Ana Beatriz Monteiro Ferreira, I. Fischer, L. G. Leite, C. Padovani, C. J. Bueno
{"title":"Culture media to detect and criteria to evaluate and report the activity of extracellular enzymes produced by phytopathogenic fungi","authors":"Ana Beatriz Monteiro Ferreira, I. Fischer, L. G. Leite, C. Padovani, C. J. Bueno","doi":"10.1590/1808-1657000592017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657000592017","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Extracellular enzymes are involved in the fungal pathogenesis in plants. Currently, culture media, data analyses, and data report related to extracellular enzymes produced in vitro conditions are different and therefore, lack standardization. This work aimed to compare the culture media cited on the literature (normal) with the potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) medium combined with a specific compound to produce extracellular enzymes through three soilborne phytopathogenic fungi (F. solani f. sp. passiflorae, S. rolfsii, and R. solani AG-4 HGI), as well as to analyze and report enzyme data based on five different criteria. The assay was randomized, with three factors (culture media, isolates, and enzymes) and six repetitions. The studied enzymes were amylase (AM), carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), lipase (LP), laccase (LC), catalase (CT), and gelatinase (GT). The normal media detected more enzymes and was more precise compared to the PDA medium plus specific compound. The criteria that calculated the area of the circular crown of AM, CMCase, LP, and LC and measured the intensity (0 = absence, up to 4 = intense) of CT and GT adopting note scale were the best to evaluate and report the results of the enzymes. We suggest the normal media culture to study enzyme production, as well as the criteria mentioned to assess and report the data related to enzyme activities.","PeriodicalId":30679,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos do Instituto Biologico","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67202596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. A. D. Silva, P. Degrande, Ellen Patrícia de Souza, C. Carducci, Matheus Fuchs Leal, Matheus Dalla Cort Pereira
{"title":"Entomofauna associated with Avena sativa in southern Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil","authors":"R. A. D. Silva, P. Degrande, Ellen Patrícia de Souza, C. Carducci, Matheus Fuchs Leal, Matheus Dalla Cort Pereira","doi":"10.1590/1808-1657001012017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657001012017","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study was aimed at examining the composition of insects and fluctuations in their populations in Avena sativa in southern Mato Grosso do Sul. The study was carried out at the experimental farm of the Federal University of Grande Dourados (FAECA) in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, in 2014 and 2015, in an area of three hectares divided into 80 plots of 169 m2 each. The assessments were carried out weekly by sampling the area within a 0.25-m2 metal frame, totaling ten evaluations. Within the frame, ten plants were examined for aphids and all plants were inspected for other insects. Based on the faunistic analysis (abundance, constancy, frequency, and dominance), eight species were observed during the two years of study. The most frequent, abundant, dominant, and recurring species were Rhopalosiphum padi, Spodoptera frugiperda and dipterans of the family Syrphidae (hoverfly). The population of R. padi increased until approximately the 40th day after emergence (DAE), when the highest abundance of hoverflies was also observed. After that, the population of R. padi decreased. The aphid R. padi was the main insect observed in A. sativa during the two years of study but were naturally controlled by hoverflies; therefore, chemical intervention was not needed.","PeriodicalId":30679,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos do Instituto Biologico","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67202930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Survival analyses of Diaphorina citri immatures on young citrus orchard in São Paulo, Brazil","authors":"P. Paiva, P. Yamamoto","doi":"10.1590/1808-1657001302018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657001302018","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The survival of eggs and nymphs of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) was estimated on young plants (< 1 year) of Citrus sinensis (cultivar Valencia) grafted on Citrus limonia in 3 seasons (Winter and Spring 2013; and Autumn 2014) in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil. Young shoots with eggs were selected from natural or artificial infestations. Eggs, small nymphs (1st to 3rd instar), and large nymphs (4th and 5th instar) were counted every 3 days. Shoots with large nymphs were caged until the emergence of the adults. The lowest eggs and nymph survival were observed during Winter (0.0%), and Autumn (0.4%); the highest survival rates were recorded during Spring (12.2%). The biotic factor of mortality identified was the parasitism of large nymphs by Tamarixia radiata Waterston (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), observed in all seasons. Air temperatures (minimum and maximum), and air relative humidity (minimum) could not explain the immature survival differences between Spring (12.2%) and Autumn (0.4%). Rainfall during Spring (165 mm) was higher than during Autumn (48 mm) and may have favored the survival of D. citri in the Spring. Adverse abiotic factors seem to be more important on immature D. citri survival than the biotic factor (parasitism).","PeriodicalId":30679,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos do Instituto Biologico","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67203122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Negrini, E. G. Fidelis, D. Schurt, Francisco dos Santos Silva, R. S. Pereira, H. Bizzo
{"title":"Insecticidal activity of essential oils in controlling fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda","authors":"M. Negrini, E. G. Fidelis, D. Schurt, Francisco dos Santos Silva, R. S. Pereira, H. Bizzo","doi":"10.1590/1808-1657001112018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657001112018","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the main pests in maize crop with developing resistance to chemical products and Bt technology. Therefore, alternative control methods such as essential oils are important steps in the implementation management strategies for this pest. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of essential oils (EOs) of Corymbia citriodora, Myrciaria dubia (Myrtaceae), Lippia microphylla (Verbenaceae) and Piper umbelattum (Piperaceae) in controlling S. frugiperda. The OEs were extracted and mortality tests were conducted with topic and volatile applications, in 30 second-instar caterpillars originated from insect rearing and artificial diet. As a control, we conducted tests with distilled water and acetone. EOs that provided mortality rates above 80% were submitted to chemical analysis for constituent identification. The efficient EOs were only those of C. citriodora and L. microphylla. For EO of C. citriodora, the LD80 was 7.06 ± 0.73 mg.g-1 in topical application and 5.85 ± 0.75 µL via volatile application. On the other hand, for EO of L. microphylla, DL80 was 9.95 ± 1.25 mg.g-1 in topical application and 18.56 ± 3.55 µL via volatile application. Chemical analysis showed that the main constituents were citronella for the EO of C. citriodora and (E)-caryophyllene and (E)-nerolidol to the EO of L. microphylla. EOs of C. citriodora and L. microphylla are promising for controlling S. frugiperda, with emphasis on the volatile effect of C. citriodora oil.","PeriodicalId":30679,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos do Instituto Biologico","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/1808-1657001112018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67203011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camila Lampugnani, M. Was, Maike Taís Maziero Montanhini, L. Nero, L. Bersot
{"title":"Quantification of psychrotrophic bacteria and molecular identification of Pseudomonas fluorescens in refrigerated raw milk","authors":"Camila Lampugnani, M. Was, Maike Taís Maziero Montanhini, L. Nero, L. Bersot","doi":"10.1590/1808-1657001212018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657001212018","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, we investigated the contamination of refrigerated raw milk produced in the western region of Paraná, southern Brazil, with psychrotrophic microorganisms, aiming to assay the proteolytic activity of the isolates and to identify Pseudomonas fluorescens, the main proteolytic species associated with the spoilage of milk products. Raw milk samples from 50 dairy farms were submitted to the counting of psychrotrophic microorganisms, being the microbiota characterized by its mesophilic behavior and proteolytic capacity, besides molecular identification of P. fluorescens. Of the samples evaluated, 94% had psychrotrophic counts ranging from 3 to 7.1 log CFU mL-1, and 48.5% of these showed mesophilic behavior. Of the isolates, 48.0% had proteolytic activity in at least one evaluated temperature (21 and 30°C), and 39.3% had proteolytic activity in both temperatures. Among the 61 isolates submitted to molecular identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 86.8% contained the expression of the 16S gene characteristic for P. fluorescens. In this study, we demonstrated that P. fluorescens is the most prevalent psychrotrophic bacteria species in raw refrigerated milk and their proteolytic ability poses high risks to the dairy industry.","PeriodicalId":30679,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos do Instituto Biologico","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67203023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. P. Pinto, L. N. Rickes, M. Zotti, A. Grutzmacher
{"title":"Compared activity of agonist molecules towards ecdysone receptor in insect cell-based screening system","authors":"C. P. Pinto, L. N. Rickes, M. Zotti, A. Grutzmacher","doi":"10.1590/1808-1657000312019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657000312019","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The ecdysone receptor, naturally activated by steroidal hormones, is a key protein for molting and reproduction processes of insects. Artificial activation of such receptor by specific pesticides induces an anomalous process of ecdysis, causing death of insects by desiccation and starvation. In this paper, we established a protocol for screening agonistic molecules towards ecdysone receptor of insect cells line S2 (Diptera) and Sf9 (Lepidoptera), transfected with the reporter plasmid ere.b.act.luc. Therefore, we set dose-response curves with the ecdysteroid 20-hydroxyecdysone, the phytoecdysteroid ponasterone-A, and tebufenozide, a pesticide belonging to the class of diacylhydrazines. In both cell lines, the median effective concentration values on reporter gene induction (EC50) of ponasterone-A was the smallest, meaning the most active agonist molecule. In Sf9 cells, tebufenozide had as smaller EC50 than 20-hydroxyecdysone, indicating the high agonistic capability and lepidopteran specificity. The protocol established in this study can be useful for a quick screening and rational research of site-specific pesticides.","PeriodicalId":30679,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos do Instituto Biologico","volume":"402 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67201868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Regina C B Ferreira, S. Papini, L. C. Luchini, Eliane Vieira
{"title":"Persistence of malathion used in dengue control on household surfaces","authors":"Regina C B Ferreira, S. Papini, L. C. Luchini, Eliane Vieira","doi":"10.1590/1808-1657000042018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657000042018","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Dengue is a viral infection transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. In Brazil, one of the insecticides used to control the mosquito is malathion, which can be diluted in vegetable oil (1:2 v/v). The purpose of this study was to understand the persistence of malathion on different surfaces and soil. Surfaces were contaminated by malathion and then washed with water and soap. The water used to clean the surfaces was extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography with an FID detector. Soil samples received malathion 14C-TG diluted in vegetable oil (1:2 v/v) and were analyzed zero, 3, 7, 18, 32, 60, 120, 240, and 360 days after the application in a liquid scintillation analyzer. Results showed a high persistence of malathion on porous surfaces. Moreover, it did not degrade in the soil for the first 120 days.","PeriodicalId":30679,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos do Instituto Biologico","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67200854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriela Orosco Werlang, Louise Haubert, C. M. Peter, M. Cardoso
{"title":"Isolation of Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus from salami sold at street fairs in Porto Alegre, Brazil","authors":"Gabriela Orosco Werlang, Louise Haubert, C. M. Peter, M. Cardoso","doi":"10.1590/1808-1657000072019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657000072019","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Salami is a ready-to-eat (RTE) product frequently purchased at street fairs in Porto Alegre. Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (CPS) are important causes of foodborne disease and can be transmitted through the consumption of RTE foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of these pathogens in salami sold at street fairs. Ninety salami samples from three commercial brands available at street fairs were analyzed by routine bacteriological methods for Salmonella spp. and Listeria spp., as well as enumeration of CPS. In addition, two samples from each commercial brand were analyzed for water activity (aw). Samples of brand A showed aw values (0.938 and 0.942) above those set by the legislation, while brand B (0.849 and 0.860) and brand C (0.826 and 0.854) were compliant. Microbiological analyses showed that 67.7% were negative to all investigated bacteria. Salmonella Typhimurium was isolated from 4.4% (4/90) of salami samples, all from commercial brand A. Listeria monocytogenes was detected in 3.3% (3/90) of samples, from commercial brands B and C. Moreover, 7.7% (7/90) of samples contained CPS populations non-compliant with legislation. Although the great majority of salami sold at street fairs of Porto Alegre was compliant with standards, S. enterica, L. monocytogenes, and CPS ≥ 5 × 103 cfu.g-1 could be found in this RTE product. Therefore, control measures in the processing industry and consumer’s education about foodborne illness prevention should be maintained.","PeriodicalId":30679,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos do Instituto Biologico","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67200955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Host suitability of grain sorghum and sudangrass for Pratylenchus brachyurus","authors":"Victor Hugo Moura de Souza, M. M. Inomoto","doi":"10.1590/1808-1657000262019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657000262019","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Nowadays, the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus brachyurus (Godfrey) is a major pest of soybean in Brazil, mainly in areas using double cropping with maize or cotton, which are suitable hosts for P. brachyurus. A great effort has been made to find cash crops for P. brachyurus management. Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)] was classified as a non-host for P. brachyurus but based on a single trial. It would be a valuable option as a culture for double cropping with soybean, as it is profitable and can be used in root-lesion nematode management. Sudangrass (S. bicolor var. sudanense) is not directly profitable, but Brazilian farmers favor it because it can produce pasture, green chop, silage, or hay under unfavorable hydric conditions. However, no information is available regarding the suitability of sudangrass for P. brachyurus. Thus, the current study aimed to assess the suitability of grain sorghum and sudangrass for P. brachyurus in two glasshouse trials. The first trial tested sudangrass and grain sorghum ‘DKB 510’, ‘Dow 740’, ‘Dow 822’, ‘DKB 599’, and ‘AG 1040’. The second trial retested sudangrass and grain sorghum ‘Dow 740’ and ‘DKB 599’. The results demonstrated that sudangrass and grain sorghum were suitable hosts for P. brachyurus. These results, in addition to those obtained for other types of sorghum, emphasize that S. bicolor and sudangrass should be avoided in fields infested with P. brachyurus, as they increase the nematode population.","PeriodicalId":30679,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos do Instituto Biologico","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/1808-1657000262019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67201224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcos Saldanha Correa, J. Schwambach, M. B. Mann, J. Frazzon, A. Frazzon
{"title":"Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of the essential oil from dried leaves of Eucalyptus staigeriana","authors":"Marcos Saldanha Correa, J. Schwambach, M. B. Mann, J. Frazzon, A. Frazzon","doi":"10.1590/1808-1657000202018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657000202018","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: In recent years, compounds with biological properties produced by plants have received attention as an alternative to control microorganisms. Essential oils extracted from green leaves of Eucalyptus sp. have been demonstrated to have antimicrobial activities, but so far there are no reports of antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from dried leaves of Eucalyptus staigeriana. So, the objectives of this study were to determine the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from dried leaves of E. staigeriana (EOdlES) and to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of EOdlES against gram-positive and gram-negative, resistance and multiresistant Enterococcus faecalis isolated from food and clinical samples. The characterization of EOdlES was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). For this study, 26 bacterial strains were used, which included 11 reference strains and 15 antibiotic resistant and multiresistant E. faecalis strains. Antimicrobial activities of EOdlES against gram-positive and gram-negative were determined using the disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was evaluated by a microbroth dilution technique. The antibiofilm effects were assessed by microtiter plate method. As a result, 21 compounds were identified, being oxygenated monoterpenes (69.58%) the major chemical family. EOdlES showed only antimicrobial activity against gram-positive strains. E. faecalis resistant and multiresistant strains show the lowest MIC (3.12 to 6.25%), when compared with reference E. faecalis strain. EOdlES has the ability to inhibit the biofilm formation, but little or none ability to inhibit the preformed biofilm. This study demonstrates that EOdlES is a promising alternative to control important foodborne and clinic gram-positive resistant bacteria.","PeriodicalId":30679,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos do Instituto Biologico","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/1808-1657000202018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67201373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}