about an axis through the position of the applied load and orthogonal to the pedal surface. Quantification of lower extremity kinetics using float feature pedals and the investigation of the pathomechanics of lower extremity cycling overuse injuries, especially knee injuries, is warranted. Qualitative descriptions of lower extremity pathomechanics related to overuse injuries have suggested that foot constraint may induce undesirable knee kinematics and kinetics. The instrumented force pedal system described here permits a comparison between pedal kinematics and kinetics of ...","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130455547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Techniques Used by Elite Gymnasts in the 1992 Olympic Compulsory Dismount from the Horizontal Bar 优秀体操运动员在1992年奥运会单杠强制下马比赛中的技术
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1992-08-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.8.3.207
Y. Takei, H. Nohara, M. Kamimura
{"title":"Techniques Used by Elite Gymnasts in the 1992 Olympic Compulsory Dismount from the Horizontal Bar","authors":"Y. Takei, H. Nohara, M. Kamimura","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.8.3.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.8.3.207","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to identify the mechanical factors that are crucial to a successful double salto backward tucked dismount from thehorizontal bar. The subjects were 35 American and 43 Japanese gymnasts competing in their respective 1990 national gymnastics championships. A 16-mm camera, placed with its optical axis parallel to the horizontal bar and operating at 100 Hz, was used to record the performances of the subjects. Significant correlations indicated that a large vertical velocity at bar release, which ensures great height and long time of flight, is important. Successful performance is also likely when efforts are made to (a) achieve the tightest tuck position during the salto backward near the peak of flight, (b) extend the body rapidly and fully early in rotation before the vertical body position is reached well above the bar, (c) maintain the extended body position during the remainder of the flight to display body style for virtuosity bonus points, and (d) simultaneously prepare fo...","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115214374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
Dynamics of the Interactions between Ball, Strings, and Racket in Tennis 网球中球、线和球拍之间相互作用的动力学
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1992-08-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.8.3.181
D. C. Leigh, Wei-yang Lu
{"title":"Dynamics of the Interactions between Ball, Strings, and Racket in Tennis","authors":"D. C. Leigh, Wei-yang Lu","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.8.3.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.8.3.181","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamical interactions in tennis between ball, strings, and racket, during ball impact and immediately after, are modeled by a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations that include both damping and elastic properties. During impact, the time history of the deflections, velocities, and forces in all parts of the system were calculated. Some simple experiments were done to determine the elastic and damping properties of the ball and strings, and to verify the theory in the case of a ball rebounding from the strings of a clamped racket head. Among the findings is that there is a trampoline effect even for a clamped racket head. Most interesting is that the rebound velocity of the ball can be increased, the mechanical energy transmitted to the racket can be reduced, and the maximum force transmitted to the holder of the racket can be reduced, all by increasing the damping in the racket.","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129893429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Case Studies of Asymmetrical Arm Action in Running 跑步中不对称手臂动作的案例研究
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1992-05-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.8.2.111
R. Hinrichs
{"title":"Case Studies of Asymmetrical Arm Action in Running","authors":"R. Hinrichs","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.8.2.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.8.2.111","url":null,"abstract":"Ten male recreational runners ranging in age from 20 to 32 years were filmed using 3-D cinematography while running on a treadmill at 3.8 m/s, 4.5 m/ s, and 5.4 m/s. The 3-D segment endpoint data were entered into a computer program that computed the segmental contributions to the upward and forward propulsive impulses on the body (lift and drive, respectively) and to the vertical component of angular momentum (Hz). The results of two subjects who demonstrated asymmetrical arm action are discussed in detail and compared with the mean results computed over all subjects. The results revealed that the arms possess the potential to compensate for each other and for asymmetries elsewhere in the body.","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130764972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
An On-Water Analysis System for Quantifying Stroke Force Characteristics during Kayak Events 一种量化皮艇比赛中冲力特性的水上分析系统
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1992-05-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.8.2.165
D. Aitken, R. Neal
{"title":"An On-Water Analysis System for Quantifying Stroke Force Characteristics during Kayak Events","authors":"D. Aitken, R. Neal","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.8.2.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.8.2.165","url":null,"abstract":"A system was developed to quantify the on-water forces, impulse, and power generated by a kayak paddlet. The system is lightweight (<1 kg), portable (i.e., it can be used in single [Kl], double [K2], and fours [K4] boats), and does not affect the integrity of either the kayak paddle or the boat. Changes in the strain on the kayak paddle were measured by force transducers attached to the shaft of the paddle, and these signals were then recorded on an FM tape recorder located in the boat. The data were then analyzed by the Kayak Data Acquisition and Analysis System software which graphically presented the paddlers' force time curve as well as a printed tabular report on the paddlers' average force, impulse, work, power, and the instantaneous boat velocity.","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128852406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 65
Blocking and Postflight Techniques of Male Gymnasts Performing the Compulsory Vault at the 1988 Olympics 1988年奥运会男子体操跳马运动员的拦网和腾空技术
International journal of sport biomechanics Pub Date : 1992-05-01 DOI: 10.1123/IJSB.8.2.87
Y. Takei
{"title":"Blocking and Postflight Techniques of Male Gymnasts Performing the Compulsory Vault at the 1988 Olympics","authors":"Y. Takei","doi":"10.1123/IJSB.8.2.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSB.8.2.87","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to identify the mechanical factors that are crucial to successful performance of blocking and body control for salto forward and kickout in the handspring and salto forward tucked vault. A 16-mm camera operating at 100 Hz was used to record the performances. The subjects were 51 male gymnasts participating in the 1988 Olympic Games. It was hypothesized that some mechanical factors identified in the model were significantly correlated with successful performance of blocking and body control for salto forward and kickout as rated by the judges. Significant correlations indicated that a large horizontal velocity at touchdown on horse is an important prerequisite for effective blocking and subsequent performance of postflight. The results also indicated that the body’s moment of inertia should be minimized by assuming the full tuck position just before or near the peak of flight, which maximizes the time and height available for executing the kickout in midair. The small angular ...","PeriodicalId":308877,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport biomechanics","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134477252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
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