Journal of Addiction最新文献

{"title":"Suboxone Treatment and Recovery Trial (STAR-T): Study Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial of Opioid Medication Assisted Treatment with Adjunctive Medication Management Using Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Contingency Management.","authors":"Hesham Elarabi, Abuelgasim Elrasheed, Ahmed Ali, Mansour Shawky, Nael Hasan, Tarek A Gawad, Abdu Adem, John Marsden","doi":"10.1155/2019/2491063","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2019/2491063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Opioid assisted treatment (OAT) with buprenorphine (BUP) is front-line medical maintenance intervention for illicit and prescription opioid use disorder (OUD). In many clinics, opioid medication is dispensed for several days for self-administration. This provides flexibility to the patient but may compromise the effectiveness of OAT because of nonadherence or medication diversion. OAT can be delivered as an entirely supervised intervention, but many patients discontinue treatment under this arrangement and dispensing costs may be prohibitive. An alternative is to enable patients to receive take-home doses contingent on OAT adherence guided by a medication management framework using Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) alongside negative urine drug screens (UDS) to provide evidence of abstinence. TDM is recommended to monitor adherence with BUP but it has not been applied in OAT programs and evaluation research to date.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Suboxone Treatment and Recovery Trial (STAR-T) is a single site, 16-week, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of a medication management framework including TDM and UDS to enable patients enrolled on outpatient OAT (with buprenorphine/naloxone [sublingual film formulation; BUP/NX-F; Suboxone™]) to receive stepped take-home doses. Following stabilisation during inpatient care, adult participants with illicit or prescription OUD were allocated (1:1) to receive (1) BUP/NX-F plus medication management for take-home doses based on TDM, UDS, and contingency management protocol (the experimental group) or (2) BUP/NX-F plus UDS only (treatment-as-usual, the control group). The primary outcome is the mean percentage of negative UDS over 16 weeks. The secondary outcome is treatment retention defined as completion of 16 weeks of OAT without interruption. There will be an exploratory analysis of the association between participant characteristics, clinical data, and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Providing BUP/NX-F take-home doses contingent on adherence and opioid abstinence may enable OAT to be delivered flexibly and effectively.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ISRCTN41645723 is retrospectively registered on 15/11/2015.</p>","PeriodicalId":30499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction","volume":"2019 ","pages":"2491063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6425325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37128422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency Department and Radiological Cost of Delayed Diagnosis of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis.","authors":"David I Zimmer,&nbsp;Ross McCauley,&nbsp;Varun Konanki,&nbsp;Joseph Dynako,&nbsp;Nuha Zackariya,&nbsp;Faadil Shariff,&nbsp;Joseph Miller,&nbsp;Sophia Binz,&nbsp;Mark Walsh","doi":"10.1155/2019/1307345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1307345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background.</i> Chronic cannabis use has become prevalent with decriminalization, medical prescription, and recreational legalization in numerous US states. With this increasing incidence of chronic cannabis use a new clinical syndrome has become apparent in emergency departments and hospitals across the country, termed Cannabinoid Hyperemesis (CH). CH has been described as cyclical vomiting and abdominal pain in the setting of chronic cannabis use, which is often temporarily relieved by hot showers. CH presents a diagnostic challenge to clinicians who do not have a high clinical suspicion for the syndrome and can result in high costs and resource utilization for hospitals and patients. This study investigates the expenditures associated with delayed CH evaluation and delayed diagnosis. <i>Methods.</i> This is a retrospective observational study of 17 patients diagnosed with CH at three medical centers in the United States from 2010 to 2015, consisting of two academic centers and a community hospital. Emergency department (ED) costs were calculated and analyzed for patients eventually diagnosed with CH. <i>Results</i>. For the 17 patients treated, the total cost for combined ED visits and radiologic evaluations was an average of $76,920.92 per patient. On average these patients had 17.9 ED visits before the diagnosis of CH was made. <i>Conclusion.</i> CH provides a diagnostic challenge to clinicians without a high suspicion of the syndrome and may become increasingly prevalent with current trends toward cannabis legalization. The diagnosis of CH can be made primarily through a thorough history and physical examination. Awareness of this syndrome can save institutions money, prevent inappropriate utilization of healthcare resources, and save patients from unnecessary diagnostic tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":30499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction","volume":"2019 ","pages":"1307345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/1307345","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36921693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Detoxification on Sleep: How Does Sleep Quality Change during Qualified Detoxification Treatment?","authors":"Peter Neu,&nbsp;Yvonne Sofin,&nbsp;Heidi Danker-Hopfe","doi":"10.1155/2018/9492453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9492453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aims.</i> Sleep disturbances are common in addiction and withdrawal. This study examined the course of sleep quality in a population of alcohol dependent patients during qualified detoxification treatment in a psychiatric hospital. <i>Methods.</i> The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was administered to 77 electively admitted alcohol dependent patients hospitalized for qualified detoxification treatment. Sleep quality was measured at admission and at discharge. <i>Results.</i> The prevalence of bad sleep as measured by a PSQI-score > 5 was 70.1% at admission. During detoxification, male and female patients were equally affected by sleep disturbances and improvement of sleep was not significantly different between males and females. The PSQI score at admission predicted the change of the PSQI score during qualified detoxification treatment. After inpatient detoxification, sleep disturbances persisted in 59.7% of the patients. <i>Conclusions.</i> Contrary to our expectations, the average patient's sleep quality improved in our study after two weeks of detoxification treatment. Sleep disturbances nevertheless persisted in almost two-thirds of the patients. In the view of that finding, patients may require individual evaluation of sleep quality and insomnia-specific treatment in the course of detoxification therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":30499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction","volume":"2018 ","pages":"9492453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/9492453","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36930598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Related Quality of Life in Individuals Transferred from a Needle Exchange Program and Starting Opioid Agonist Treatment.","authors":"Martin Bråbäck,&nbsp;Louise Brådvik,&nbsp;Katja Troberg,&nbsp;Pernilla Isendahl,&nbsp;Suzan Nilsson,&nbsp;Anders Håkansson","doi":"10.1155/2018/3025683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3025683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Opioid agonist treatment (OAT), for the treatment of heroin dependence, has been reported to improve overall health and lower mortality. Drug use and retention in treatment have often been used as measures of treatment success. More recently, however, researchers have suggested that measurements of quality of life should be an outcome in substance use treatment evaluations. In a recent randomized controlled trial we demonstrated high rates of successful rapid referral from a needle exchange program (NEP) to OAT. The aim of this study was to see whether an improvement in health related quality of life (HRQoL) could be seen at 3-month follow-up after starting OAT and whether it was associated with any baseline characteristics. We also wanted to compare our sample to a sample from the general population with regard to HRQoL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a 3-month follow-up of 71 patients who started OAT. Measurements of HRQoL with EQ-5D (an instrument developed by the EuroQol group) were made at baseline and at three months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean EQ-5D VAS (visual analogue scale) for the study sample at baseline was 47.3, which was lower than a Swedish reference population reporting 83.3. Individuals reporting being prescribed a drug for a psychiatric condition had significantly lower EQ-5D index values. Improvement in EQ-5D index score was significantly less for individuals reporting previous overdoses (-0.10, p=0.025). Individuals reporting previous suicide attempts had significantly lower EQ-5D VAS score at baseline. A significant increase of the EQ-5D VAS difference over time was found with a mean difference of 10.94 (p=0.008) for the total sample.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To our knowledge this is the first time HRQoL as an outcome is reported in a population transferred from a NEP to OAT. Our results indicate that OAT can result in increased HRQoL, even with this type of rapid low-threshold referral.</p>","PeriodicalId":30499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction","volume":"2018 ","pages":"3025683"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/3025683","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36880647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco and Substance Use among Psychiatric Inpatients in a Community Hospital: Cessation Counseling, Correlates, and Patterns of Use.","authors":"Oluwole Jegede,&nbsp;Olawale Ojo,&nbsp;Saad Ahmed,&nbsp;Kodjovi Kodjo,&nbsp;Inderpreet Virk,&nbsp;Dina Rimawi,&nbsp;Cory Mellon,&nbsp;Ayodeji Jolayemi,&nbsp;Tolu Olupona","doi":"10.1155/2018/7919704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7919704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epidemiological and experimental models have been applied to describe the disproportionately high prevalence of tobacco use in patients with mental illness. This observed association has become a dire public health concern. The main objective of the present study was to examine the provision of tobacco treatment strategies in a community teaching hospital serving a predominantly underserved African American population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was designed as a retrospective review of eight hundred and thirty patients admitted to the inpatient psychiatric units.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>52.2% of the entire cohort described themselves as current smokers. Gender, primary psychiatric diagnosis, and urine toxicology showed significant differences in the tobacco smoking and nontobacco smoking groups (P<0.05). Almost all current tobacco smokers (91.9%) had tobacco cessation counseling during the course of their hospitalization, but only 64% were offered treatments for tobacco dependence. More than half (57.9%) of the 680 participants who had urine toxicology reports were positive for any illicit substance with cannabis and cocaine being the most frequently used (32.4% and 23.2%). Direct logistic regression revealed gender, psychiatric diagnosis, and substance use as the only significant predictors of tobacco smoking among our cohort (P= 0.021, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tobacco screening, cessation counseling, and treatment continue to be a challenge in community psychiatric hospitals and need increased focus in the comprehensive management of patients with psychiatric disorders. The strong association between tobacco smoking and other substance use lends itself to the hypothesis that tobacco smoking debut prevention may be an effective public health strategy for addressing illicit drug use.</p>","PeriodicalId":30499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction","volume":"2018 ","pages":"7919704"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/7919704","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36880648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Immunomodulatory and Hematologic Cell Outcome in Heroin/Opioid Addicts.","authors":"Derya Guzel,&nbsp;Ahmet Bulent Yazici,&nbsp;Esra Yazici,&nbsp;Atila Erol","doi":"10.1155/2018/2036145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2036145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The long-term use of opioids leads alternations in both innate-adaptive immune systems and other diagnostic hematologic cells. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the alterations of these parameters in patients with heroin/opioid addictions. Adults, meeting the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria of the American Psychiatric Association regarding opioid use disorder (Heroin Group or HG, n = 51) and healthy controls (Control Group or CG, n = 50), were included in the study. All hematological parameters, inflammation indexes (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio), and iron panel were compared with the controls. Mean corpuscular volume, red blood cell distribution width, mean corpuscular hemoglobin content, unsaturated iron-binding capacity, and total iron-binding capacity were significantly higher in HG compared to CG, while red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum iron levels were significantly lower. Additionally, platelet and platelet distribution width were significantly high while mean platelet volume was low in HG. Regarding the parameters related to immunity, white blood cell, neutrophil count, and neutrophil percentage were significantly high while lymphocyte percentage and basophils count were significantly low. Besides, inflammatory indexes were significantly higher in HG compared to CG. Intravenous administration of heroin resulted in lower levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular volume than inhalation and intranasal administration. Our data demonstrated that chronic use of opioids is related to all of the hematologic series. The chronic use of opioid alters the immunologic balance in favor of innate immunity cells and changes the hematometric/morphometric characteristics of erythrocytes. What is more, the route of heroin administration should be taken into consideration as well. This study may lead to a better understanding of the hematological effects of heroin/opioid use in patients with relevant addictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":30499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction","volume":"2018 ","pages":"2036145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/2036145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36842944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of Gender Differences in Smoking Behaviors, Intention to Quit, and Nicotine Dependence among Thai University Students.","authors":"Dujrudee Chinwong,&nbsp;Ngamtip Mookmanee,&nbsp;Jongkonnee Chongpornchai,&nbsp;Surarong Chinwong","doi":"10.1155/2018/8081670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8081670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death. In Thailand, the prevalence of smoking is about 15-20 times higher among men than women. This study aimed to investigate gender differences among university students concerning smoking behaviors, nicotine dependence, and intention to quit smoking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from participants who were current smokers studying at a university in northern Thailand. Snowball sampling was used to recruit participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 364 participants, there were 321 males and 43 females. This study showed higher smoking behaviors among males than females; males were more likely to smoke every day than females (67.0 and 41.9%, respectively, p value=0.002), and the average number of cigarettes daily was higher among males than females (8.4 and 5.5, respectively, p value=0.006). The sources of cigarettes differed between males and females. The nicotine dependence level, as measured by the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, was quite low in both male and female smokers and did not differ significantly (mean score of 2.3±2.2 for males, 1.8±1.8 for females; p value=0.123). Females were more likely than males toward intention to quit in the next 30 days (51.2 and 34.0%, respectively, p value=0.041). The most common reason for intention to quit was awareness of harm to health, for which females were more concerned than males.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Male and female university students who smoked differed in smoking behaviors and intention to quit, but not in nicotine dependence level. The university should provide health promotion to help students quit smoking.</p>","PeriodicalId":30499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction","volume":"2018 ","pages":"8081670"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/8081670","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36704548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco Use and Associated Factors in Patients Presenting to a Psychiatric Emergency Room.","authors":"Ashely Collins,&nbsp;Oluwadamilare Ajayi,&nbsp;Savannah Diamond,&nbsp;William Diamond,&nbsp;Suzanne Holroyd","doi":"10.1155/2018/8102165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8102165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rates of cigarette smoking among the public and individuals with mental illness have been well documented. Studies have demonstrated that prevalence of smoking among individuals with mental illness remains elevated compared to the general population and as a distinct subgroup, individuals with mental illness consume more than a third of cigarettes sold in the U.S. However, information on rates of smoking among patients presenting to a psychiatric emergency room (ER) is lacking. This study assesses this understudied population for smoking prevalence and associated factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review of 203 distinct psychiatric ER patients was conducted. Demographics, tobacco use, substance use, psychiatric diagnoses, and family history were noted and analyzed with SPSS.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Tobacco use rates were noted to be nearly fifty percent and significant associations were found with active suicidal ideation, alcohol use disorders, illicit drug use disorders, and history of prior psychiatric hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tobacco use among psychiatric ER patients is much higher than that of the general population and associated with active suicidal ideations, alcohol use disorders, and illicit substance use disorders. These findings should be considered in the evaluation and expectant management of these patients by their clinicians and healthcare providers.</p>","PeriodicalId":30499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction","volume":"2018 ","pages":"8102165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/8102165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36313941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance Use, Criminal Recidivism, and Mortality in Criminal Justice Clients: A Comparison between Men and Women.","authors":"Caroline Mannerfelt,&nbsp;Anders Håkansson","doi":"10.1155/2018/1689637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1689637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background.</i> This study aimed to map differences between male and female offenders with substance abuse, with respect to descriptive characteristics and risk factors for mortality and criminal recidivism. <i>Methods.</i> Criminal justice clients with substance abuse problems (<i>n</i> = 7085) were interviewed with the Addiction Severity Index. Mortality and data on return to criminal justice were retrieved from national registers. <i>Results.</i> Female offenders reported heavier substance use patterns, more psychiatric symptoms, and more often a partner with substance abuse, but had lower mortality (2% versus 4%) and criminal recidivism (62% versus 71%) during follow-up. Having a substance-abusing partner was associated with criminal recidivism among females. <i>Conclusions.</i> Female offenders with substance abuse differ from their male counterparts. Males and females had different risk factors for criminal recidivism.</p>","PeriodicalId":30499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction","volume":"2018 ","pages":"1689637"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/1689637","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36057493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer Patients Enrolled in a Smoking Cessation Clinical Trial: Characteristics and Correlates of Smoking Rate and Nicotine Dependence.","authors":"Andrew Miele,&nbsp;Morgan Thompson,&nbsp;Nancy C Jao,&nbsp;Ravi Kalhan,&nbsp;Frank Leone,&nbsp;Lee Hogarth,&nbsp;Brian Hitsman,&nbsp;Robert Schnoll","doi":"10.1155/2018/2438161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2438161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A substantial proportion of cancer patients continue to smoke after their diagnosis but few studies have evaluated correlates of nicotine dependence and smoking rate in this population, which could help guide smoking cessation interventions.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study evaluated correlates of smoking rate and nicotine dependence among 207 cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis using multiple linear regression evaluated disease, demographic, affective, and tobacco-seeking correlates of smoking rate and nicotine dependence. Smoking rate was assessed using a timeline follow-back method. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence measured levels of nicotine dependence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A multiple linear regression predicting nicotine dependence showed an association with smoking to alleviate a sense of addiction from the Reasons for Smoking scale and tobacco-seeking behavior from the concurrent choice task (<i>p</i> < .05), but not with affect measured by the HADS and PANAS (<i>p</i> > .05). Multiple linear regression predicting prequit showed an association with smoking to alleviate addiction (<i>p</i> < .05). ANOVA showed that Caucasian participants reported greater rates of smoking compared to other races.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that behavioral smoking cessation interventions that focus on helping patients to manage tobacco-seeking behavior, rather than mood management interventions, could help cancer patients quit smoking.</p>","PeriodicalId":30499,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction","volume":"2018 ","pages":"2438161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/2438161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36032096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}