Regulated Rivers-research & Management最新文献

{"title":"Reallocation of compensation releases to restore river flows and improve instream habitat availability in the Upper Derwent Catchment, Derbyshire, UK","authors":"I. Maddock, M. Bickerton, R. Spence, T. Pickering","doi":"10.1002/RRR.663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/RRR.663","url":null,"abstract":"The Upper Derwent catchment is situated in the Peak District National Park in North Derbyshire, England and \u0000includes the Derwent Valley Reservoir System. The natural inflows to the reservoir system are boosted by flow \u0000diversion schemes from the River Ashop and River Noe, leaving almost dry stretches in these rivers for long periods of time. Compensation releases are made into Jaggers Clough and the River Derwent. This study examined the possibility of altering the operation of the diversion scheme and compensation flow releases, both temporally and \u0000spatially to restore flows within these dry reaches. The overall intention was to minimize the ecological impacts of \u0000regulation in the four rivers whilst protecting the yield of this critical public water supply. \u0000The study utilized the Physical Habitat Simulation System (PHABSIM) to identify and compare feasible operational changes. This technique enables quantitative comparisons of the suitable habitat available under different \u0000flow regime scenarios. \u0000Brown Trout is the most abundant fish species in the Upper Derwent streams, with Grayling, Brook Lamprey and \u0000Bullhead also present. The invertebrate fauna is typical of upland streams with neutral to acid waters. The ecological data were assessed to identify suitable target species/life stages for use with PHABSIM. Brown Trout, Grayling and four invertebrate families (Rhyacophilidae, Leuctridae, Chloroperlidae and Heptageniidae) were selected. \u0000Habitat mapping along four stretches of river totalling 10 km was carried out in the summer of 1998, followed by \u0000PHABSIM fieldwork on 24 transects in the autumn. This information was utilized to examine the tradeoffs in habitat availability between reinstating flows in the dry stretches of river, and reducing compensation flows elsewhere to minimize the supply impact. Various operating scenarios were examined and two sets of compensation control rules proposed for normal and drought years. Each set included seasonal variability in the rules. \u0000The PHABSIM work described here is the first stage in the process of developing a more ecologically acceptable \u0000flow regime in the Upper Derwent catchment. The decision on the final implementation will be subject to further \u0000resource modelling and negotiation between the Environment Agency, the water company and local interested \u0000stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":306887,"journal":{"name":"Regulated Rivers-research & Management","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114362053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BANK PROFILE AND STRUCTURE AS DETERMINANTS OF MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES —SEASONAL CHANGES AND MANAGEMENT","authors":"P. Armitage, K. Lattmann, N. Kneebone, I. Harris","doi":"10.1002/RRR.657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/RRR.657","url":null,"abstract":"Management and restoration procedures in rivers frequently have a major influence on the bank and marginal zone, depending on the timing of disturbance and the eventual structure of the bank. This study examines changes in macroinvertebrate communities in four different bank types at 3-weekly intervals throughout a year. The banks differed in their profile and in their structure: shallow sloping and vegetated, stepped shallow profile, steep profile (eroded soil bank), and iron revetments. Velocity patterns over the year showed much variability, both between and within bank types ranging from standing water in the summer to velocities in excess of 0.9 m s -1 in the winter. The shallow-sloping vegetated site supported a total of 115 taxa, in contrast to the artificial iron revetment, on which only 32 taxa were recorded. Total abundances were five to six times greater in the shallow vegetated sites compared with the steeply sloped and artificial banks. Highest abundances were recorded in the late spring (May/June) and most taxa were found in August and September. Fluctuations in both abundance and number of taxa were least on the reveted bank. Ordination of the fauna/site matrix revealed a seasonal separation with specific winter and summer communities. The results suggest that the bankside is a dynamic environment where communities change in relation to growth of bankside vegetation and its concomitant effect on flow. The implications of these findings to management activities and restoration procedures are discussed.","PeriodicalId":306887,"journal":{"name":"Regulated Rivers-research & Management","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128923678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological integrity of river–floodplain systems—assessment by dragonfly surveys (Insecta: Odonata)","authors":"A. Chovanec, J. Waringer","doi":"10.1002/RRR.664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/RRR.664","url":null,"abstract":"Dragonflies are reliable indicators of the ecological quality of land-water ecotones, habitat heterogeneity and the hydrological dynamics of water bodies. In recent years, surveys of dragonfly communities have become a powerful tool for the ecological assessment of floodplain areas. The goal of this paper is to present a new approach towards assessing the ecological integrity of river-floodplain systems by analysing resident breeding dragonfly species. The methodology is based on experiences with existing approaches using macroinvertebrates as bioindicators, in particular, calculations of saprobic indices, longitudinal zonation and functional feeding group patterns. In addition to the total number of species and the number of sensitive species, the 'Odonate Habitat Index' (OHI) is a key element of the assessment method. It indicates characteristic features of a river-floodplain system, such as connectivity aspects, flow dynamics and terrestrialization processes. The OHI is calculated from the species-specific habitat values (expressing habitat preferences), abundances and the species-specific indication weight, which distinguishes eurytopic from stenotopic species. The comparison of the status quo with a reference condition allows an assessment of individual water bodies and/or of a whole area in a five-tiered classification scheme. The approach presented may also be used for the evaluation of restoration measures (e.g. reconnection of side arms) and for the definition of management objectives. Apart from the methodological framework, the results of a first application of this approach are presented in the paper as well. The study areas were selected floodplain systems of the Austrian section of the Danube and man-made inshore structures of the impounded Danube section in Vienna.","PeriodicalId":306887,"journal":{"name":"Regulated Rivers-research & Management","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132383875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors regulating brown trout populations in two French rivers: application of a dynamic population model","authors":"V. Gouraud, J. Baglinière, P. Baran, C. Sabaton, P. Lim, D. Ombredane","doi":"10.1002/RRR.655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/RRR.655","url":null,"abstract":"A dynamic population model was developed to study the impact of biotic and abiotic environmental factors on changes in trout populations. The model is based on the Leslie Matrix and simulates population change by age class in terms of biological parameters (i.e. fish survival, fertility, growth rates), which are dependent on environmental conditions. Changes in physical habitat, expressed as Weighted Usable Area, cause displacement of fish and increased mortality. Calculations were made at 1-month intervals to account for the effect of climatic variations on the population. The model was used to analyze the dynamics of two trout populations, quite different in terms of their biological characteristics: one in Lower Normandy in the Oir watershed and the other in the Pyrenees Mountains in the Neste d'Oueil watershed. Application of the model to those populations revealed two types of stabilizing mechanisms. The first was a capacity for population restoration, which is well-represented by the model through the phenomenon of density-dependent mortality in the first months of life. The second was adjustment of the adult population to the carrying capacity of the environment. The two applications demonstrate the utility of this type of model for understanding and simulating the dynamics of different cohorts of a population. Coupling habitat models and dynamic population models facilitates the identification of key periods during which carrying capacity-related to the hydrology-becomes a limiting factor for fish. This brings new perspectives to water management and may facilitate analysis of instream flow requirements related to water development projects, such as hydropower plants.","PeriodicalId":306887,"journal":{"name":"Regulated Rivers-research & Management","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133862077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannibalism governing mortality of juvenile brown trout, Salmo trutta, in a regulated stream","authors":"J. Vik, R. Borgstrøm, Ø. Skaala","doi":"10.1002/RRR.647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/RRR.647","url":null,"abstract":"Although lake-dwelling trout frequently eat smaller conspecifics in the absence of other fish prey, there are fewer reports of cannibalism in stream populations. However, a coarse riverbed structure and low discharge may facilitate cannibalism by providing pools for large fish whilst limiting refuges for small ones. We estimated the autumn size structure and density of the seatrout population in a regulated stream in western Norway over a period of 12 years. Bioenergetics models were used to relate energy intake in large trout (≥ 17 cm) to the biomass of small fish present. The number of 0 + trout in autumn decreased with increasing abundance of large trout (log-log regression, nonlinear R 2 = 0.80, n = 10, p = 0.0005). The size distribution of 0 + trout in autumn had a lower mean, but more positive skewness, when many small fish were present. Twenty percent of the large trout sampled had parr of trout or salmon Salmo salar in their stomach. The total food consumption estimated for large trout exceeded the total energy content of small fish in years with few small per large trout. We conclude that cannibalism appears to be an important cause of small-fish mortality in this stream, regulating the abundance and size distribution of small trout. In streams with low discharge, weir building can improve conditions for large trout, presumably reducing the density of small fish. However, it is difficult to predict the net effect on smolt production of improved growth but increased mortality.","PeriodicalId":306887,"journal":{"name":"Regulated Rivers-research & Management","volume":"56 11-12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114036847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eighth international symposium on the ecology of regulated streams (EISORS)","authors":"Sue Lane","doi":"10.1002/RRR.670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/RRR.670","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306887,"journal":{"name":"Regulated Rivers-research & Management","volume":"376 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133797862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of flood interruption on species richness, diversity and floristic composition of woody regeneration in the upper rhine alluvial hardwood forest","authors":"Anne-Frédérique Deiller, J. Walter, M. Trémolières","doi":"10.1002/RRR.649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/RRR.649","url":null,"abstract":"Regulation works in the Upper Rhine carried out since the 19th century have drastically modified the floodplain forest ecosystem in the Alsace Plain. These works have disconnected the largest part of the riparian forest from the river and interrupted the flooding. This study aims at assessing the effects of the flood interruption on woody regeneration in three hardwood stands: one still liable to flooding, the second one unflooded for 30 years and the third one unflooded for 130 years. Fieldwork was carried out to determine the species richness of seed rain, seed bank and extant vegetation of the regeneration understorey. The potential species richness was calculated using the first-order jackknife estimator. In addition, floristic composition and diversity indices of extant vegetation were calculated. Results show that species richness of the seed bank is lower than seed rain and extant vegetation. The species richness of the extant vegetation increases with the duration of interruption of the floods in the Rhine forest as a result of introduction of flood-intolerant species in the unflooded forest. Although species richness of the extant vegetation was the lowest in the flooded site Shannon-Weaver diversity and equitability were found to be the highest, because the disturbance caused by floods allows a more equal coexistence of several species. Conversely, in the unflooded sites, a small number of species represent most of the woody individuals of the regeneration phase. Implications of flood restoration on species richness and diversity of the regeneration compartment are discussed.","PeriodicalId":306887,"journal":{"name":"Regulated Rivers-research & Management","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116450007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field experiments on stranding in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo Salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) during rapid flow decreases caused by hydropeaking","authors":"S. Saltveit, J. Halleraker, J. Arnekleiv, A. Harby","doi":"10.1002/RRR.652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/RRR.652","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments showed that sudden reductions in river flow may cause high mortality of juvenile salmonids through stranding. A 75-m 2 enclosure in the drawdown zone of a regulated river was stocked with a known number of wild 0 + and/or 1 + wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta). The number stranded was estimated by counting the surviving fish collected in a bag as they left the enclosure. In general, a far higher incidence of fish stranding was found during winter conditions (< 4.5°C) compared with the higher temperatures during late summer and early autumn. This is probably mainly because of lower fish activity during the cold season and a substrate seeking behaviour especially during daytime. Stranding was lower at night, probably because of a predominant night active behaviour. Hatchery salmon behaved oppositely to wild fish, and studies based on cultivated fish may give wrong conclusions as to the consequences of hydropeaking. Searching for fish in the substrate underestimated the consequences of sudden flow reductions, as fish were difficult to find. Stranding is not equal to mortality, as fish were found to survive for several hours in the substrate after dewatering. Long shut down procedures of the turbines during daytime, decreased stranding of Atlantic salmon (7-9 cm) drastically under spring conditions. Temperature, season and light conditions have the most pronounced effect on stranding of juvenile salmonids. It is possible to reduce stranding by taking into account these ecological considerations during hydropeaking operations.","PeriodicalId":306887,"journal":{"name":"Regulated Rivers-research & Management","volume":"2004 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127325933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of consumers and food resources to a high magnitude, unpredicted flood in the upper Mississippi River basin","authors":"M. Delong, J. Thorp, Kim S. Greenwood, Michael C. Miller","doi":"10.1002/RRR.614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/RRR.614","url":null,"abstract":"The Mississippi and Missouri Rivers experienced flooding in 1993 that fell outside the annual predictable flood period of spring and early summer. Flooding began in late June, peaked in late July (25 232 m3/s on the upper Mississippi and 21 240 m3/s on the Missouri) and remained at or near flood stage into October 1993. This study was performed to determine if disturbance by an unpredicted flood event would alter trophic dynamics of river–floodplain systems by creating shifts in the composition of organic matter available to consumers. The Ohio River, which did not flood during the same period, was examined for comparison. Stable isotopic ratios of carbon and nitrogen from samples collected in 1993 and 1994 were used to characterize potential food sources and determine linkages between food sources and invertebrate and fish consumers. Pairwise contrasts, performed separately for each river, indicated there were few interannual differences in δ13C and δ15N of organic matter sources and consumers. Between sample period (flood year versus normal water year) trends in both flooded rivers were similar to between-year trends observed for the Ohio River. Trophic structure of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers was similar in both years, with fine and ultra-fine transported organic matter and dissolved organic matter representing the major sources of organic matter. Overlapping isotopic signatures in the Missouri River made tracking of sources through the consumers difficult, but similarities in δ13C and δ15N between years indicated trophic structure did not change in response to the flood. The results suggest that consumers continued to rely on sources of organic matter that would be used in the absence of the unpredicted 1993 flood. It is proposed that trophic structure did not change in response to flooding in the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers because both rivers exhibited the same trends observed in the Ohio River. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","PeriodicalId":306887,"journal":{"name":"Regulated Rivers-research & Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128565618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-dimensional sediment transport modeling of pool recovery along a mountain channel after a reservoir sediment release","authors":"S. Rathburn, E. Wohl","doi":"10.1002/RRR.617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/RRR.617","url":null,"abstract":"A reservoir sediment release along the North Fork Cache la Poudre River (North Fork) in northern Colorado resulted in a massive fish kill and channel sedimentation that filled pools critical to fish as overwinter habitat. Recognition of the hazards associated with a large influx of sediment into a riverine ecosystem is critical for a greater understanding of the effects of sediment releases, and hence, future management of sediment within reservoirs. Two one-dimensional sediment transport models, HEC-6 and GSTARS 2.0, were evaluated for applicability to predict sediment removal along the steep gradient, bedrock-controlled pool-riffle North Fork. The ability of both models to identify flushing discharges that assist channel recovery was also evaluated. Two modeling scenarios representing a low and high flushing discharge were modeled. Within each scenario, two levels of simulations were conducted to represent conditions of data availability, a default simulation for limited data input, and a robust simulation that utilized the entire set of field data, collected over a 1-year period. The models were calibrated against quantitative measurements of pool bed elevation obtained during field resurveys. Preliminary analyses were conducted to identify the appropriate sediment transport equations. HEC-6 results indicate that long-term, robust simulations yield the closest agreement between predicted and measured pool bed elevation change. More than 50% of the actual scour and deposition within three pools was modeled using HEC-6. Modeling accuracy using GSTARS 2.0 was considerably lower, and it appears that the present construct of the model does not reflect the physical processes operating along the North Fork. Computer models are useful tools in the sediment management decision process, provided adequate data collection and calibration are conducted. In situations where restrictions exist on available flushing discharges, sediment transport modeling can assist management decisions, and modeling is always preferable to uncalibrated estimates. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","PeriodicalId":306887,"journal":{"name":"Regulated Rivers-research & Management","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129834027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}