Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie最新文献

{"title":"Systematization of interaction between the customer and the contractor responsible for the overhaul work","authors":"R. Petrosyan, Vladislav D. Zyukin","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2021.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2021.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The technical condition of residential houses remains a severe challenge in the present-day phase of the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation. Apartment houses become obsolete in the process of operation; they suffer from physical wear and tear; therefore, the monitoring of their technical condition and timely performance of the work, needed to eliminate any defects in the structural elements of buildings, is needed to ensure the proper maintenance of apartment houses. The scope of work, performed within the framework of overhauls, has been gradually shrinking. The sources of funding the renovation, caused by the wear and tear, are scarce, since real estate owners were permitted not to pay the overhaul charges. Materials and methods. The co-authors analyze versatile elements of the system of interaction between the customer and the contractor in the course of overhauling the common property of apartment houses. The co-authors have identified the main connections that govern interaction between the customer and the contractor at the stages of building examination, identification of the types of work to be performed, drafting the project budget, coordinating overhaul assignments, developing the project documentation, entering into contracts, etc. Results. Systematized processes of interaction between the customer and the contractor that performs the overhaul of common property in apartment buildings can serve as the basis for the methodology that regulates the processes of organizing and performing the overhaul of common property in apartment buildings. Conclusions. The customer is responsible for the timely high-quality overhaul of common property in apartment buildings, namely, the establishment of an overhaul fund, keeping track of the target contributions made by the co-owners, entering into a contractual relationship with a contractor and executing construction supervision. Processes of interaction between the customer and the contractor are regulated by organizational factors and parameters, although they are not limited to scheduled stages, therefore, it is impossible to assess their duration and impact on each stage of work.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74326480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges of water resources management in Egypt and solution opportunities","authors":"Mostafa Ezzeldin","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2021.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2021.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Water resources management extracts the focus of researchers and authorities all over the world. This is due to water scarcity and increasing water needs. Egypt is one of these countries. Egypt has been suffering from water shortage for 20 years. This paper aims to clarify the main challenges facing water resources management in Egypt and possible opportunities to meet them. Find effective techniques for the conservation of water resources in Egypt. Materials and methods. Comprehensive analysis and deep understanding of previous studies and materials was applied. Results. It was found that the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, irrigation of cultivated land and high losses, high evaporation rates and low rainfall, increasing population and the lake of information are the main challenges. Conclusions. Challenges can be eliminated through the execution of specific procedures. Water resources alternatives contribute significantly to mitigating water scarcity. Land use allocation based on optimization modeling and GIS is an effective technique for integrated water resources management. This method has not been addressed in Egypt much and can be applied to various zones.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89345823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The reliability of steel-concrete beams in the process of reconstruction","authors":"A. Dolganov","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2020.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2020.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The author solves a number of problems, including the substantiation of the required reliability level for steel-concrete beams in a reconstructed building, design parameters applicable to steel-concrete beams, use of probabilistic methods in the reliability assessment of steel-concrete beams, and reliability assessment of steel-concrete beams. Materials and methods. The engineering data, used in the reliability analysis, included steel beam examination and testing results, obtained by the Koucherenko Central Research and Development Institute of Steel Structures in 2017. The analysis was performed for the cases that took account of or failed to take account of the behaviour of a cast-in-plaсe reinforced concrete floor slab. A method of statistic simulation has proven that the probability values of snow loads set for Moscow by Construction regulations 20.13330.2016 are far below the true ones. This discrepancy reduces the reliability of the contour beams of the construction facility analyzed in this article. Results. B-12, B-45, B-49 and B-61 types of beams were used to compare the testing results with probabilistic calculations. Selected calculation results are provided in the article. An 8 mm deflection, caused by the temporary design load of 2.4 kN/m2 ensures the normal operation of a structure with a probability of 0.9973. Conclusions. A comparison between experimentally and analytically obtained deflection values has proven that the design model must have steel-concrete beams, rather than steel ones. Whenever a building structure is designed, its reliability level must be identified. The reliability of structures, having any criticality rating, depends on the values of the resistance probability in terms of their construction materials and the loads applied to them. Contour steel-concrete beams comply with the technology requirements and reliability values pre-set in the project documentation. Calculation results are validated by their convergence with the experimental data. Probabilistic methods should become a must in structural design. This measure can reduce the risk of failure or cut project costs.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89605279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical analysis of stability of an axially-compressed i-beam rod subjected to constrained torsion","authors":"A. Abdurakhmonov","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2020.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2020.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Today thin-walled structures are widely used in the construction industry. The analysis of their rigidity, strength and stability is a relevant task which is of particular practical interest. The article addresses a method for the numerical analysis of stability of an axially-compressed i-beam rod subjected to the axial force and the bimoment. An axially compressed i-beam rod is the subject of the study.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. Femap with NX Nastran were chosen as the analysis toolkit. Axially compressed cantilever steel rods having i-beam profiles and different flexibility values were analyzed under the action of the bimoment. The steel class is C245. Analytical data were applied within the framework of the Euler method and the standard method of analysis pursuant to Construction Regulations 16.13330 to determine the numerical analysis method.\u0000\u0000Results. The results of numerical calculations are presented in geometrically and physically nonlinear settings. The results of numerical calculations of thin-walled open-section rods, exposed to the axial force and the bimoment, are compared with the results of analytical calculations.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. Given the results of numerical calculations, obtained in geometrically and physically nonlinear settings, recommendations for the choice of a variable density FEM model are provided. The convergence of results is estimated for different diagrams describing the steel behavior. The bearing capacity of compressed cantilever rods, exposed to the bimoment, is estimated for the studied flexibility values beyond the elastic limit. A simplified diagram, describing the steel behaviour pursuant to Construction regulations 16.13330, governing the design of steel structures, is recommended to ensure the due regard for the elastoplastic behaviour of steel. The numerical analysis method, developed for axially-compressed rods, is to be applied to axially-compressed thin-walled open-section rods. National Research Moscow State University is planning to conduct a series of experiments to test the behaviour of axially-compressed i-beams exposed to the bimoment and the axial force. Cantilever i-beams 10B1 will be used in experimental testing.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80405248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial data required for forensic construction and technical examination related to the implementation of heritage site preservation works","authors":"D. Lisin, A. Subbotin, V. Ushakov, A. A. Revunov","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2020.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2020.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article addresses capital construction errors in historic areas of populated localities. The present-day construction industry places particular emphasis on problems associated with reconstruction and restoration of cultural heritage sites. Most of Russia’s famous cities date back to the early Middle Ages, some of them were first mentioned in the days of the ancient world. Each of them has its own unique history of foundation and development, traceable in historic districts, their unique cultural monuments, architectural styles and designs. The condition of numerous monuments of history and culture is deplorable: they need restoration. However, difficulties and legislative hurdles are on the way to permits and approvals authorizing restoration. The relevance of this work deals with the reconstruction of buildings and structures, improvement and inevitable development of areas that will accommodate new construction projects.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. The following research methods were applied: study of regulatory and legal documents pertaining to the field of research, analysis and theoretical generalization of the data collected, their comparison and systematization.\u0000\u0000Results. A study of literary sources on theoretical and practical issues of forensic construction and technical examination was conducted. The list of information and documents needed for this examination to be performed in respect of cultural heritage preservation work was compiled.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. The co-authors provide examples of frequent mistakes and difficulties encountered by developers at all stages of construction. The co-authors offer guidelines for the proper understanding of the line of efforts and operating procedures that may help to avoid difficulties and problems.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77578728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban and ecological prerequisites for the development of the Black Sea cities in the Krasnodar region with consideration of thermal and wind processes","authors":"O. Sokolskaya, Adham I. Giyazov","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2020.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2020.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Ecology of the atmospheric environment of coastal cities directly depends on the thermal and wind processes, which are formed by irradiation of the active city surface and slope mountain areas adjacent to the city, as well as the sea area.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. The study is based on a comprehensive methodology for studying urban and ecological processes of the atmospheric environment at the macro- and mesoecological level of urban planning. Modern computer models ICON, GFS and GEM utilized in applied meteorology were used, as well as the semi-graphical method of modeling daily pollution dome transformation based on thermophysical and aerodynamic laws of atmospheric environment and irradiation of the building’s active surface and of the surrounding landscape.\u0000\u0000Results. The transformation and movement chart of the air pollution dome formed over the city during the day in the “mountains – city – sea” system is presented. It is proved that in the warm season in the first half of the day, the maximum accumulation zone of negative atmospheric pollutants is located in the mountain foothills facing east, by mid-day it will be shifted to the center of the city, and in the evening the maximum pollution will be observed in the coastal zone. The presented ecological efficiency in urban planning on the example of the Black Sea cities of Novorossiysk and Tuapse allows for the assessment of the thermal and wind process impact on the transformation and movement of atmospheric pollution dome in complex terrain and sea area conditions using the assessment classification of “satisfactory” in the first half of the day, “good” in the day and evening.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. The research is particularly relevant in southern cities located on the coast and bordering the mountainous territory. The main urban and ecological principle of planning organization in the reconstruction, planning and development of coastal cities and towns is the mechanism of thermodynamic and aerodynamic processes of the atmospheric environment, expressed in the form of sea breeze and mountain-valley circulation, as well as convective flows, the study of which allowed to formulate practical recommendations.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84554537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problem vision as an element of methodological culture of a researching teacher","authors":"E. Berezhnova, Anastasia I. Magina","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2020.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2020.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Training highly qualified personnel has long been in the focus of attention of research and teaching communities. Building methodological culture among postgraduate students, or future researching teachers, is one of their important tasks. The purpose of this study is to identify the presence of methodological culture among first-year postgraduates. Methodological culture is the ability to identify problems of higher education science.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. Didactic testing and observation were used to perform the research. Problem ranking in higher education science made it possible to identify the priority areas for postgraduate students to solve professional and educational problems.\u0000\u0000Results. A range of problems, which are, in the opinion of postgraduate students, relevant to higher education science, was identified. Problem ranking was performed, and preferences of postgraduate students (choices that underlie solutions) were revealed: teacher’s professional skills, quality of education, career guidance, choosing a career, and personal development of students. The analysis of problems can serve as the basis for enhancing the system of training highly qualified personnel.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. Some of the problems represented organizational difficulties which were subjective by nature. The problems were relevant for postgraduate students only, they had nothing to do with research. However, the emphasis on the above-mentioned difficulties revealed insufficient psychological and pedagogical training of future researching teachers, and it can be explained by their professional focus on civil engineering. Their training can be improved by updating the content of academic disciplines, included into principal professional education programs, and launching special courses compiled at the request of postgraduate students to satisfy their educational needs. It is noteworthy that individualization of training and tutoring, which are relevant both for postgraduate students and the education science, needs the efforts of the faculty, the university management team, and researchers in charge of new education practices.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80350650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creation of a network model on the basis of a universal sequence of construction works","authors":"I. Karakozova, A. Pavlov","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2020.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2020.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Building information modeling is the main direction of development of automated design and control systems. An important component of information modeling is the transfer of data into construction management systems. The most complicated issue is the problem of creating the correct graph topology relevant to the process sequence and construction management experience. The development of automated progress schedule compilation system based on the use of a universal sequence developed earlier is examined.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. As a result of the analysis of the progress schedule compilation process, the topology creation algorithm is divided into several stages. At the first stage, a text description of the information model is given, which is then converted into a list of building or structure elements. The list of elements should be transformed into the work item list and then supplemented with work items not reflected in the list of elements. This is a separate complex task, which is not examined in this study, and is the direction of further research by the authors. At the next stage, the work items in the list are assigned codes that define the location of the scope of works in time and space.\u0000\u0000Results. An algorithm for converting the work item list into a coherent work schedule, the topology of which takes into account the spatial location of the work area and the sequence of interrelated processes over time, has been developed. The sequence of works is determined by a preliminarily designed universal list. The list of requirements for the information produced by BIM models is developed. Splitting the algorithm into stages allows for manual correction of the work item list and the properties of work items, if necessary.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. The developed method allows for automation of the processes of creating construction plans based on the list of building elements and universal work sequence. At any implementation stage, the work item list may be interactively changed and supplemented. In the future, it is necessary to form a set of parameters for structural elements that will allow automating the choice of technological processes.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86725825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Principles of space planning solutions applicable to low-rise buildings in Kesab, Syria","authors":"Saoud Yara, T. Zabalueva","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2020.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2020.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Latakia Governorate, Syria, includes Kesab located in a mountainous area. Plains, that are good for construction purposes, are depleted; therefore, mountain slopes have to accommodate new construction projects. The analysis of space planning solutions, designated for single-family residential houses, was performed with regard for the terrain of Kesab. This analysis underlies the fundamental principles of the architectural solutions that take account of the following factors: the slope type/orientation, the layout of buildings in relation to the slope and access routes, the use of the “bearing floor” design system that reduces construction costs, the use of cantilever solutions for first floors, the availability of summer premises protected from overheating in the Kesab climate, the orientation of the slope towards cardinal points, and traditions of Arabic families. Principles of architectural design of single-family residential houses with account taken of the local terrain constitute the subject of this research. The objective is to develop recommendations designated for architectural solutions for single-family residential houses to be built in the mountainous environment of Kesab, to assure indoor comfort depending on the earth grade and terrain orientation towards cardinal points, and to reduce construction costs.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. The research is based on the analysis of the Kesab terrain, the analysis of potential construction work to be performed on the slopes having different orientations, the use of the “bearing floor” structural system, the analysis of effective Syrian and Russian regulations and data sources.\u0000\u0000Results. As a result of research into a single-family residential house built with regard for the Kesab terrain in Syria, the co-authors developed design principles applicable to single-family residential houses in the areas featuring rough terrain.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. The recommendations are designated for low-rise single-family houses that have different orientations towards cardinal points in the areas that have varied earth grades like Kesab located in the mountain valley.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75999934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategy for sports facilities design in Aleppo, Syria, (after the war) on the basis of the architectural quality concept","authors":"Boushra A. Al darf, A. Belkin","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2020.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2020.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Architectural quality is required at all design stages: from the layout to its implementation, but in particular cases it (high quality) becomes a primary objective. That is why in this article we emphasize the idea of architectural quality and its particular importance in the strategy of sports facilities design in Aleppo, which, in their turn, will help the population get back into physical shape and resume peaceful life.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. The study has been conducted on the basis of analysis of published sources that have been studied theoretically. The following materials have been studied: Aleppo aerial photography based on published survey, conducted by the organization UN-HABITAT as an addition to the information from Syrian Statistical Office, Ministry of Local Administration and Environment and Local Decision Support Center from 2011 till 2019.\u0000\u0000Results. Current condition of sports facilities in Aleppo has been studied for the following criteria: number, quality and technical condition. Because of use of such architectural quality criteria as context, experience and scale in the design strategy, mentioned in study, the optimal model of sports facility has been reached from the point of view of architectural form and its social-sport role for the environment.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. In all times, sport played and still plays an essential role in successful social life. That is why sports facilities are the first step that becomes a necessary condition for fulfilling that role. Currently, Syria experiences the reconstruction stage in all types of construction, and the most important now is to restore the society, and this is why at this stage the idea of architectural quality is essential for getting a model of ideal sports facility.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85904956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}