Perspectives In Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"USG and CT-guided cytomorphological profile of FNAC in deep-seated lesions","authors":"Mridul Kanti Biswas, Rajdeep Saha, Suman Ghosh, Manas Das, Kausik Das","doi":"10.47799/pimr.1102.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47799/pimr.1102.08","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction : Ultrasound and computed tomography-guided fine needle aspiration cytology play an important role in the diagnosis of deep-seated lesions such as intra-abdominal and intrathoracic diseases. Objective : To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound (USG) and computed tomography (CT)-guided FNAC in the diagnosis of abdominal and intrathoracic lesions for one year, from January 2021 to December 2021. Materials And Methods: The study included 58 intraabdominal and 45 intrathoracic lesions. Cytological findings were correlated to clinical and radiographic data to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. Results: Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed at various anatomical sites: liver (24 patients), colon (9 patients), gallbladder (5 patients), ovary (6 cases), spleen (3 cases), mesentery (3 cases), omentum ( 3 cases), cecum (2 cases), pancreas (1 case), subhepatic lesions (1 case), lung (43 cases), mediastinum (2 cases). The most common intra-abdominal disease was metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver (14 patients), and the most common intrathoracic disease was lung adenocarcinoma (18 patients). Conclusion: Ultrasound and computed tomography-guided fine needle cytology is an excellent method for deep diagnosis in the abdominal and thoracic cavity.","PeriodicalId":30624,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives In Medical Research","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mono cryptorchidism: Its anatomical basis and clinical implications","authors":"Rupshikha Dutta, Manash jyothi Phukan, J Sai Krishna Reddy, Atul Gopal Agrawal","doi":"10.47799/pimr.1102.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47799/pimr.1102.16","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cryptorchidism is the absence of at least one or both the testes in the scrotum. It is also known as undescended testis (UT) and is the most common birth defect involving male genitalia. Descent of testes into scrotal sac is important for males to have functional testes and lead a normal sexual developmental life. Understanding the cryptorchidism is important for clinically assessing the status of the patient and planning the treatment. Present case : An adult male cadaver presented with a herniation through right superficial inguinal ring. On further dissection the right scrotal sac was found without the testis. The right inguinal canal too showed only neurovascular bundle enclosed by a thin membrane. After opening the abdomen, the right testis was found in the right iliac fossa close to deep inguinal ring, which tells that the development has begun but got ceased at a later stage. Conclusion : Proper understanding & knowledge of cryptorchidism is important for clinically assessing and treating the undescended testis.","PeriodicalId":30624,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives In Medical Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiological study of foramen arcuale: implications for screw insertion via posterior arch for fixation of C1 vertebrae in atlantoaxial instability using plain radiograph","authors":"Wasim Hiroli, Varsha Gadade","doi":"10.47799/pimr.1102.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47799/pimr.1102.12","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: Foramen arcuale is an osseous structure forming a bridge from the superior articular process of the atlas that completely or partially encircles the vertebral artery. We retrospectively reviewed plain cervical radiographs as suggested by neurosurgeons, neurologists and orthopaedic surgeons for evaluation of cervical spine problems. When foramen arcuale is present, it creates a false impression of a broad posterior arch and can pose a risk during neurosurgery. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of foramen arcuale in the Jalgaon & Baramati population. Materials and Methods: 1255 lateral cervical spine radiographs were obtained from the radiology department, GMC, Jalgaon & GMC Baramati. The patient of which 655 (59.04%) were males and 600(31.42%) were females. Cases were classified as an incomplete and complete bony ridge. Results: Overall prevalence of Foramen arcuale was 8.36%, with complete lesions in 3.50% and incomplete lesions in 4.86%. We noted an increasing percentage of patients with Foramen arcuale from the younger to the adolescent age group, with significantly greater prevalence in patients aged 15-30 years compared with the younger groups. Lesions were more common in males (59.04%) compared with females (31.42%), but no statistically significant difference between genders was detected for complete as well as incomplete foramen arcuale (p=0.95). Conclusion : The foramen arcuale is a relatively common osseous structural variant therefore; surgeons should consider the risk of the presence of an FA prior to procedures on the atlas in each patient. So we suggest the identification of this variant by preoperative lateral radiograph as a starting point for C1 lateral mass for screw fixation via the posterior arch for atlantoaxial instability. If foramen arcuale is suspected or confirmed on a radiograph, 3D CT scanning should be considered for variations in size and shape of foramen arcuale and the possibility of injury to the vertebral artery.","PeriodicalId":30624,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives In Medical Research","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modernizing hematology practicals: advancing medical education in Indian medical colleges","authors":"Shivayogappa S Teli","doi":"10.47799/pimr.1102.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47799/pimr.1102.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30624,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives In Medical Research","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online teaching as supplementary tool during lockdown among undergraduate medical students in an Indian medical college","authors":"Shilpi Goyal, Farah Khaliq, Neelam Vaaney","doi":"10.47799/pimr.1102.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47799/pimr.1102.10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: Education is undergoing profound changes due to permanent technological innovations. During covid pandemic, students were struggling with authentic study material due to the sudden lockdown. Objectives: In order to supplement and assess the impact of online lectures during covid pandemic a course was designed using an online learning management system (LMS), ‘Moodle’ (modular object-oriented dynamic learning environment. Methods: The teaching approach was supported by multimedia didactic materials to introduce the concepts of Web-based learning environments. We assessed the student’s online activity logs to know the student’s interests and engagement. The study was conducted among 170 first-year MBBS students of batch 2020. The five-point Likert scale was used to measure student attitudes related to supplementary material use. Results: The majority of students gave positive feedback: 79% of students were in agreement that supplementary material added extra interest to the topic and 88% stated that it was useful and relevant. Students displayed positive attitudes towards using LMS and gained adequate knowledge in an information-rich environment. Conclusion: The integration of Moodle in Physiology teaching improved student’s interest and motivation as suggested by student’s active participation to access supplementary resources. Such efforts also give insights to course administrators for setting teaching plans and providing meaningful learning experiences.","PeriodicalId":30624,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives In Medical Research","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colonizer to Pathogen: A review on Enterococcal urinary tract infections","authors":"Rituparna Saha, Manisha Khandait, Moumita Sardar, Mukesh Sharma","doi":"10.47799/pimr.1102.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47799/pimr.1102.02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Enterococcus species has been historically known as part of the commensal flora of the normal human alimentary tract. Implicated in a wide array of illnesses encompassing bloodstream infections, urinary tract infections, wound infections as well as intra-abdominal infections, it has been rapidly emerging as a pathogen of interest owing to its propensity to acquire multidrug resistance. Due to the high antibiotic pressure in healthcare settings and salient intrinsic resistance to commonly used classes of antimicrobials, Enterococcus selectively proliferates in nosocomial settings. Their hardy nature and ability to resist a wide array of disinfectants enable them to proliferate on surfaces as well as provide for efficient transmission in hospital settings. Since Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the commonest infections caused by Enterococcus species. We attempt to comprehensively overview the paradigm shift of this erstwhile colonizer to one of the common uropathogen in hospital and community settings.","PeriodicalId":30624,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives In Medical Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship of hypertension and dementia in the elderly: A comparative cross-sectional Study","authors":"Mamta Gehlawat, Goutham Thumati","doi":"10.47799/pimr.1102.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47799/pimr.1102.05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Ageing and vascular factors are the dominating causes for the onset and progression of dementia. Memory declines with age and such declines can be especially worrisome to older individuals concerned about the potential onset of dementia. Objectives: In the hypertensive and normotensive, elderly medicine OPD participants, of a tertiary care centre in Siddipet, Telangana; to find out: the prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI); the relation between hypertension and dementia; and memory mistakes committed. Methodology: A comparative cross-sectional study was done in 2020-21 at Siddipet GGH, Telangana State. 80 Hypertensive and 80 normotensive participants were recruited and assessed on socio-demographic factors like age, occupation, behavioral risk factors; along with measures like BMI and blood pressure. Participants were evaluated for cognitive functioning and memory failures with the help of HMSE and MMQ-ability questionnaires respectively. Results: The prevalence of severe cognitive impairment/dementia was found to be 3.75% in our study participants. A statistically significant difference was found in the distribution of the HMSE as well as memory mistakes scores (p-value <0.001) when compared between hypertensive and normotensive participants. Memory mistakes/memory failures were seen in all the participants. The highest and lowest scores obtained in the MMQ-Ability questionnaire were 73 and 18 respectively. Conclusion: This study throws light on the cognitive and memory related problems prevalent in the elderly population. More studies need to be conducted to capture the bigger picture on how these problems affect the day-to-day life of elderly.","PeriodicalId":30624,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives In Medical Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-demographic correlates and psychosocial stressors among suicide attempters attending a tertiary care general hospital","authors":"Sabbella Chandana, Medikonduri Vijaya Lakshmi, Neredumilli Prasanna Kumar","doi":"10.47799/pimr.1102.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47799/pimr.1102.03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: Suicide is a rapidly growing and critical public health concern in India and around the world. Interpersonal, social, familial, psychological along with genetic vulnerabilities were important risk factors for suicidal attempts. Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study done at King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam. All the suicide attempters admitted to the General Medicine department were evaluated at the psychiatric department. A total of 117 patients were included in our study with convenient sampling. Beck’s suicide intent scale, Presumptive stressful life event scale, and semi-structured proforma for socio-demographic and clinical variables were used to assess the study participants. Results: Financial struggles (19.6%) and conflict with family members (14.5%) were the stressful life events among most of the suicide attempts. Most of the study sample used pesticide consumption (20.5%) as the commonest mode of suicidal attempt. The majority of the suicide attempters (53%) had medium suicidal intent. There was a significant association between marriage and stressful life event score (p=0.001). The use of pesticides was significantly higher among men than women (p=0.002) and the use of household agents was significantly high among women than men (p=0.013). Conclusion: Psychosocial stressors also play an important role in attempting suicide and hence to prevent suicidal attempts, there is a need for the development of innovative strategies to decrease the stigma, to improve coping skills and to promote help-seeking from mental health services.","PeriodicalId":30624,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives In Medical Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endoscopic management of internal laryngopyocele presenting with acute airway obstruction","authors":"Aishwarya Anand, Anand Veluswamy, Asheesh Dora Ghanpur","doi":"10.47799/pimr.1102.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47799/pimr.1102.14","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: A laryngocele is an abnormal dilatation of the laryngeal saccule. It is asymptomatic most of the time so its true incidence is unknown. Depending on the site, symptoms may vary from a lump sensation in the throat to breathing difficulty. Radiologic confirmation of the diagnosis is a must. Report: A 50-year-old diabetic gentleman presenting with acute airway obstruction was evaluated and found to have an internal laryngopyocele which was managed with IV antibiotics and an endoscopic approach (draining and marsupialization) after securing the airway by tracheostomy. A review of the literature reveals that there is no consensus to manage such patients due to the rarity of the problem. The patient was decannulated in 5 days and made a good recovery. Conclusion: We advocate an endoscopic approach for internal laryngopyocele in emergency situations as it can expedite recovery due to less morbidity when compared to an external approach.","PeriodicalId":30624,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives In Medical Research","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Computational Pathology: A comprehensive review of advancements and applications","authors":"Prashant Kumar Madoori, Sukumar Sannidhi, G Anandam","doi":"10.47799/pimr.1102.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47799/pimr.1102.06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Conventional pathology is essential for disease diagnosis, but challenges like inter-observer variability can impact treatment decisions. Immunohistochemistry assays improve patient identification, but advanced quantitative tools are needed for accurate marker quantification and spatial analysis. AI enhances accuracy in pathology by contextualizing spatial data and revolutionizing medicine through advanced data processing and machine learning. Clinical informatics and AI integration advance patient care and open new horizons in pathology. Artificial intelligence (AI) is crucial in pathology, leveraging deep learning techniques to integrate pathological images with radiological, clinical, and genomic data. These pattern recognition methods enhance disease diagnosis and prognosis assessment. This review article provides an overview of AI in pathology, recent advancements, and future prospects. It emphasizes digital pathology, image acquisition, data preprocessing, and feature extraction for AI-driven pathology analysis. A comprehensive analysis of the key findings and outcomes from recent studies incorporating AI in pathology is done. A focus on various applications, including but not limited to cancer diagnosis, grading, and prognosis, as well as the identification of specific tissue patterns and rare diseases. The impact of AI on workflow optimization, quality assurance, and predictive analytics in pathology is also discussed. This section explores the implications and challenges of AI adoption in pathology. We discuss benefits like enhanced accuracy and resource allocation but also cover limitations such as dataset requirements, ethics, interpretability, and regulations. Ongoing research and collaborations aim to address these concerns and ensure responsible AI implementation in pathology.","PeriodicalId":30624,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives In Medical Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}