Regulated Rivers-research & Management最新文献

{"title":"Sediment deposition along the channel margins of a reach of the middle River Severn, UK","authors":"J. Steiger, A. Gurnell, G. Petts","doi":"10.1002/RRR.644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/RRR.644","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates vegetational, hydrological and geomorphological influences on sedimentation within the river margin of a 1.7 km, sinuous reach of the River Severn, UK. The empirical study was designed to investigate the impact of the following factors on riparian zone sediment deposition: (i) land use, (ii) channel planform location, (iii) the flood stage at which inundation occurs, (iv) submersion time, (v) flood event timing and ordering. Sedimentation was observed using sediment traps located on 48 sample plots within four sites (one on pasture, one within a poplar plantation and two within mixed riparian woodland) during four flood events. A total of 177 observations of sediment deposition were analysed for total dry weight of sediment, particle size and organic content. All sample plots were located within a 30 m wide ribbon of the riparian zone, immediately above the limit of perennial vegetation (i.e. the edge of the low flow channel). Patterns and rates of sedimentation differed between flood events. Whilst significant differences were found in sedimentation between the four sample sites, these were interpreted to be more a function of planform location than land use. The most marked variations were found in the quantity, particle size and organic content of deposited sediment according to riparian zone cross-sectional morphology and elevation. Highest sedimentation occurred within a 1 m elevation band that correlated with the channel-ward face of a morphological bench. Percentage sand content of deposited sediment exhibited a change from approximately 35% in a band extending from the low flow channel to a 1 m elevation above the morphological bench edge to approximately 10% above this level. Organic matter content was low (less than 5%) in sediment deposited up to a 1 m elevation above the edge of the morphological bench. Above this level, there was a gradual increase in organic matter content. These observations suggest a link between the form of the riparian zone and the sedimentation process. The relative influence of vegetational, hydrological and geomorphological influences on sedimentation characteristics are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":306887,"journal":{"name":"Regulated Rivers-research & Management","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123287905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydromorphological control of phosphorus in a large free‐flowing gravel bed river: the Garonne River (France)","authors":"S. Garay, S. Sauvage, P. Vervier","doi":"10.1002/RRR.662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/RRR.662","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to relate phosphorus (P) transport dynamics and hydromorphological characteristics of a large human-influenced river, the River Garonne within a sector receiving the waste water of a sewage treatment plant for a population of 600000. Two studies were conducted in 1997 and 1999 during two different hydrological conditions at low-flow periods. The 1997 study was carried out on an 18-km stretch with discharges varying between 33 and 53 m 3 /s and with very small fluctuations. The 1999 study concerned a longer stretch of 47 km, divided into four smaller reaches, and with discharges fluctuating rapidly from 40 to 108 m 3 /s. Downstream of the sewage treatment plant, total phosphorus (TP) concentrations ranged from 0.19 to 0.27 mg/L and were mainly in the dissolved form: between 60 and 78% of TP was dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP). P concentrations were significantly lower upstream of the sewage treatment plant. By a mass-balance approach, we estimated that the sewage treatment plant represents more than half the input (between 59 and 67%) of the studied sector. TP dynamic is linked to suspended solids for discharges above 60 m 3 /s. During established low-flow period in the 1997 study ( 60 m 3 /s, P retention is controlled as expected by suspended matter dynamics. We conclude that management of the hydrological regime can influence P retention during sensitive low-water periods.","PeriodicalId":306887,"journal":{"name":"Regulated Rivers-research & Management","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123321901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macroinvertebrate instream flow studies after 20 years: A role in stream management and restoration","authors":"J. Gore, J. Layzer, J. Mead","doi":"10.1002/RRR.650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/RRR.650","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two decades of refinement and application of instream flow evaluations, we have examined the hydraulic habitat of aquatic macroinvertebrates in a variety of conditions, along with the role of these macroinvertebrates in sustaining ecosystem integrity. Instream flow analyses assume that predictable changes in channel flow characteristics can, in turn, be used to predict the change in the density or distribution of lotic species or, more appropriately, the availability of useable habitat for those species. Five major hydraulic conditions most affect the distribution and ecological success of lotic biota: suspended load, bedload movement, and water column effects, such as turbulence, velocity profile, and substratum interactions (near-bed hydraulics). The interactions of these hydraulic conditions upon the morphology and behavior of the individual organisms govern the distribution of aquatic biota. Historically, management decisions employing the Physical Habitat Simulation (PHABSIM) have focused upon prediction of available habitat for life stages of target fish species. Regulatory agencies have rarely included evaluation of benthos for flow reservations. Although taxonomic discomfort' may be cited for the reluctant use or creation of benthic criteria, we suggest that a basic misunderstanding of the links between benthic macroinvertebrate and the fish communities is still a problem. This is derived from the lack of a perceived value' that can be assigned to macroinvertebrate species. With the exception of endangered mussel species (for which PHABSIM analysis is probably inappropriate), this is understandable. However, it appears that there is a greater ability to predict macroinvertebrate distribution (that is, a response to the change in habitat quality or location) and diversity without complex population models. Also, habitat suitability criteria for water quality indicator taxa (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera; the so-called EPTs') may also provide additional management options to stream regulators. The greatest application for macroinvertebrate criteria will be in low-order streams where a more immediate link to fish communities can be established. We present an example from Queens Creek, in North Carolina, USA, in which monthly allocations required to preserve the integrity of the benthic macroinvertebrate community were significantly higher than for the target benthic fish species, Cottus bairdi. In the months when both Cottus and community diversity of macroinvertebrates were the bottleneck' life stages, preservation of only fish species could result in an additional 5-25% loss in macroinvertebrate habitat. We suggest that, as there becomes an increased emphasis on maintaining macroinvertebrates as monitors of stream health, there will be a concurrent emphasis on incorporating hydraulic habitat conditions as a part of bioassessment.","PeriodicalId":306887,"journal":{"name":"Regulated Rivers-research & Management","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115122228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional‐scale effects of flow regulation on lowland riverine fish communities in New South Wales, Australia","authors":"P. Gehrke, J. Harris","doi":"10.1002/RRR.648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/RRR.648","url":null,"abstract":"Lowland reaches of 40 rivers in New South Wales, Australia, were designated as 'regulated' or unregulated', depending upon the degree to which flows were modified by the operation of a dam upstream. Five replicate rivers of each type were selected from the North Coast, South Coast, Darling and Murray regions in the State. Fish communities in each river were sampled in summer and winter in two consecutive years. Regulated and unregulated rivers contained significantly different fish communities, although communities in each region retained characteristic features. The proportion of native species in the total catch was greater in unregulated rivers in all regions, ranging from 27% in the Murray region to 100% in South Coast rivers. In regulated rivers, native species made up 20% of the catch in the Murray region compared with a maximum of 99% in the North Coast. Carp. Cyprinus carpio, were the main alien species contributing to changes in the proportional abundance of native fish. Native species most affected by river regulation were western carp gudgeons, Hypseleotris spp., bony herring, Nematalosa erebi, and striped gudgeons, Gobiomorphus australis. Fifteen native species showed some effect of river regulation on their population structures. Individual species showed positive, negative or mixed positive and negative, effects of regulation, at population, species or community levels. Three abundant alien species and seven native species showed only positive or mixed responses, whereas 13 native species exhibited only negative effects, Flow regulation has reduced the resilience of New South Wales rivers and native fish communities to invasion by alien species. New research has commenced to investigate whether recently introduced environmental flow rules are effective in reducing the effects of river flow alteration on fish communities in New South Wales rivers.","PeriodicalId":306887,"journal":{"name":"Regulated Rivers-research & Management","volume":"487 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123557627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding natural patterns and processes in river corridors as the basis for effective river restoration","authors":"J. Ward, K. Tockner, U. Uehlinger, F. Malard","doi":"10.1002/RRR.646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/RRR.646","url":null,"abstract":"An Erratum has been published for this article in Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 17 (6) 2001, 311–323. \u0000 \u0000Running water ecology is a young science, the conceptual foundations of which were derived largely from research conducted in Europe and North America. However, virtually all European river corridors were substantially regulated well before the science of river ecology developed. While regulation of North American river systems occurred later than in European systems, river ecology also developed later. Therefore, there is a general impression of rivers as being much less heterogeneous and much more stable than they actually are in the natural state. The thesis of this paper is that established research and management concepts may fail to fully recognize the crucial roles of habitat heterogeneity and fluvial dynamics owing to a lack of fundamental knowledge of the structural and functional features of morphologically intact river corridors. Until quite recently, most concepts in river ecology were based on the implicit assumption that rivers are stable, single-thread channels isolated from adjacent floodplains. Unfortunately, many rivers are in just such a state, but it should be recognized that this is not the natural condition. This incomplete understanding constrains scientific advances in river ecology and renders management and restoration initiatives less effective. Examples are given of the high level of spatio-temporal heterogeneity that may be attained in rivers where natural processes still operate on a large scale. The objective of this paper is to promulgate a broader and more integrative understanding of natural processes in river corridors as a necessary prelude to effective river conservation and management. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","PeriodicalId":306887,"journal":{"name":"Regulated Rivers-research & Management","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122033887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scales of hydroecological variability within a groundwater‐dominated stream","authors":"P. Wood, D. Hannah, Agnew, G. Petts","doi":"10.1002/RRR.658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/RRR.658","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to show how hydrological, ecological and climatological data may be analysed to assess the temporal and spatial scales at which hydroclimatological variables influence instream ecology. A groundwater-dominated chalk stream (Little Stour River, Kent, UK), for which ecological data are available over 6 years (1992-1997), provides the focus for the testing and application of these techniques. Correlation and regression analyses are undertaken to highlight the dominant hydroclimatological factors influencing community abundance at a range of spatial scales encompassing: the entire river, upstream and downstream sectors, habitat type (riffle) and individual riffle sites. To set these results in a longer-term context, temporal sequencing of annual air temperature and discharge regimes is undertaken (based upon 30 years of data, 1969-1999). A classification of annual discharge hydrograph shape and magnitude identifies years with early, intermediate or late peaks, which may be assigned into three magnitude groups. Four annual air temperature magnitude classes are apparent. The regime analysis clearly reveals inter-annual variability in both these key physical habitat parameters. Analysis of variance indicates a significant difference in macroinvertebrate community abundance for the hydrograph shape, magnitude and combined classes identified at all scales of analysis, although the influence of air temperature only varied significantly between riffle sites. The techniques used may be easily adapted to water resource management.","PeriodicalId":306887,"journal":{"name":"Regulated Rivers-research & Management","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134318402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annual dynamics of the fish stock in a backwater of the River Dyje","authors":"S. Lusk, K. Halačka, V. Lusková, V. Horák","doi":"10.1002/RRR.660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/RRR.660","url":null,"abstract":"Canalization of the lower reaches of the River Dyje included the isolation of its meanders. One of these meander lakes remained connected at its downstream end with the River Dyje at river kilometre (r. km) 4.44. The meander lake was 500 m long, with a width varying from 30 to 50 m, and a surface area of 1.2-2.0 ha depending on the water level in the river. In 1997-1999 we studied the temporal changes in the species composition of the fish stock, using gill nets and electrofishing. We found 38 fish species in the backwater under study. Cyprinid fishes were most common, especially Rutilus rutilus, Alburnus alburnus, Abramis brama, A. ballerus, Blicca bjoerkna, Carassius auratus. We also caught rare species such as Abramis sapa, Pelecus cultratus and Gymnocephalus schraetser, or species new to the Czech Republic, Sander volgense, Gymnocephalus baloni and Proterorhinus marmoratus. In addition to the cyprinid species mentioned above, we also found Esox lucius, Sander lucioperca, Perca fluviatilis and Gymnocephalus cernuus spawning in the backwater. There was also a permanent population of Cobitis elongatoides. The fish stock in the backwater was highly variable. Species diversity, size structure and abundance varied over the course of the year. It was markedly affected by the water discharge in the River Dyje. The results obtained document the importance of river backwaters for the fish communities inhabiting the river channel.","PeriodicalId":306887,"journal":{"name":"Regulated Rivers-research & Management","volume":"233 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131291396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MAN-MADE SECONDARY CHANNELS ALONG THE RIVER RHINE (THE NETHERLANDS); RESULTS OF POST-PROJECT MONITORING","authors":"Jennie H.E.J. Simons, C. Bakker, M. Schropp, L. Jans, F. Kok, R. E. Grift","doi":"10.1002/RRR.661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/RRR.661","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to river regulations in the past and intensive farming, the ecological value of the floodplains of the River Rhine in The Netherlands has decreased dramatically. One way to restore riverine biotopes is to create permanently flowing channels in the floodplain. Along the River Waal, the main branch of the Lower River Rhine, two such secondary channels have been created since 1994. A post-project monitoring programme of 5 years was set up, which included hydrological, morphological and ecological parameters. This article focuses on the monitoring of aquatic macrophytes, aquatic macroinvertebrates, fish and wading-birds. The results show that man-made, excavated secondary channels function as a biotope for riverine species including the more demanding rheophilic species. The demands for shipping and protection against flooding on the River Waal cause constraints on secondary channels. Despite these constraints there is still enough space for hydromorphological processes to create new habitats in secondary channel 1, near Opijnen. The space for hydromorphological processes is less in secondary channel 2, near Beneden-Leeuwen. The density and the number of (rheophilic) species are for a large part influenced by the water level and frequent inundation caused by the high hydrological connectivity. Man-made secondary channels seem to provide suitable habitat that is currently lacking for a broad range of rheophilic macroinvertebrate and fish species in the Lower River Rhine in The Netherlands. Owing to the lack of suitable habitats for rheophilic macroinvertebrate and fish species before the creation of the secondary channels, the importance of longitudinal and transversal migration could be illustrated by the drift of macroinvertebrates during floods and the seasonal migration of Age-() and Age-1 + fish species.","PeriodicalId":306887,"journal":{"name":"Regulated Rivers-research & Management","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129546109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of different scale processes for the restoration of floodplain woodlands","authors":"F. Hughes, W. Adams, E. Muller, C. Nilsson, K. Richards, N. Barsoum, H. Décamps, R. Foussadier, Jacky Girel, Hélène Guilloy, A. Hayes, M. Johansson, L. Lambs, G. Pautou, J. Peiry, M. Perrow, F. Vautier, M. Winfield","doi":"10.1002/RRR.656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/RRR.656","url":null,"abstract":"The restoration of floodplain woodlands demands an understanding of the linkages between process, form and past management history at both a local and catchment scale. Site and reach scale processes that influence the species composition of floodplain woodland species are described with a particular focus on the relationships between hydrological and sediment inputs to floodplains and the regeneration response by tree species. The importance of integrating natural science knowledge gained at the site reach scale with decisions taken at the catchment scale on water allocation priorities is then discussed. Research was carried out on the River Ore in Sweden, The River Ouse in the United Kingdom and the River Isere and River Garonne in France. Research results at the site and reach scale allow broad definition of ideal conditions for the regeneration and growth of floodplain tree species and the flows that provide them: (1) channel movement has to occur for the creation of sedimentation sites required for the regeneration of early successional species and the flows that provide them; (2) flooding events should occur periodically to cause both channel movement and recharge floodplain water tables; (3) water table decline rates following a flood event must be slow enough that seedling roots can maintain contact with the retreating water front; (4) unseasonal flood events can cause high mortality of seedlings and prevent successful regeneration in any season. Some of the requirements for the restoration of floodplain woodlands can be delivered through site and reach scale restoration projects with reasonably predictable ecological outcomes. A more holistic approach to the provision of regeneration sites for floodplain woodlands would also include water allocation decisions targeted at providing flow conditions which could restore geomorphological processes. However, it is difficult to predict ecosystem responses to catchment scale flow allocation measures and, therefore, in the intensively managed river corridors of Western Europe, river restoration initiatives tend to be restricted to the site and reach scale.","PeriodicalId":306887,"journal":{"name":"Regulated Rivers-research & Management","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133908110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXOTIC AND NATIVE VEGETATION ESTABLISHMENT FOLLOWING CHANNELIZATION OF A WESTERN IBERIAN RIVER","authors":"F. Aguiar, M. T. Ferreira, I. Moreira","doi":"10.1002/RRR.642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/RRR.642","url":null,"abstract":"Channelization is often a major cause of human impacts on river systems. It affects both hydrogeomorphic features and habitat characteristics and potentially impacts riverine flora and fauna. Human-disturbed fluvial ecosystems also appear to be particularly vulnerable to exotic plant establishment. Following a 12-year recovery period, the distribution, composition and cover of both exotic and native plant species were studied along a Portuguese lowland river segment, which had been subjected to resectioning, straightening and two-stage bank reinforcement, and were compared with those of a nearby, less impacted segment. The species distribution was also related to environmental data. Species richness and floristic composition in the channelized river segment were found to be similar to those at the more ‘natural’ river sites. Floral differences were primarily consistent with the dominance of cover by certain species. However, there were significant differences in exotic and native species richness and cover between the ‘natural’ corridor and the channelized segment, which was more susceptible to invasion by exotic perennial taxa, such as Eryngium pandanifolium, Paspalum paspalodes, Tradescantia fluminensis and Acacia dealbata. Factorial and canonical correspondence analyses revealed considerable patchiness in the distribution of species assemblages. The latter were associated with small differences in substrate composition and their own relative position across the banks and along the river segments in question. Data was also subjected to an unweighted pair-group arithmetic average clustering, and the Indicator Value methodology was applied to selected cluster noda in order to obtain significant indicator species. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","PeriodicalId":306887,"journal":{"name":"Regulated Rivers-research & Management","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121471225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}