Metamorfosa Journal of Biological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Computational Analysis of Functional Coding/Noncoding Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs/Indels) in Human NEUROG1 gene","authors":"Shimaa Mahalah, Zhoor Hamid, S. Ibrahim, Shazalia K. Babiker","doi":"10.56388/bio220903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56388/bio220903","url":null,"abstract":"Human NEUROG1 gene encodes a very important protein Neurogenin1, which has been demonstrated to have an essential role as a transcription factor in the process of neurogenesis and neural repair. Mutations in NEUROG1 gene have been linked to many congenital diseases and some neurodegenerative diseases. This study used bioinformatics tools to evaluate the effects of mutations along the sequence of the gene. The 3D structural modeling of NEUROG1 was generated through I-TASSER and validated by different software. Genomic data has been retrieved from NCBI, GenBank, and Ensembl databases. Of the 617 SNPs and INDels reported in the dbSNP spanning coding and noncoding regions, only 4 of the 193 SNPs affecting coding regions were predicted to be deleterious with bioinformatics software. Analysis of 3' UTR (3ʹ-untranslated regions) revealed that eight SNPs were found to affect microRNA binding sites either by creating or disturbing them, and other three INDels had no effect This study is a proposed computational analysis for the possible effects of Non- synonymous SNPs on the functionality of NEUROG1 gene and subsequently its protein as an important cofactor in new neurons formation. The results suggested that, NEUROG1 gene can serve as a candidate for gene therapy at genetics and epigenetics levels and/or drug design for neurodegenerative and other neurological diseases.","PeriodicalId":30806,"journal":{"name":"Metamorfosa Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79775114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profil Histopatologi Otot Jantung pada Tikus Hipertensi (Doca-Garam) yang Dipapar Kombinasi Ekstrak Metanolik Benalu Teh Dan Benalu Mangga (EMBTBM)","authors":"A. Hakimah, Nour Athiroh Abdoes Sjakoer, Nurul Jadid Mubarakati","doi":"10.24843/metamorfosa.2021.v08.i02.p20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/metamorfosa.2021.v08.i02.p20","url":null,"abstract":"Beberapa jenis herbal dari kelompok benalu dan famili Loranthaceae juga berpotensi sebagai antihipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui profil histopatologi jantung pada tikus hipertensi (DOCA-Garam) yang dipapar Kombinasi Ekstrak Metanolik Benalu Teh dan Benalu Mangga (EMBTBM) selama 14 hari dengan metode true eksperimental design dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap pada 50 ekor tikus, dibedakan menjadi 5 perlakuan yaitu kontrol (-), kontrol (+), perlakuan 1 dosis 50 mg/KgBB, perlakuan 2 dosis 100 mg/KgBB dan perlakuan 3 dosis 200 mg/KgBB. Setiap perlakuan terdapat 5 kali ulangan. Dalam menganalisis data digunakan uji ANOVA one way yaitu JAMOVI dengan versi 1.1.9.0. Sedangkan untuk perhitungan diameter sel menggunakan aplikasi IMAGE J. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profil histopatologi jantung pada tikus hipertensi (DOCA-Garam) yang dipapar EMBTBM selama 14 hari pada nekrosis sel jantung menunjukkan perbedaan yang sangat nyata antara kelompok kontrol (+) dengan kontrol (-), perlakuan 1, 2, dan 3. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil analisis p-value < 0.05 yaitu 0.002 sehingga disimpulkan bahwa EMBTBM berpengaruh terhadap jumlah rerata nekrosis sel organ jangtung. Terdapat perbedaan yang nyata juga pada jumlah diameter sel jantung tikus hipertensi antara kelompok kontrol (+) dengan kontrol (-), perlakuan 1, 2, dan 3. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil analisis menunjukkan p-value < 0.05 yaitu 0.021, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa EMBTBM dapat mengecilkan diameter sel pada organ jantung. \u0000Kata kunci: Hipertensi, Jantung, Ventrikel Kiri, Histopatologi Anatomi, EMBTBM.","PeriodicalId":30806,"journal":{"name":"Metamorfosa Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46380745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penilaian Kualitas Air Hulu Sungai Bedadung Kabupaten Jember Berdasarkan Trophic Diatom Index","authors":"Retno Wimbaningrum, Ahmad Farid Ary Wardhana, Hari Sulistiyowati","doi":"10.24843/metamorfosa.2021.v08.i02.p19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/metamorfosa.2021.v08.i02.p19","url":null,"abstract":"Kualitas air sungai bersifat dinamis dan dipengaruhi oleh penggunaan lahan di sekitarnya. Pemantauan kualitas air sungai secara rutin penting dilakukan agar masyarakat dapat terus memanfaatkannya dengan aman dan biota  dapat hidup dengan baik di dalam ekosistem  ini. Pemantauan dapat dilakukan melalui penilaian kualitas air sungai dengan memanfaatkan diatom epilitik sebagai bioindikator. Diatom epilitik dapat menggambarkan tingkat kesuburan ekosistem perairan secara efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kualitas fisika-kimia dan biologi serta hubungan penggunaan lahan dengan kualitas air di hulu Sungai Bedadung, Kabupaten Jember. Penelitian dilakukan di badan sungai yang melewati hutan riparian, perkebunan kopi, sawah, dan ladang-pemukiman tidak padat. Data fisika-kimia yang diukur langsung di lokasi  meliputi DO, pH, TDS, konduktivitas, kecerahan, turbiditas, kedalaman air, dan suhu air, sedangkan TP dan TN dianalisis di laboratorium. Data diatom epilitik dikoleksi dengan cara menyikat permukaan batu berukuran sedang. Data vegetasi di sekitar sungai dicatat proporsi dan kelimpahan pohon, semak dan herba. Data parameter fisika-kimia,  diatom epilitik dan vegetasi dianalisis untuk menentukan nilai indeks kualitas air (WQI), indeks diatom trofik (TDI),  dan indeks jasa lingkungan (ESI) yang menunjukkan kualitas setiap tipe penggunaan lahan secara berturut-turut. Hubungan antara ESI, TDI dan WQI dan variabel tunggal fisika-kimia air ditentukan dengan menganalisis data menggunakan principle component analysis (PCA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa air berkualitas baik (WQI = 70,63-87,93) dengan kandungan hara sedang (TDI = 3). Biplot PCA menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan lahan  berkorelasi positif dan kuat dengan kualitas fisika-kimia air, berkorelasi negatif dan kuat dengan TP dan berkorelasi negatif, kuat dan tidak langsung dengan kualitas biologi air. \u0000Kata kunci: Kualitas Air Sungai, Indeks Kualitas Air (WQI), Indeks Trofik Diatom (TDI), Penggunaan Lahan","PeriodicalId":30806,"journal":{"name":"Metamorfosa Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49011168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulasi Serum Ekstrak Buah Malaka (Phyllanthus emblica) Sebagai Anti Aging","authors":"R. Pratiwi, N. L. Arpiwi","doi":"10.24843/metamorfosa.2021.v08.i02.p12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/metamorfosa.2021.v08.i02.p12","url":null,"abstract":"Serum merupakan produk cairan sedikit kental yang diaplikasikan pada kulit wajah. Penggunaan serum di kalangan wanita sudah banyak diminati bahkan menjadi salah satu perawatan rutin. Seiring berkembangnya zaman, kini banyak orang yang tidak bertanggungjawab dalam menjual produk serum. Kandungan serum diproduksi dengan bahan kimia yang tidak sesuai dosis atau pun menambahkan bahan aktif yang dapat memicu terjadinya masalah kulit. Beberapa masalah kulit yang timbul yaitu bintik-bintik hitam, garis-garis halus dan penuaan. Mengurangi dampak masalah kulit tersebut, maka dilakukan pembuatan serum berbasis “back to nature” yang mengutamakan bahan herbal sebagai salah satu alternatif formulasi serum yang aman. Salah satu bahan alternatif tersebut yaitu buah malaka (Phyllanthus emblica). Buah malaka dipercaya memiliki kandungan antioksidan yang tinggi sehingga dapat memperlambat penuaan dan dijadikan bahan serum untuk anti aging. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu dengan uji DPPH dan uji fitokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak buah malaka tergolong antioksidan kuat dengan nilai aktivitas antioksidan 143,557%, nilai IC50 sebesar 38,649 ppm, flavonoid sebesar 4,6123%, tanin sebesar 112,21%, vitamin C 27,0625%, aktivitas antioksidan serum F1 0,0008%, F2 0,0121% dan F3 0,0103%. Uji viskositas menunjukkan nilai 15.000 mPars, pH pada serum F1 yaitu 4,79; F2 5,00; F3 5,75. Uji homogenitas serum menunjukkan kehomogenan yang baik dan uji hedonik terhadap 3 sampel serum (F1, F2 dan F3) dengan 30 probandus. Hasil yang paling optimal yaitu serum F3 dengan konsentrasi 1,5 %. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":30806,"journal":{"name":"Metamorfosa Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48853758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studi Keragaman Anggrek Epifit di Kepulauan Sula","authors":"Ari Widyantoro","doi":"10.24843/metamorfosa.2021.v08.i02.p06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/metamorfosa.2021.v08.i02.p06","url":null,"abstract":"Exploration of epiphytic orchids is very important at this time because the natural habitats of the orchids have begun to be damaged due to the forest conversion into plantations. Epiphytic orchids is a plant that grows upon another trees are scattered in limited, permanent and converted production forests. However, the expansion of coconut, clove and cocoa plantations has resulted in a narrowing of the forest area, resulting in reduced natural habitat for epiphytic orchids. The study aimed to establish the species of epiphytic orchids in Sula Islands, North Maluku. The study used a survey method with a descriptive approach and plots were determined by purposive sampling. The results found 6 species of epiphytic orchids in 8 plots i.e. Cymbidium finlaysonianum, Grammatophyllum scriptum, Trichoglottis latisepala, Brachypeza sp., Pomatocalpa spicata, and Aerides sp. Epiphytic orchids, C. finlaysonianum dominate the forest area reaching 77,29% respectively. There were 9 host trees that had been found, i.e Shorea sp., Cythea sp., Mangifera indica, Heritiera sp., Thesphesia macrophylla, Artocarpus sp., Calophyllum inophyllum, Ficus sp., and Cocos nucifera. \u0000Keywords: Epiphytic orchids, host trees, diversity, Sula Islands","PeriodicalId":30806,"journal":{"name":"Metamorfosa Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44902930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"News in Bone Modeling for Customized Hybrid Biological Prostheses Development","authors":"R. Petrescu, R. Aversa, Valeria Perrotta, L. Ungureanu, A. Apicella, F. Petrescu","doi":"10.3844/OJBSCI.2021.285.316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/OJBSCI.2021.285.316","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Florian Ion Tiberiu Petrescu IFToMM, ARoTMM, Bucharest Polytechnic University, Bucharest, Romania Email: tiberiuflorianion@gmail.com Abstract: The complex biomechanics and morphologies of the femur proximal epiphysis are presented. The nature and fine morphology of the femur head and its structural behavior have been investigated. Isotropic and orthotropic trabecular structures have been associated with oriented compression and tensioned areas of the femur head FEM models. These isotropic/orthotropic trabecular morphologies and their allocations govern the stress and strain distribution in the overall proximal femur region. Finite element models of the femur biofidel were developed using a specific combination of segmentation with computed tomography and solid modeling tools capable of representing bone physiology and structural behavior. This biofidel Finite Element (FEM) model is used to evaluate the change in the physiological distribution of stress in the femoral prosthesis and to evaluate the new design criteria for biopsy. The use of femur proper biofidel modeling while enabling the explanation of physiological stress distribution elucidates the critical mechanical role of the trabecular bone that should be accounted for in the design new innovative more “biologic” prosthetic system. Biomimetics, biomechanics and tissue engineering are three multidisciplinary fields that have been considered in this research to achieve the goal of improving the reliability of prosthetic implants. The authors took these studies to gather the untapped potential of such advanced materials and design technologies by developing finite models of Biofidel elements capable of correctly mimicking the biomechanical behavior of the femur.","PeriodicalId":30806,"journal":{"name":"Metamorfosa Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"148 1","pages":"285-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77354967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravenous Injection of Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improved Regeneration of Rat Liver after 2AAF/CCl4-Induced Injury","authors":"I. Liem, Reni Oktavina, Zakiyah, Dian Anggraini, I. E. Deraya, R. Kodariah, E. Krisnuhoni, P. Wuyung","doi":"10.3844/OJBSCI.2021.317.326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/OJBSCI.2021.317.326","url":null,"abstract":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia Integrated Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia Master Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana, Jakarta, Indonesia Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Yarsi, Jakarta, Indonesia Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia Animal Research Facilities, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia","PeriodicalId":30806,"journal":{"name":"Metamorfosa Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"162 1","pages":"317-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72658282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Efficiency of the Entomophage Habrobracon Hebetor Say to Control the Number of Etiella zinckenella Tr. on Soybean Crops","authors":"I. Agasyeva, M. Nefedova, A. Nastasiy","doi":"10.3844/OJBSCI.2021.217.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/OJBSCI.2021.217.222","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean is a valuable crop in many countries of the world. The world sowing area of soybeans is about 100 million hectares. It is grown in the main agricultural regions of 90 countries. To obtain a stable yield level, it is necessary to take into account the activity of arthropod organisms, both harmful and beneficial. The species composition of arthropods of soybean agro enosis in the central zone of Krasnodar Krai has been determined. 227 species of insects and 2 species of mites were identified, including 98 species of phytophages damaging soybeans and 129 species of entomophages. These insects are distributed in 9 orders, 51 families. The most dangerous phytophages of soybeans account for 9.3% of the total number of species. Cotton moth (Helicoverpa armigera Hbn), lima-bean pod borer (Etiella zinckenella Tr.) and common spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) are widescalephytophages. We assessed the biological efficacy of the ectoparasite Habrobracon hebetor Say against E. zinckenella, this approach does not provide for total destruction, but regulation of the number by restoring the natural mechanisms of regulation. Artificial breeding of the entomophage and its early introduction into soybean cenosis allows us to effectively control the number of E. zinckenella. We described the prospects of using entomohages in green farming technologies.","PeriodicalId":30806,"journal":{"name":"Metamorfosa Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"217-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89217398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Costus Root Aqueous Extract against Schistosomiasis, Liver Damage and Oxidants in Mouse Models of Schistosoma mansoni Infection","authors":"A. Alghabban","doi":"10.3844/OJBSCI.2021.207.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/OJBSCI.2021.207.216","url":null,"abstract":"Email: a_alghabban@ut.edu.sa Abstract: Schistosomiasis is one of the major human parasitic diseases in many developing countries that causing chronic ill health in humans. The present work aimed to study the possible curative role of Costus (Saussurea lappa) root extract against Schistosoma mansoni infection induced liver toxicity, cytokines, oxidative stress and DNA damage in mice. 40 adult male micewere divided into four groups (G1, control; G2, Costus; G3, infection with S. mansoni live cercariae; G4, S. mansoni infection followed by Costus treatment). By comparison to control, mice with S. mansoni infection exhibited significantly (p<0.01) higher levels of plasma TNF-α, faecal and hepatic eggs load, hepatic DNA damage and MDA, as well as significantly (p<0.01) lower levels of hepatic GSH, catalase and SOD. Meanwhile, by comparison to mice with S. mansoni infection, infected mice treated with Costus root extract had significantly (p<0.01) lower levels of faecal and hepatic eggs load, granuloma diameter, TNF-α in plasma, hepatic MDA, DNA damage, as well as significantly higher levels of hepatic GSH, catalase and SOD. The conclusion derived was that free radicals are formed by the host-parasite interaction because the parasite induces alterations in the hepatic antioxidants of the host to be able to scavenge the radicals as oxidative stress makes it difficult for the parasite to overpower the host’s immune response.","PeriodicalId":30806,"journal":{"name":"Metamorfosa Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":"207-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75027605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development Technique of Side and Budwood Grafting Improving Production of Cocoa in Mamuju Regency West Sulawesi, Indonesia","authors":"I. Suryani","doi":"10.3844/OJBSCI.2021.199.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/OJBSCI.2021.199.206","url":null,"abstract":"The one of human effort increasing productivity and high quality of cocoa is rehabilitating plant using plant materials with high production and resistant clones to Cocoa Pod Borer. The common methods using side and budwood grafting technique. The research objectives is to compare two grafting technology for old cocoa plant, community empowerment in developing side grafting of cocoa plants by means improve technical skills and develop of farmers in Mamuju Regency. The research was conducted for two years (2017 and 2018) used locations of farmers cocoa plantation in Papalang District, Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research was held in the two stages: (1) Consultation and coordination with relevant agencies such as: Plantation Service, Trade Service, Meteorological Agency at Provincial and District levels used interview techniques and secondary data collection (area size, number of cocoa farmers, production and productivity, sale and selling price, climatic and soil condition). This activity gaining support from the local government and other stakeholders related to cocoa development; (2) testing the cocoa vegetative propagation technique by side and budwood grafting at the farmer and seed breeder level. Observations were made on the percentage of successful plant connections, plant growth, number of seeds produced per unit time and business feasibility analysis used the B/C ratio. The results were showed that the success rate of the connection achieved was actually higher for side grafting than budwood grafting. The success rates of cocoa clones budwood grafting and side grafting at first month were 83.3 and 90.3%, respectively. Until the fourth month after grafting, the percentage of superior cocoa clones can planted in the plantation still more than 80%. The success rate of cocoa growing in second year (2018) at Papalang District after applied by two technical grafting. There are budwood grafting result only around 88.5%. The side grafting was showed the higher success rate about 94.5%. Finding of research at Mamuju, the attack of Cocoa Pod Borer (CPB) Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen, as the main pest insect of cocoa has potential decreasing plant productivity. As the conclusion of the research: (1) the success rates of superior cocoa clones budwood and side grafting at first month were 83.3 and 90.3%, respectively; (2) in the observation of second year (2018), there are budwood grafting result only around 88.5%. The side grafting was showed the higher success rate about 94.5%; (3) need more effort farmer control CPB and avoid insect population outbreak very fast in the plantation. This situation will change by transfer of new technology and more support from the Government for increasing cocoa productivity.","PeriodicalId":30806,"journal":{"name":"Metamorfosa Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"199-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76310201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}