Journal of Addiction最新文献_第5页

A Prototypical First-Generation Electronic Cigarette Does Not Reduce Reports of Tobacco Urges or Withdrawal Symptoms among Cigarette Smokers. 第一代电子烟的原型并没有减少吸烟者的烟草冲动或戒断症状的报告。

Journal of Addiction Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-03-26 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6748948

Arit M Harvanko, Catherine A Martin, Richard J Kryscio, William W Stoops, Joshua A Lile, Thomas H Kelly

引用次数: 3

Methamphetamine Use and Emergency Department Utilization: 20 Years Later. 甲基苯丙胺的使用和急诊科的使用:20年后。

Journal of Addiction Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-08-17 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4050932

John R Richards, Sheiva Hamidi, Connor D Grant, Colin G Wang, Nabil Tabish, Samuel D Turnipseed, Robert W Derlet

{"title":"Methamphetamine Use and Emergency Department Utilization: 20 Years Later.","authors":"John R Richards, Sheiva Hamidi, Connor D Grant, Colin G Wang, Nabil Tabish, Samuel D Turnipseed, Robert W Derlet","doi":"10.1155/2017/4050932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4050932","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Methamphetamine (MAP) users present to the emergency department (ED) for myriad reasons, including trauma, chest pain, and psychosis. The purpose of this study is to determine how their prevalence, demographics, and resource utilization have changed.Methods: Retrospective review of MAP patients over 3 months in 2016. Demographics, mode of arrival, presenting complaints, disposition, and concomitant cocaine/ethanol use were compared to a 1996 study at the same ED.Results: 638 MAP-positive patients, 3,013 toxicology screens, and 20,203 ED visits represented an increase in prevalence compared to 1996: 461 MAP-positive patients, 3,102 screens, and 32,156 visits. MAP patients were older compared to the past. Mode of arrival was most frequently by ambulance but at a lower proportion than 1996, as was the proportion of MAP patients with positive cocaine toxicology screens and ethanol coingestion. Admission rate was lower compared to the past, as was discharge to jail. The proportion of MAP patients presenting with blunt trauma was lower compared to the past and higher for chest pain.Conclusion: A significant increase in the prevalence of MAP-positive patients was found. Differences in presenting complaints and resource utilization may reflect the shifting demographics of MAP users, as highlighted by an older patient population relative to the past.","PeriodicalId":30499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction","volume":"2017 ","pages":"4050932"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/4050932","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35514350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 45

Electronic Cigarette Use among Mississippi Adults, 2015. 电子烟在密西西比州成年人中的使用情况，2015。

Journal of Addiction Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-08-16 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5931736

Vincent L Mendy, Rodolfo Vargas, Gerri Cannon-Smith, Marinelle Payton, Enkhmaa Byambaa, Lei Zhang

{"title":"Electronic Cigarette Use among Mississippi Adults, 2015.","authors":"Vincent L Mendy, Rodolfo Vargas, Gerri Cannon-Smith, Marinelle Payton, Enkhmaa Byambaa, Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2017/5931736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5931736","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are battery-powered devices that deliver nicotine in the form of aerosol. We identify differences and associations in e-cigarette use by sociodemographic characteristics and describe the reported reasons for initiating use among Mississippi adults. We used the 2015 Mississippi Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, which collected information on e-cigarette use from 6,035 respondents. The prevalence of current e-cigarette use and having ever tried an e-cigarette was determined overall and by sociodemographic characteristics. Weighted prevalences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and prevalences for subgroups were compared using the X2 tests and associations were assessed using logistic regression. In 2015, 4.7% of Mississippi adults currently used e-cigarettes, while 20.5% had ever tried an e-cigarette. The prevalence of current e-cigarette use was significantly higher for young adults, whites, men, individuals unable to work, those with income $35,000-$49,999, and current smokers compared to their counterparts. Similar results were observed for having ever tried an e-cigarette. E-cigarette use was associated with age, race, income, and smoking status. Most (71.2%) of current e-cigarette users and over half (52.1%) of those who have ever tried e-cigarettes reported that a main reason for trying or using e-cigarettes was \"to cut down or quit smoking.\"","PeriodicalId":30499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction","volume":"2017 ","pages":"5931736"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/5931736","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35400900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Predicting Inpatient Detoxification Outcome of Alcohol and Drug Dependent Patients: The Influence of Sociodemographic Environment, Motivation, Impulsivity, and Medical Comorbidities. 预测酒精和药物依赖患者的住院戒毒结果:社会人口环境、动机、冲动性和医疗合并症的影响。

Journal of Addiction Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-03-06 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6415831

Yvonne Sofin, Heidi Danker-Hopfe, Tina Gooren, Peter Neu

{"title":"Predicting Inpatient Detoxification Outcome of Alcohol and Drug Dependent Patients: The Influence of Sociodemographic Environment, Motivation, Impulsivity, and Medical Comorbidities.","authors":"Yvonne Sofin, Heidi Danker-Hopfe, Tina Gooren, Peter Neu","doi":"10.1155/2017/6415831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6415831","url":null,"abstract":"Aims. This prospective study aims to identify patient characteristics as predictors for treatment outcome during inpatient detoxification treatment for drug and alcohol dependent patients. Methods. A mixed gender sample of 832 consecutively admitted drug and alcohol dependent patients were interviewed by an experienced physician. The impact of a variety of factors concerning social environment, therapy motivation, impulsivity related variables, medical history, and addiction severity on treatment outcome was examined. Results. 525 (63.1%) of the patients completed detoxification treatment whereas 307 (36.9%) dropped out prematurely. Being female, living in a partnership, having children, being employed, and having good education were predictive for a positive outcome. Family, health, the fear of losing the job, prosecution, and emergency admission were significant motivational predictors for treatment outcome. Being younger, history of imprisonment, and the number of previous drop-outs were predictive for a negative outcome. Conclusions. Variables concerning social environment and the number of previous drop-outs have been identified as best predictors for treatment outcome. Socially stable patients benefit from the current treatment setting and treatment shall be adapted for patients with negative predictors. Treatment may consequently be tailored with respect to intervention type, duration, and intensity to improve the outcome for those patients that fulfil criteria with negative impact on treatment retention.","PeriodicalId":30499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction","volume":"2017 ","pages":"6415831"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/6415831","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34877169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Caregiver Burden in Alcohol Dependence Syndrome. 酒精依赖综合症中的照顾者负担。

Journal of Addiction Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-05-21 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8934712

Ramanujam Vaishnavi, Murugan Selvaraj Karthik, Ramasamy Balakrishnan, Ramanathan Sathianathan

{"title":"Caregiver Burden in Alcohol Dependence Syndrome.","authors":"Ramanujam Vaishnavi, Murugan Selvaraj Karthik, Ramasamy Balakrishnan, Ramanathan Sathianathan","doi":"10.1155/2017/8934712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8934712","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Alcoholism is a major threat to the individual as well as the society and the maximum burden of the illness is borne by the family.Aim: The study is aimed at assessing the pattern of burden on the caregivers of alcohol dependent patients and at assessing the relationship between the severity of dependence and the burden on caregivers.Settings and design: Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the Department of Psychiatry, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional assessment was done in 200 patients with alcohol dependence and their caregivers. The severity of dependence and the pattern of burden on caregivers were assessed.Statistical analysis: The data thus collected was analyzed using SPSS version 20.Results: The study demonstrates that caregivers of alcohol dependent patients reported significant objective burden and subjective burden. Furthermore, the severity of alcohol dependence and the domains of burden such as financial burden, disruption of family interaction, and disruption of family routine activities were positively correlated with high level of significance.Conclusion: The current study has illustrated that all the caregivers experienced significant amount of burden which has to be addressed for better treatment outcome of the patients.","PeriodicalId":30499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction","volume":"2017 ","pages":"8934712"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/8934712","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35082281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

High Rates of Tramadol Use among Treatment-Seeking Adolescents in Malmö, Sweden: A Study of Hair Analysis of Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use. 在瑞典Malmö寻求治疗的青少年中曲马多使用率高:一项非医疗处方阿片类药物使用的毛发分析研究。

Journal of Addiction Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-12-24 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6716929

Martin O Olsson, Agneta Öjehagen, Louise Brådvik, Robert Kronstrand, Anders Håkansson

{"title":"High Rates of Tramadol Use among Treatment-Seeking Adolescents in Malmö, Sweden: A Study of Hair Analysis of Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use.","authors":"Martin O Olsson, Agneta Öjehagen, Louise Brådvik, Robert Kronstrand, Anders Håkansson","doi":"10.1155/2017/6716929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6716929","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nonmedical prescription opioid use (NMPOU) is a growing problem and tramadol has been suggested as an emerging problem in young treatment-seeking individuals. The aim of the present study was to investigate, through hair analysis, NMPOU in this group and, specifically, tramadol use.Methods: In a study including 73 treatment-seeking adolescents and young adults at an outpatient facility for young substance users, hair specimens could be obtained from 59 subjects. Data were extracted on sociodemographic background variables and psychiatric diagnoses through MINI interviews.Results: In hair analysis, tramadol was by far the most prevalent opioid detected. Thirty-two percent screened positive for opioids, and of those, all but one were positive for tramadol. Ninety-eight percent reported problematic cannabis use. Significantly more opioid-positive patients also screened positive for other (noncannabis) drugs, compared to nonopioid users. Sixty-four percent fulfilled criteria of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders, other than substance use disorders according to MINI. Fifty-three percent met the symptom criteria count of ADHD above cut-off level.Conclusion: In the present setting, tramadol, along with high rates of cannabis use, may represent a novel pattern of substance use among young treatment-seeking subjects with problematic substance use and high rates of concurrent psychiatric problems.","PeriodicalId":30499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction","volume":"2017 ","pages":"6716929"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/6716929","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35824610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Investigation of Cognitive Improvement in Alcohol-Dependent Inpatients Using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Score 使用蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)评分对酒精依赖住院患者认知改善的调查

Journal of Addiction Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1539096

Stéphanie Pelletier, B. Nalpas, Régis Alarcon, H. Rigole, P. Perney

{"title":"Investigation of Cognitive Improvement in Alcohol-Dependent Inpatients Using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Score","authors":"Stéphanie Pelletier, B. Nalpas, Régis Alarcon, H. Rigole, P. Perney","doi":"10.1155/2016/1539096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1539096","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Cognitive dysfunction is a common feature in alcohol use disorders. Its persistence following alcohol detoxification may impair quality of life and increase the risk of relapse. We analyzed cognitive impairment changes using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score in a large sample of alcohol-dependent inpatients hospitalized for at least 4 weeks. Method. This was an observational longitudinal survey. Inclusion criteria were alcohol dependence (DSM-IV) and alcohol abstinence for at least one week. The MoCA test was administered on admission and at discharge. Results. 236 patients were included. The mean MoCA score significantly increased from 22.1 ± 3.7 on admission to 25.11 ± 3.12 at discharge. The corresponding effect-size of improvement was high, 1.1 [95% CI 1.0–1.2]. The degree of improvement was inversely correlated with the baseline MoCA score. The rate of high and normal, that is, >26, MoCA values increased from 15.8% on admission to 53.8% at discharge. MoCA score improvement was not correlated with the total length of abstinence prior to admission. Conclusion. The MoCA score seems to be a useful tool for measuring changes in cognitive performance in alcohol-dependent patients. A significant improvement in cognitive function was observed whatever the degree of impairment on admission and even after a long abstinence period.","PeriodicalId":30499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72641123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 28

The Impact of Social Structures on Deviant Behaviors: The Study of 402 High Risk Street Drug Users in Iran 社会结构对越轨行为的影响:对伊朗402名高危街头吸毒者的研究

Journal of Addiction Pub Date : 2016-11-17 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6891751

M. Mehrabi, S. Eskandarieh, M. Khodadost, Maneli Sadeghi, A. Nikfarjam, A. Hajebi

引用次数: 9

nor-BNI Antagonism of Kappa Opioid Agonist-Induced Reinstatement of Ethanol-Seeking Behavior Kappa阿片激动剂诱导的酒精寻求行为恢复的非bni拮抗作用

Journal of Addiction Pub Date : 2016-11-06 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1084235

Erin Harshberger, Emily A. Gilson, Kelli Gillett, Jasmine H Stone, Laïla El Amrani, G. Valdez

{"title":"nor-BNI Antagonism of Kappa Opioid Agonist-Induced Reinstatement of Ethanol-Seeking Behavior","authors":"Erin Harshberger, Emily A. Gilson, Kelli Gillett, Jasmine H Stone, Laïla El Amrani, G. Valdez","doi":"10.1155/2016/1084235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1084235","url":null,"abstract":"Recent work suggests that the dynorphin (DYN)/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system may be a key mediator in the behavioral effects of alcohol. The objective of the present study was to examine the ability of the KOR antagonist norbinaltorphimine (nor-BNI) to attenuate relapse to ethanol seeking due to priming injections of the KOR agonist U50,488 at time points consistent with KOR selectivity. Male Wistar rats were trained to self-administer a 10% ethanol solution, and then responding was extinguished. Following extinction, rats were injected with U50,488 (0.1–10 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline and were tested for the reinstatement of ethanol seeking. Next, the ability of the nonselective opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone (0 or 3.0 mg/kg, s.c.) and nor-BNI (0 or 20.0 mg/kg, i.p.) to block U50,488-induced reinstatement was examined. Priming injections U50,488 reinstated responding on the previously ethanol-associated lever. Pretreatment with naltrexone reduced the reinstatement of ethanol-seeking behavior. nor-BNI also attenuated KOR agonist-induced reinstatement, but to a lesser extent than naltrexone, when injected 24 hours prior to injections of U50,488, a time point that is consistent with KOR selectivity. While these results suggest that activation of KORs is a key mechanism in the regulation of ethanol-seeking behavior, U50,488-induced reinstatement may not be fully selective for KORs.","PeriodicalId":30499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84427300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Substance Use Disorders in Elderly Admissions to an Academic Psychiatric Inpatient Service over a 10-Year Period 十年来在学术精神科住院服务的老年人的物质使用障碍

Journal of Addiction Pub Date : 2016-10-19 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4973018

D. Dombrowski, Nelly Norrell, S. Holroyd

{"title":"Substance Use Disorders in Elderly Admissions to an Academic Psychiatric Inpatient Service over a 10-Year Period","authors":"D. Dombrowski, Nelly Norrell, S. Holroyd","doi":"10.1155/2016/4973018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4973018","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. There is a paucity of research on substance use disorders (SUDs) in the elderly psychiatric population. This study examines SUDs in a geriatric psychiatry inpatient service over a 10-year period. Methods. Data from 1788 elderly psychiatric inpatients from a ten-year period was collected. Variables collected included psychiatric diagnoses, SUD, number of psychiatric admissions, and length of stay. Those with and without a SUD were compared using Chi-Square or Student's t-test as appropriate using SPSS. Results. 11.7% (N = 210) of patients had a SUD, and the most common substance was alcohol at 73.3% (N = 154) or 8.6% of all admissions. Other SUDs were sedative-hypnotics (11%), opiate (2.9%), cannabis (1%), tobacco (1.4%), and unspecified SUD (38.6%). SUD patients were significantly younger, divorced, male, and less frequently readmitted and had shorter lengths of stay. The most common comorbid diagnoses were major depression (26.1%), bipolar disorder (10.5%), and dementia (17.1%). Conclusions. Over 10% of psychogeriatric admissions were associated with a SUD, with alcohol being the most common. Considering the difficulties in diagnosing SUD in this population and the retrospective study design, the true prevalence in elderly psychiatric inpatients is likely higher. This study adds to sparse literature on SUD in elderly psychiatric patients.","PeriodicalId":30499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction","volume":"477 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83960510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2