The Explora最新文献

{"title":"The Critical Period Hypothesis of Second Language Acquisition Theory of Eric Lenneberg's","authors":"Frisca Siahaan","doi":"10.51622/explora.v8i2.643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51622/explora.v8i2.643","url":null,"abstract":"In second language acquisition, The Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH) holds that there is a critical time period for a person to learn a new language with native proficiency. This time usually begins around the age of two and ends just before puberty. According to the hypothesis, learning a new language after this critical period will be more difficult and unsuccessful. The crucial phase is the stage of a person's development when their nervous system is primed and sensitive to environmental stimuli, according to developmental psychology. If a person does not receive the appropriate environmental stimuli during this time, their capacity to learn new skills will deteriorate, compromising a variety of adult social functions. If a child does not learn a language during this vital era, they are unlikely to achieve native fluency in their first language. Because of the adaptability of the brain, a person is poised to learn new abilities throughout the critical period. Synapses, or brain connections, are extremely receptive to information. Some researchers refer to the'sensitive period' or weak critical period' as a synonym for the critical period. The sensitive phase is comparable to thecritical period in that it is characterized by a high level of neuroplasticity and rapid formation of new synapses in the brain. The key distinction is that the sensitive phase is thought to endure longer than puberty, but there are no hard bounds.","PeriodicalId":307860,"journal":{"name":"The Explora","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114876936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis Of Figurative Language In The Song Lyrics of Map of The Soul : 7 Album","authors":"Feby Chintya Nainggolan, Rotua Elfrida","doi":"10.51622/explora.v8i2.641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51622/explora.v8i2.641","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to find the types and the meanings of figurative language used in the lyrics of BTS songs on the album Map of the Soul: 7. The writer uses Abrams's theory (1999) in identifying the types of figurative language used. This study uses a descriptive qualitative analysis method in analyzing the data. The data were obtained from BTS songs contained in the album Map of the Soul: 7. This album has 19 songs, there are Interlude: Shadow, Outro: Ego, Intro: Persona, My Time, Black Swan, On, Filter, Friends, Moon, Inner Child, 00:00, Respect, UGH !, We Are Bulletproof: The Eternal, Jamais Vu, Dionysus, Make It Right, Boy With Luv and Louder Than Bombs. There were 53 data found. From the analysis, the writer found several types of figurative language used, there are 1 data of Synecdoche (1.88%), 1 data of Paradox (1.88%), 1 data of Sarcasm (1.88%), 1 data of Allusion (1.88%), 3 data of Apostrophe (5.67%), 3 data of Symbol (5.67%), 5 data of Simile (9.44%), 5 data of Antithesis (9.44%), 10 data of Hyperbole (18.86%), 11 data of Metaphor (20.76%), and 12 data of Personification (22.64%). The most dominant type of figurative language in the data is Personification. The writer found that BTS used some imgery on non-human objects as if they were acting like humans. In the data (2) \"but my growing shadow swallows me and becomes monster\", as is a well-known shadow is an object that is dark in color and has properties. However, in the song Interlude: Shadow, the word shadow is described as something that can act like a human that is swallowing. In the data, BTS describes that the shadow is like the fear they have in the future that can later bring down their current career.","PeriodicalId":307860,"journal":{"name":"The Explora","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128243972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psycholinguistic Explanation in Lexical Acquisition of Second Language (L2) Adult Learners","authors":"A. A. Mokhtar","doi":"10.51622/explora.v8i2.640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51622/explora.v8i2.640","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is organized into several sections. First, a model of L2 lexical development is outlined. It starts with a review on the internal structure of the lexical entries in the mental lexicon. Then a comparison is made between the different conditions under which L2 and L1 are learned. The consequences of suchdifferences for L2 lexical development and representation are thus highlighted. Finally, the three stages of L2 vocabulary acquisition on the basis of what is represented in the lexical entry are applied.","PeriodicalId":307860,"journal":{"name":"The Explora","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114879633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rise and Fall of Michael Henchard in the novel “The Mayor of Casterbridge” by Thomas Hardy A story of a man of character","authors":"M. Sembiring","doi":"10.51622/explora.v8i1.531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51622/explora.v8i1.531","url":null,"abstract":"There are many determining factors that can be considered as the main cause of success andfailure of a certain person in life which is full of challenges. And those who never care for thecertain causes of their failure will fall, meanwhile those who want to learn the causes of theirfailure will rise. It seems so simple if just talk about ‘realize’, but in this context is the person whorealizes and determines to change the causes, or at least to suppress them so that they will not bethe influential elements for certain failure. “Several critics have pointed to the classical tragicshape of ‘The Mayor of Casterbridge’. It is the story of the rise and fall of a man of character, aman flawed in certain destructive ways; his story is confined in space and time: there clear echoesof Greek tragedy and of King Lear","PeriodicalId":307860,"journal":{"name":"The Explora","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130584653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Paraphrasing Strategy on the Students’ Ability in Comprehending Narrative Text at the Eighth Grade of SMP Negeri 1 Mandrehe","authors":"Daeli Hidayati","doi":"10.51622/explora.v8i1.532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51622/explora.v8i1.532","url":null,"abstract":"Reading is one of English skills that should be mastered by students because throughreading, readers get important information, ideas or opinions of text they read about. But the fact,the students of SMP Negeri 1 Mandrehe at the eighth grade in 2015/2016 are not able to getinformation of narrative text. So, the researcher tries to apply Paraphrasing Strategy to investigateits significant effect on the students’ ability in comprehending narrative text. Paraphrasing Strategyis restating information in reading activity by finding the main ideas of paragraphs and by gettingthe specific facts of a text in own words. In conducting the research, the research uses quasiexperimental design. The subject of this study is the eighth grade of SMP Negeri 1 Mandrehe in2015/2016. The population of the research was consists of 103 students, the sample which consistsof 68 students by cluster sampling. The data collected both of groups’ pre test, the data werenormality and homogenous. The researcher did the treatment to the experimental group by usingParaphrasing Strategy. Based on the result of the data computation, it shown the mean score was76.61 stated good. In the control group, the researcher taught the students by using conventionalmathod. The result of post test was 61.47 stated adequate. Based on the result of hypothesis testingby using t-test, the researcher got tcount ≥ ttable (6.3347 ≥ 1.943 from the ttable with dk = 2(n-1) =2(34-1) = 66 and the significance level is 5% (∝= 0.05). Because ttableto dk 66 is not be found inthe critic distribution t of value table, so ttable is interpolated to dk 60 is 2.000 with ttable to dk 120is 1.9880 So, ttable = t1/2∝(dk) = t0.025 x 66 = 1.943. Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. It can beconclude that there was a significant effect of Paraphrasing Strategy on the students’ ability incomprehending narrative text at the Eighth Grade of SMP Negeri 1 Mandrehe in 2015/2016. Baseon the analysis, the researcher suggest to the English teacher to use the strategy to teach thestudents. The strategy is Paraphrasing Strategy, it can solve the students problems, havefeedback,active and create the relation between teacher and student when teaching readingcomprehensionespecially in narrative text.","PeriodicalId":307860,"journal":{"name":"The Explora","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123671835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect Of Using Jakarta Post Headlines And Sub Headlines as Teaching Media Towards The Students Vocabulary Mastery","authors":"Roy Anry Siahaan","doi":"10.51622/explora.v8i1.534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51622/explora.v8i1.534","url":null,"abstract":"This research is about the effect of using Jakarta post headlines as teaching mediatowards the students’ vocabulary mastery. The objective of the study is to find outwhether Jakarta post headlines and sub headlines affects students’ vocabulary mastery.This study was conducted by applying experimental quantitative research. The subject ofthe study was the second year students of SMP N.17 Medan. The researcher took VIII-4which consists of 30 students as experimental group using Jakarta post headlines and subheadlines media and VIII-1 which consists of 30 students as control group usedconventional method or without Jakarta post headlines and sub headlines. The populationof this research was 60 students which consist of two parallel classes. The researcher tookboth groups as total sampling to see the effect of using Jakarta post headlines and subheadlines as teaching media towards the students’ vocabulary mastery. The data weretaken by giving vocabulary test which consists of word completion and matching. Thetests were divided into two tests: pre-test and post-test for both experimental and controlgroup. The mean score of pre-test in experimental group is 53.73 and the post-test is79.86. The mean score of pre-test in control group is 43.86 and the post test is 58.667. Itis concluded that the mean score of experimental group is higher than control group. Theresult that t-calculated > t-table at the level of significance p = 0.01 (3.095>2.660). Thealternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. It means thatJakarta post headlines and sub headlines can be used as teaching media as alternative toenrich students’ vocabulary mastery at the second year students of Junior High School.key words: Jakarta post headlines and sub headlines, Vocabulary","PeriodicalId":307860,"journal":{"name":"The Explora","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129002530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical Discourse Analysis on Medan Newspapers’ Editorial","authors":"Sahlan Tampubolon","doi":"10.51622/explora.v8i1.529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51622/explora.v8i1.529","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to explore how critical discourse analysis is realized in editorial localnewspaper in Medan. The analysis is grounded based on Norman Fairclough’s assumption oncritical discourse analysis that discussed three dimensions of analysis, such as micro, macro andmeso. The data collected were the editorials of Medan local newspaper between June tillDecember 2012, they are the editorial of Analisa, Andalas, Medan Bisnis, Orbit, SinarIndonesia Baru (SIB), Waspada that observed three major topic of discussions like topic onpolitics, state officials, and social phenomena. Findings are in micro analysis includes languageuse such as the realization of genre, passive voice, collective noun and naming individual, inmacro-analysis shows that the editorials position to control, and in meso analysis are theeditorial’s role in giving his thought. These findings shows that the Medan local newspaper havejust enjoyed for free press in delivering the news","PeriodicalId":307860,"journal":{"name":"The Explora","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125039310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Affects of Academic Controversy Method on Students’ Speaking Skills","authors":"Delima Megawati Siregar","doi":"10.51622/explora.v8i1.533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51622/explora.v8i1.533","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at investigating the effect of Structured Academic Controversy(SAC) on students speaking skill. Academic Controversy is a cooperative learningactivity that leads students to argue different sides of an issue. Academic controversy islearning to take a position and defend it with reason is an essential skill in democraticsociety. The method involves a cooperative form of debate in which groups of four,divided into two groups, take turns representing two opposing views on an issue beforeattempting to reach a consensus on the issue. Students work in pairs to become familiarwith one side of an issue, and then debate with another pair who has become familiar withthe opposing side. Pairs then switch “sides,” become familiar with the opposingargument, and debate again. Finally, the two pairs come together to discuss the strengthsand weakness of each side of the argument, come to a consensus about their collectiveopinion about the argument, and present that idea to the other quads. Finally, one othercooperative learning principle that can inform the use of Academic Controversy is‘cooperation as a value’. Academic controversy method canimprove students’ speakingskill, by academic controversy, the students will be taught step by step to argue . Theteacher can apply Academic controversy method to overcome the students’ speakingskill.","PeriodicalId":307860,"journal":{"name":"The Explora","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126740474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension By Using Questioning Techniques In Narrative Text","authors":"Yessica Elisabeth Sibarani","doi":"10.51622/explora.v7i2.526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51622/explora.v7i2.526","url":null,"abstract":"This study attempts to improve students’ reading comprehension by using questioning technique.This study was conducted by applying classroom action research. The subject of the research wasclass X-4 SMA N.1 Sei Rampah which consisted of 30 students. The research was conducted intwo cycles, cycle I of three meeting and cycle II consisted of three meetings. The instruments forcollecting data were quantitative data namely reading comprehension test and qualitative datanamely, diary notes, observation sheet and questionnaire. Based on reading comprehension testscores, students score kept improving in every test of reading. Based on diary notes, observationsheet and questionnaire sheet it was found that the students were active and enthusiastic in learningreading through questioning techniques. The result of the research showed that questioningtechniques significantly improved students’ achievement in reading comprehension.","PeriodicalId":307860,"journal":{"name":"The Explora","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123019709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Forms of Adjectives by Suffix –an in Toba Batak","authors":"E. Ambarita","doi":"10.51622/explora.v7i2.521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51622/explora.v7i2.521","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study is to investigate word formations of comparative forms of adjectivesby suffix [-an] in Toba Batak. Comparative forms of adjectives by suffix [-an] in Toba Batak areconstructed without considering the number of syllables of the base forms of adjectives as those inEnglish. Besides, the attachments of suffix [-an] to adjectives in Toba Batak to constructcomparative forms do not require any phonological rules as those when attaching prefix [um-] toconstruct comparative form in Toba Batak. The stress of the words modified with suffix [-an] is insuffix [-an] itself. The meaning of suffix [-an] denotes comparative forms. It signifies moremeaning than what is indicated in the base forms of the adjectives to which suffix [-an] is attached.In short, word formation of comparative form by suffix [-an] in Toba Batak can be done to alladjective bases in very simple way inflectionally.","PeriodicalId":307860,"journal":{"name":"The Explora","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122726951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}