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Hybrid Metastructures in the Epsilon-Near-Zero Regime epsilon -近零区中的混合元结构
Hybrid Flatland Metastructures Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.1063/9780735422902_002
V. Caligiuri, A. De Luca
{"title":"Hybrid Metastructures in the Epsilon-Near-Zero Regime","authors":"V. Caligiuri, A. De Luca","doi":"10.1063/9780735422902_002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/9780735422902_002","url":null,"abstract":"The objects of study of this chapter are hybrid structures whose resonant behavior can be understood in terms of an exotic propagation regime called epsilon-near-zero (ENZ). We embark in the engaging challenge of investigating an apparently counterintuitive light propagation regime in which light assumes a phase velocity faster than the speed of light compensated by an approximately zero group velocity. The occurrence of such a fascinating feature is illustrated in simple, daily-use materials like silver as well as in sophisticated hybrid multilayers. These latter systems embed graphene as a flat and active technological core and have been found to be the ideal platform to design ultrafast and attojoule electro-optical modulation systems. In the end, we point the spotlight over a novel hybrid architecture called hyperbolic metamaterial. In particular, we study a deeply subwavelength (a few nanometers thick) hybrid structure involving graphene as a metal, and we show how, under the appropriate conditions of extreme anisotropy, this flat lens breaks the diffraction limit with incomparable optical resolution of λ/1660.","PeriodicalId":305057,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Flatland Metastructures","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129573585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hybrid Modes and Hybrid Metastructures for Color Reproduction 色彩再现的混合模式和混合元结构
Hybrid Flatland Metastructures Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.1063/9780735422902_005
Soukaina Es-saidi, S. Blaize, D. Macías
{"title":"Hybrid Modes and Hybrid Metastructures for Color Reproduction","authors":"Soukaina Es-saidi, S. Blaize, D. Macías","doi":"10.1063/9780735422902_005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/9780735422902_005","url":null,"abstract":"We explore the possibilities of hybrid metal-dielectric metastructures for color generation. In a first stage, we briefly discuss the main physical phenomena underlying the chromatic response of a hybrid structure. This should settle the basis for the solution of a special kind of inverse problem: To tailor the geometrical parameters of a hybrid diffractive structure to reproduce a specific color. To this end, we outline an inversion scheme recently proposed, based on multi-objective meta-heuristic optimization and Artificial Intelligence techniques, that has been successfully used on the solution of the inverse problem just cited.","PeriodicalId":305057,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Flatland Metastructures","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124986310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Hybrid Photonic–Plasmonic Metastructures 混合光子-等离子体元结构
Hybrid Flatland Metastructures Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.1063/9780735422902_007
G. Lio, R. Caputo
{"title":"Hybrid Photonic–Plasmonic Metastructures","authors":"G. Lio, R. Caputo","doi":"10.1063/9780735422902_007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/9780735422902_007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter considers hybrid metastructures operating in waveguide configuration. This configuration can unlock unprecedented functionalities when the interplay between quantum emitters and plasmonic nanostructures is efficiently exploited. The chapter begins with an introduction of the Purcell effect responsible for the emission enhancement of fluorescent subentities when located in nanocavities. Introductory paragraphs also explain the basic mechanisms of the plasmon–exciton exchange. The design of a hybrid system follows including plasmonic nanotapers (NTs) with quantum dots (QDs) positioned in proximity to their apices. The various phases of the fabrication procedure of the designed metastructure, involving a mixed top-down and bottom-up nanofabrication approach, are accurately illustrated. A fluorescent spectroscopy characterization of the prototype evidences a sensitive Purcell enhancement of the emission of the quantum dots located in proximity of the NTs. Finally, a numerical study of this hybrid system is reported that demonstrates how the light enhancement can be controlled to efficiently route and modulate high-frequency optical signals in a photonic–plasmonic transistor effect.","PeriodicalId":305057,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Flatland Metastructures","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127975664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Metastructures-Induced Hyper-Resolution in Two-Photon Direct Laser Writing 双光子直接激光书写中元结构诱导的超分辨率
Hybrid Flatland Metastructures Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.1063/9780735422902_008
G. Lio, R. Caputo
{"title":"Metastructures-Induced Hyper-Resolution in Two-Photon Direct Laser Writing","authors":"G. Lio, R. Caputo","doi":"10.1063/9780735422902_008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/9780735422902_008","url":null,"abstract":"Two-photon direct laser writing (TP-DLW) is widely used in stereolithographic processes for realizing sophisticated micro- and nanoscale structures with application in fluidics, photonics, and biomedical devices. In this chapter, it is detailed how leveraging on metal-dielectric metastructures with peculiar optical functionalities is possible to enhance the performance of a generic TP-DLW device, thus enabling the fabrication of all-dielectric nanostructures with hyper-resolution in height ($15:nm$) and width as small as $150:nm$. The results open new frontiers toward the realization of all-dielectric ultraflat optical elements in a noticeably shorter time than standard time-consuming electron and deep-UV lithography processes.","PeriodicalId":305057,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Flatland Metastructures","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122348316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anapole States and Toroidal Multipole Excitations in Photonic Metastructures 光子元结构中的赝极态和环形多极激发
Hybrid Flatland Metastructures Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.1063/9780735422902_004
D. Zografopoulos, A. Ferraro
{"title":"Anapole States and Toroidal Multipole Excitations in Photonic Metastructures","authors":"D. Zografopoulos, A. Ferraro","doi":"10.1063/9780735422902_004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/9780735422902_004","url":null,"abstract":"A growing research field has recently emerged on the investigation of toroidal multipole resonances and the closely related nonradiating anapole state in both dielectric and metallic metastructures working in the visible, near-infrared, and terahertz spectrum. Here we provide an overview on the anapole state and toroidal multipole excitations in photonic metastructures. We cover the key points of the underlying electromagnetic theory and discuss the practical realization of both dielectric and plasmonic metastructures, which exhibit a strong toroidal response. Then, we present examples of toroidal-enabled applications in various photonic platforms, which span from nanolasing, higher-harmonic generation, and cloaking to photodetection, filtering, and sensing.","PeriodicalId":305057,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Flatland Metastructures","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125190863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Crypto-Imaging in Photoluminescent Metastructures 光致发光元结构的隐成像
Hybrid Flatland Metastructures Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.1063/9780735422902_006
T. Ritacco, M. Giocondo
{"title":"Crypto-Imaging in Photoluminescent Metastructures","authors":"T. Ritacco, M. Giocondo","doi":"10.1063/9780735422902_006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/9780735422902_006","url":null,"abstract":"Combining an advanced additive manufacturing technique, the Two-Photon Direct Laser Writing (TP-DLW), with the peculiar electro-optical properties of Quantum Dots (QDs) allows the creation of hybrid metastructures consisting in 3D photo-luminescent objects featuring sub-millimetric details. The study of the the interaction between the QDs and the UV-sensitive photo-resist during the TP-DLW allows the fine tuning of the emitted photo-luminescence. During the polymerization, the cross-linking of the monomers expels the majority of QDs from the irradiated volume, but they get excited and trigger a surrounding thermal polymerization, which changes the structure resolution. Here, the various steps of the TP-DLW procedures of such hybrid systems are illustrated in detail. The study defines the best conditions to modulate the QDs density in the created nanostructures to be integrated in optical devices, almost down to the single QDs. Moreover, the combined use of TP-DLW and single photon lithography introduces a further degree of freedom in the local QDs density control, allowing for the fabrication of even more complex object, such as the already mentioned hybrid metastructures. As a possible application of this technique, anti-counterfeiting is discussed with the fabrication of a 3D fluorescent design hidden in a polymeric microstructure. The rapidity of the process makes it suitable for industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":305057,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Flatland Metastructures","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121840629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Metasurfaces: Theoretical Basis and Application Overview 元表面:理论基础与应用综述
Hybrid Flatland Metastructures Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.1063/9780735422902_001
R. Caputo, A. Ferraro
{"title":"Metasurfaces: Theoretical Basis and Application Overview","authors":"R. Caputo, A. Ferraro","doi":"10.1063/9780735422902_001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/9780735422902_001","url":null,"abstract":"In the last 20 years, metamaterials have attracted much attention for their exotic physical behaviors not commonly present in nature. However, this class of micro- and nanostructured artificial media, characterized by groundbreaking electromagnetic and photonic properties, has encountered difficulty in entering industrial upscale and end-user device mass production. Indeed, high losses and strong dispersion, related to the use of metallic structures, as well as the difficulty of fabricating micro- and nanoscale 3D structures, have hindered practical applications of metamaterials. On the contrary, 2D metamaterials or metasurfaces with negligible height, made of a single or few layers, offer much lower losses and a natural advantage in terms of fabrication with standard lithography or nanoimprint replication techniques. Moreover, metasurfaces allow a spatially varying optical response in terms of scattering amplitude, phase, and polarization. In the specific case of metalenses, optical wavefronts can be shaped and designed at will and eventually integrated with tunable and functional materials to achieve active control and greatly enhanced nonlinear response. In this introductory chapter, key concepts about metasurfaces physics are introduced evidencing peculiar behaviors. A general classification of metasurfaces follows in terms of constituting materials and their assembly, resulting in metastructures with specific application and functionalities.","PeriodicalId":305057,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Flatland Metastructures","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125956520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Bottom-Up Approach toward Artificial Optical Magnetism in Metastructures 元结构中人工光磁性的自底向上方法
Hybrid Flatland Metastructures Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.1063/9780735422902_003
A. Aradian, P. Barois, O. Mondain-Monval, V. Ponsinet, A. Baron
{"title":"The Bottom-Up Approach toward Artificial Optical Magnetism in Metastructures","authors":"A. Aradian, P. Barois, O. Mondain-Monval, V. Ponsinet, A. Baron","doi":"10.1063/9780735422902_003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/9780735422902_003","url":null,"abstract":"The generation of artificial optical magnetism (AOM) in engineered composites has been the major concept that led to the emergence of the field of metamaterials at the turn of the millennium. Indeed, the proven possibility to manipulate the magnetic permeability of materials at microwave frequencies induced a considerable excitement in the scientific community, as it opened the way to the design of unprecedented tools and devices for the control of light propagation. Extensions to higher frequencies of IR and visible light were soon proposed and tested by downsizing the artificial structures. The fabrication of negative index materials, optical cloaks, and hyperlenses seemed within reach. Two decades later, and after considerable research efforts, the applications of AOM are still scarce and the concept seems to face a number of fundamental physical limits. We review in this chapter the state of the art of the bottom-up approach whereby nanochemistry and colloidal physics are used to engineer hybrid metastructures exhibiting AOM in visible light or near IR.","PeriodicalId":305057,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Flatland Metastructures","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134157874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hybrid Metastructures Enabled by Dual-Frequency Liquid Crystals 双频液晶实现的混合元结构
Hybrid Flatland Metastructures Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.1063/9780735422902_009
R. Kowerdziej
{"title":"Hybrid Metastructures Enabled by Dual-Frequency Liquid Crystals","authors":"R. Kowerdziej","doi":"10.1063/9780735422902_009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/9780735422902_009","url":null,"abstract":"Shortening the switching times of soft matter–based active metamaterials is one of the milestones to improve the functionality of frontier active devices. The frequency-convertible dielectric anisotropy of dual-frequency liquid crystal (DFLC) mixtures enables a fast response that can be tuned by an electrical signal with different frequencies. In this chapter, an introduction of double-frequency liquid crystals evidencing the functionalities of these systems and the advantage of their use to hybridize plasmonic metastructures is provided. Novel DFLC-based metastructures have been realized and characterized showing submillisecond response to electrical stimuli, about three orders of magnitude lower compared to systems loaded with standard nematic liquid crystals. A detailed numerical analysis of the E- and H-field distribution maps performed at the resonant frequencies of these systems confirms the experimental results. Furthermore, the DFLC-based hybrid metastructure reveals theoretically predicted switchable epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) properties. Finally, they provide an efficient platform for designing active broadband achromatic THz wave plates. These active metamaterials pave the way to numerous applications, including nonreciprocal magneto-optical effects, dielectric permittivity sensing, nonlinear ultrafast optical tuning, and self-assembled plasmonic systems.","PeriodicalId":305057,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Flatland Metastructures","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132147696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biomolecular Sensing in Hybrid Chiral/Hyperbolic Metastructures 混合手性/双曲元结构中的生物分子传感
Hybrid Flatland Metastructures Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.1063/9780735422902_011
G. Palermo, G. Strangi
{"title":"Biomolecular Sensing in Hybrid Chiral/Hyperbolic Metastructures","authors":"G. Palermo, G. Strangi","doi":"10.1063/9780735422902_011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/9780735422902_011","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the biomolecular recognition of proteins and genetic fragments such as DNA and RNA is attracting a great deal of attention in the development of diagnostic protocols for infectious and tumor diseases. The intrinsic chirality of matter has always represented an interesting challenge in the design of nanomaterials and metastructures capable of controlling the chiral light–chiral matter interaction.In this chapter, we discuss how optical chirality can be used to enhance the chiral response of biomolecules in the near field through the use of superchiral fields. In addition, the interface between a chiral metasurface and a hyperbolic metamaterial can provide both high specificity and sensitivity for biomolecules characterized by low molecular weight and specific handedness.","PeriodicalId":305057,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Flatland Metastructures","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131897044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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