{"title":"Firearm Law and Policy","authors":"Gianni Pirelli","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190630430.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190630430.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, the authors provide a review of firearm-related laws (i.e., federal, state, landmark legal cases), policies (e.g., “Stand Your Ground,” background checks, child access prevention), and programs (e.g., Project ChildSafe). The mixed research related to the effectiveness of these firearm policies and laws, as well as program evaluation, is summarized. Issues related to the intersection of gun-involved violence and suicide, gun ownership, and mental illness are addressed. Moreover, gun restoration programs and firearm ownership disqualification systems are discussed, as well as the important court cases related to these complicated issues. While the media and public opinion have influenced much of the legislation related to gun ownership and gun control, the authors provide the reader with a foundational knowledge of the available empirical literature related to such.","PeriodicalId":308769,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Scholarship Online","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114967732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cain’s Castles","authors":"Alison Milbank","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198824466.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824466.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"In Chapter 1, the Reformation is presented as the paradigmatic site of Gothic escape: the evil monastery can be traced back to Wycliffe’s ‘Cain’s castles’ and the fictional abbey ruin to the Dissolution. Central Gothic tropes are shown to have their origin in this period: the Gothic heroine is compared to the female martyrs of Foxe’s Acts and Monuments; the usurper figure is linked to the papal Antichrist; and the element of continuation and the establishment of the true heir is related to Reformation historiography, which needs to prove that the Protestant Church is in continuity with early Christianity—this crisis of legitimacy is repeated in the Glorious Revolution. Lastly, Gothic uncovering of hypocrisy is allied to the revelation of Catholicism as idolatry. The Faerie Queene is interpreted as a mode of Protestant Gothic and Spenser’s Una provides an allegorical gesture of melancholic distance, which will be rendered productive in later Gothic fiction.","PeriodicalId":308769,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Scholarship Online","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115120964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Where Men Are Knights and Women Are Princesses","authors":"K. Hayes","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190911966.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190911966.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the role of gender in the Valley of Dawn, a New Age movement headquartered in Brazil with a growing international presence. Known for its eclectic cosmology and collective rituals performed by adepts dressed in ornate garments, the Valley proposes that men and women embody complementary energetic forces that, when harmonized, promote spiritual evolution on the individual and cosmic levels. However, despite the Valley’s rhetorical emphasis on gender complementarity and male-female partnerships, in practice it systematically subordinates women to men’s authority. While this movement is indeed uplifting and meaningful for many participants, in reinforcing traditional ideas of masculinity and femininity by projecting them onto a spiritual plane, it gives supernatural sanction to a heteronormative model of gender.","PeriodicalId":308769,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Scholarship Online","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115223110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simone Weil’s Uprooted","authors":"L. Stonebridge","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198797005.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198797005.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"For Simone Weil, deracination was the tragic condition of modern times, affecting not only refugees and the dispossessed, but all who capitalism and colonialism had torn from their roots. This chapter turns to her last works to connect her work on rootlessness to Weil’s critique of human rights. ‘To place the notion of rights at the centre of social conflicts is to inhibit any possible impulse of charity on both sides,’ she wrote. Rights are there to be fought for, contracted, defended; as such, they have served the same forces of expansion and domination that, as she demonstrated in her sublime wartime reading of the Iliad, relentlessly transform the living into ‘things’. Nobody from the period went further into the dark background of difference than Weil. The problem was that she could not find a way out. In the end, Weil’s efforts to live by charity alone—to root oneself in the suffering of others—were as death-driven as the forces of injustice and imperialism she railed against.","PeriodicalId":308769,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Scholarship Online","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115633984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Confinement, Mendicancy, and the Making of the Street Musician","authors":"Samuel Llano","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780199392469.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199392469.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter analyzes the social, historical, and legal context in which the San Bernardino workhouse and band were created, and in which their activity developed. San Bernardino was founded in 1834 to confine the poor, who were seen as a source of public shame and contamination, and who were blamed for the rise of cholera epidemics in Madrid. The system of confinement relied on the distinction between deserving and undeserving poor and aimed to make them productive. The harsh discipline and deficient hygiene of workhouses, however, acted as deterrents and forced the authorities to resort to violence in order to force reluctant beggars into the workhouse. The increasingly tolerated presence on the streets of blind buskers, who were of no practical use in workhouses, gave rise to new legislation on disability and changed the composition of Madrid’s soundscape.","PeriodicalId":308769,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Scholarship Online","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115752280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Bomb and Vietnam","authors":"M. Ruse","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190867577.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190867577.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"After the Second World War, Elizabeth Anscombe continued strong, arguing against giving an honorary degree to atomic-bomb-dropper Harry Truman. With the Cold War now begun, worries about the Bomb continued to trouble Christians and were a major concern of Methodist theologian Paul Ramsey. Then the horrors of the Vietnam War started to predominate, leading to a return to just war theorizing, especially by Michael Walzer, a Jew and hence non-Christian although sympathetic to Augustinian thinking. The American Catholic bishops also got involved, inveighing against nuclear weapons. Pacifist voices like those of Stanley Hauerwas (Methodist) and John Howard Yoder (Mennonite) started to rise. Some, like philosopher Robert L. Holmes, worried that perhaps the Augustinian emphasis on original sin makes one almost complacent about the probability of war.","PeriodicalId":308769,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Scholarship Online","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124289823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can This Be Art?","authors":"E. Winner","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190863357.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190863357.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"While philosophers have tried to define art by necessary and sufficient features, this effort has failed. Art is a socially constructed, open concept that eludes formal definition. While art cannot be tightly defined, we can loosely define art by listing possible characteristics of works of art—recognizing that this list must remain an open one. We may not be able define art, but philosophers and psychologists together have revealed the difference between observing something with or without an aesthetic attitude. While any artifact may be used as a work of art, we respond differently to that artifact when we believe it is was created intentionally as a work of art rather than a non-art artifact. We adopt an aesthetic attitude, paying attention to the surface form and the expressive properties of the object. This conclusion is consistent with Kant’s idea of the aesthetic attitude being a form of disinterested contemplation.","PeriodicalId":308769,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Scholarship Online","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116643005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Myths and Utopias, Critics and Caretakers","authors":"S. Arvidsson","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190911966.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190911966.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents a more direct challenge to Bruce Lincoln’s work, arguing that a purely critical method is ultimately insufficient and that a balanced approach to the study of religion also requires space for hope—that is, the hope for a possible future of the sort found in utopian narratives. Examining a wide range of narrative forms, from folktales and legends to utopian and dystopian myths, the chapter makes a strong case for the importance of humanistic scholarship in the twenty-first century. This would include not only the critical interrogation of religious narratives that Lincoln advocates but also a more hopeful exploration of the ways in which these narratives can open new ways of imagining the future.","PeriodicalId":308769,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Scholarship Online","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116762907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Time’s Up! Shorter Hours, Public Policy, and Time Flexibility as an Antidote to Youth Unemployment","authors":"K. Maich, Jamie K. Mccallum, Ari Grant-Sasson","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190685898.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190685898.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the relationship between hours of work and unemployment. When it comes to time spent working in the United States at present, two problems immediately come to light. First, an asymmetrical distribution of working time persists, with some people overworked and others underemployed. Second, hours are increasingly unstable; precarious on-call work scheduling and gig economy–style employment relationships are the canaries in the coal mine of a labor market that produces fewer and fewer stable jobs. It is possible that some kind of shorter hours movement, especially one that places an emphasis on young workers, has the potential to address these problems. Some policies and processes are already in place to transition into a shorter hours economy right now even if those possibilities are mediated by an anti-worker political administration.","PeriodicalId":308769,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Scholarship Online","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116954265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Crime-Preventing Neurointerventions and the Law","authors":"L. Forsberg","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198758617.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198758617.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Anti-libidinal interventions (ALIs) are a type of crime-preventing neurointervention (CPN) already in use in many jurisdictions. This chapter examines different types of legal regimes under which ALIs might be provided to sex offenders. The types of legal regimes examined are dedicated statutes that directly provide for ALI use, consensual ALI provision under general medical law principles, mental health legislation providing for ALI use (exemplified by the mental health regime in England and Wales), and European human rights law as it pertains to ALI provision. The chapter considers what we might learn from ALIs in respect of likely or possible arrangements for the provision of other CPNs, and draws attention to some ethical issues raised by each of these types of regime, worth keeping in mind when considering arrangements for CPN provision.","PeriodicalId":308769,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Scholarship Online","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117119813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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