Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series最新文献

{"title":"Russian Business under Economic Sanctions: Is There Regional Heterogeneity?","authors":"Yoshisada Shida","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3377010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3377010","url":null,"abstract":"The sanctions against Russia, beginning in early 2014, provide us with a unique opportunity to study whether, and how sanctions affect a vast territorial global superpower. This study attempts to empirically examine the economic impact of this event, paying particular attention to the existence or nonexistence of its regional heterogeneity. For these purposes, this study used a dataset from a survey that asked the executive managers of Russian regional companies to assess the impact on their management activities in late 2015. The key findings are as follows. First, approximately half of those interviewed perceived the economic sanctions as having a negative impact. Second, no regional variations in the impact of the sanctions could be found. It follows that financial sanctions, aimed at an entire nation, exert a significant and geographically uniform impact. Moreover, even regional businesses near the Asia-Pacific region, holding strong connections with Asian countries, cannot avoid its impact.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123236308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Has Monetary Policy Framework Changes Affected the Model and Effect of the Money Demand Function in Thailand?","authors":"Takaharu Ishii","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3347437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3347437","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates whether Thailand’s change to an inflation targeting monetary policy framework in 2000 changed the model and the effect of monetary policy by estimating a money demand function. <br><br>It obtained fourth finding. First, the monetary policy framework change did not affect the appropriate money demand function model. Second, Adoption of an inflation targeting policy occurs structural change. Third, the effect of monetary policy changes with the adoption of an inflation targeting policy. Interest rate elasticity is positive before the framework change but negative after the framework change. Its value is weak, however. Fourth, the interest rate elasticity of the package (M2,r) is stable and predictive.<br><br>This suggests that the national interest rate, rather than the exchange rate and foreign interest rates, is important to managing monetary policy. It also suggests that the same money demand function used in analyzing developed countries can be applied.<br>","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128231974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the Geographical Structure of Trade in Central Asia: Real Flows in the 1989-2016 Period Versus Gravity Model Predictions","authors":"Behrooz Gharleghi, V. Popov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3250746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3250746","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1980s, six former southern republics of the USSR (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan), like other former Soviet republics, traded very intensively both between themselves and with the other Soviet republics, but had a meagre volume of trade with the rest of the world. After the transition to the market, the deregulation of foreign trade, and the collapse of the USSR in the 1990s, trade between the former Soviet republics shrank dramatically and was only partially replaced by trade with other countries, mostly from Western Europe. In the 2000s and 2010s, the relative importance of trade with Western Europe has declined and the share of trade with China and other Asian countries has grown. This paper compares changes in the geographical structure of trade of both former Soviet republics (Central Asian countries and Azerbaijan) and Turkey, with the predictions of the gravity model. The gravity model suggests that trade between two countries is proportionate to their respective GDPs and is inversely related to the geographical distance between them.2 Turkey serves as a yardstick for comparison. For Turkey, changes in its geographical trade structure resulted from a rise in the proportion of trade with Asian countries and a decline in the proportion of trade with other regions in the world economy. In contrast, for the former Soviet republics there was an additional reason for changes in their geographical trade structure: the collapse of trade within the former USSR.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125124459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ignorance and the Incentive Structure Confronting Policymakers","authors":"Scott Scheall","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3240070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3240070","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines one of the considerations that determines the extent to which policymakers pursue the objectives demanded by constituents. The nature and extent of their ignorance serve to determine the incentives confronted by policymakers to pursue their constituents' demands. The paper also considers several other consequences of policymaker ignorance.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130204052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Анализ и оценка рисков в системе менеджмента качества образовательной организации (Analysis and Assessment of Risks in the Management System Quality of Educational Organization)","authors":"T. Borisova","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3316038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3316038","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Russian Abstract:</b> Статья посвящена проблемам анализа и оценки рисков в системах менеджмента качества (СМК) образовательных организаций в соответствии с требованиями стандарта ГОСТ Р ИСО 9001-2015 (ISO 9001:2015), в комплексном применении стандартов ISO других семейств. <br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> The article is devoted to the problems of risk analysis and assessment in quality management systems (QMS) of educational organizations in accordance with the requirements of GOST R ISO 9001-2015 (ISO 9001:2015), in the complex application of ISO standards of other series.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126084196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achievements and Challenges of Ecuador’s Education Sector in the 21st Century","authors":"Diego F. Angel-Urdinola, Priscila Vera Jibaja","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3180271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3180271","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an overview of the achievements and challenges of Ecuador's education sector since year 2000. Ecuador has introduced significant reforms and has made important investments in the education sector, which have gone hand in hand with improvements in education access and quality. Nevertheless, Ecuador’s education system still has challenges to address. Learning gaps between regions and ethnic groups continue to be substantial, education quality displays important deficiencies, and investments in higher education have not yet contributed to improve labor productivity. The system needs to assure that education policies and programs are adequately monitored, evaluated, and aligned with education quality and learning. Sustaining some of the policy choices implemented in recent years will put substantial pressure to the country’s budget in the medium term due to the country’s new fiscal situation. In such context, the Government will need to promote more efficient and equitable expenditures on education and prioritize investments on policies that are proven to be most effective.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129269773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estabilización, Crecimiento Y Política Cambiaria En Venezuela (Stabilization, Growth and Exchange Policy in Venezuela)","authors":"F. Sáez, Leonardo V. Vera, Luis Zambrano Sequín","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3150688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3150688","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Spanish Abstract:</b> En este documento revisamos la literatura relacionada con el rol de la política cambiaria.en los programas de estabilización y reforma estructural en los países exportadores de materias primas, con especial énfasis en los países petroleros. Con base en esta literatura, se desarrolla una propuesta de política cambiaria que permita estabilizar la economía y estimular el crecimiento económico en Venezuela. <b>English Abstract:</b> In this document we review the literature related to the role of the exchange policy in stabilization programs and structural reforms in countries that export raw materials, with special emphasis on oil economies. Based on this literature, we developed a proposal for exchange rate policy to stabilize and stimulate economic growth in Venezuela.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122768378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Measure a Performance of a Collaborative Research Centre","authors":"Alona Zharova, Janine Tellinger-Rice, W. Härdle","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3133780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3133780","url":null,"abstract":"New Public Management helps universities and research institutions to perform in a highly competitive research environment. Evaluating publicly financed research results improves transparency, helps in reflection and self-assessment, and provides information for strategic decision making. In this paper we provide empirical evidence using data from a Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) on financial inputs and research output from 2005 to 2016. After selecting performance indicators suitable for a CRC, we describe main properties of the data using visualization techniques. To study the relationship between the dimensions of research performance, we use a time fixed effects panel data model and fixed effects Poisson model. With the help of year dummy variables, we show how the pattern of research productivity changed over time after controlling for staff and travel costs. The joint depiction of the time fixed effects and the research project’s life cycle allows a better understanding of the development of the number of discussion papers over time.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123322457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization Strategies for Solving Students' Digital Equality and Scholarly Outcomes","authors":"K. Lam","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3007304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3007304","url":null,"abstract":"Previous work by Lam, February, 2017 and Lam, October, 2016 show that social objects, cultural identities and personality form another kind of Roger Penrose’s three world philosophy. Using the statistical data obtained from the Centre for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR) in United States, one can determine the relationship between the aforementioned fields. This can be done through the Principal Component Analysis method by using the statistical software “R”. It is hoped that this data can be used to validate the sociological aspect of the three worlds philosophy. Certainly, there are comments made against the proposed theory. This study will investigate some of the main one and suggest possible solutions. Furthermore, by analysing the data, one cannot only study current ICT usage amongst students but even predict their future tendency. In doing so, the way in which social objects influence cultural identity and then later affect the personality through ICT usage can be explored. Because the three fields - social, cultural and psychological have effects on the students’ academic achievements respectively. The three areas both influence in student ICT usage as well as their scholarly results. Indeed, this author finds that the parents’ culture and attitude towards their child’s ICT usage can affect educational performance (Lam, May 2016). As a result, the following separate elements: (1) sociological three world philosophy, (2) parents’ influence, (3) schools’ ICT leadership and (4) studious outcomes can finally coalesce into a new more rationalized connection presented in the form of a framework. This depicts the creative relationship among and helps us inspect how to minimize the digital equality (or inappropriate digital usage) and maximize students’ academic performance. Indeed, realization can be achieved through manipulating both the three world philosophy as well as the parental influence factors. Moreover, school’s successful of ICT pedagogy is related to her leadership that is connected to scholarly results. This means one can optimize (or balance) digital usage and studious outcomes. Then professionals and researchers can develop corresponding strategies such as providing philosophical education for the parents in the handling of child’s ICT usage enquiries etc. Consequently, the digital divide in education created by modern technology usage will be solved.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115191930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free Access to the Sea: Bilateral Transit and Transportation Agreements of LLDCs: Benefits and Bottlenecks-Case India and Nepal","authors":"Deepali Fernandes","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3004789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3004789","url":null,"abstract":"Mongolia and Nepal are both landlocked developing countries with very different economic, trade and development profiles. Despite their dissimilarities, as landlocked countries they face similar transport issues including high transport costs, arising from lack of direct access to the sea, physical distance and administrative burdens associated with double border crossings amongst others. \u0000This paper analyses the trade and transport regimes of Mongolia and Nepal to understand common issues in the context of their relationship with key trade and transit partners. For instance while both countries have equal protection of the international legislative and normative frameworks, a key challenge is actualizing “free access to the sea”. \u0000Based on this analysis the paper seeks to set out policy recommendations for consideration from the trade, transit, trade facilitation and international regulatory framework perspective.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131796716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}