ABE Architecture and the Built Environment最新文献

{"title":"PAS stakeholders & activities to achieve alignment","authors":"M. Arkesteijn","doi":"10.7480/ABE.2019.12.4132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7480/ABE.2019.12.4132","url":null,"abstract":"PAS consists of three main components; steps, stakeholders & activities, and mathematical models, as explained in chapter 4. In this chapter, the stakeholders & activities are the focal point (see Figure 6.1). By explaining the interactive design process in detail, the reader understands how the stakeholders perform the activities to achieve alignment between the organization and the corporate real estate portfolio. \u0000The stakeholders & activities are displayed in the left column of the flowchart in Figure 6.2. There, the stakeholders that are involved are divided in three types: the responsible management (RM), the stakeholders (S) and the facilitator and systems engineer (F & SE). They need to perform two types of activities: interviews and workshops. In the activity interviews, the stakeholders perform steps 1 to 4. In the activity workshops, the stakeholders perform step 5. They design an alternative corporate real estate portfolio and continue designing other alternatives until they mutually agree that the best possible alternative has been made. The activities are finished when, in the last interview, each stakeholder individually confirms the selection of the best alternative. \u0000The results of the three pilots have been discussed in chapter 5 including the final input the stakeholders have given in the interviews for steps 1 to 4. The best alternative the stakeholders have chosen in step 6 was also presented. This alternative was designed interactively and iteratively in the workshops in step 5. However, how the stakeholders have designed this alterative has not yet been explained. Since, interactively and iteratively designing alternatives in the mathematical models is a major component of PAS this design process is explained in this chapter. This chapter shows the interfaces that the stakeholders can use when designing alternatives including instructions on how to navigate the model. \u0000This chapter presents the pilots as follows: \u0000–– Pilot study 1: TU Delft’s food facilities in paragraph 6.1; \u0000–– Pilot study 2: TU Delft’s lecture halls in paragraph 6.2; \u0000–– Pilot study 3: Oracle’s office locations in paragraph; \u0000–– And the pilot study comparison and conclusion in paragraph 6.4. \u0000For each pilot study, in the first subparagraph, the design interfaces that the stakeholders have at their disposal, are explained. In the second subparagraph, the stakeholders workshop set up is discussed in which they use the interface to design alternatives. Lastly, in the third subparagraph, the iterative process is discussed. The iteration takes place between step 5 (designiWng alternatives) and step 1 to 4 (variables, curves, weights and constraints).","PeriodicalId":30436,"journal":{"name":"ABE Architecture and the Built Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"233-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49548802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Samenspel corporatie en belegger","authors":"Nicole Plasschaert","doi":"10.7480/ABE.19.14.4120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7480/ABE.19.14.4120","url":null,"abstract":"In dit hoofdstuk wordt ingegaan op de samenwerking tussen woningcorporaties en beleggers waarbij middeldure huur, ofwel middenhuur, centraal staat. Er wordt antwoord gegeven op de volgende onderzoeksvraag: “Op welke andere samenwerkingswijze kunnen woningcorporaties, institutionele beleggers en gemeenten elkaar stimuleren om te investeren in nieuwe huurwoningen in het middensegment, teneinde daarmee bij te dragen aan gemengde wijken in stedelijke vernieuwing en een meer evenwichtige woningmarkt?” Met huurwoningen in het middensegment, ofwel middenhuur, wordt in dit onderzoek bedoeld middeldure huurwoningen met een maandhuur vanaf de tweede aftoppingsgrens. Deze grens geldt voor huishoudens van drie of meer personen en wordt jaarlijks verhoogd. De tweede aftoppingsgrens lag in 2016 op circa € 630 en is de afgelopen jaren opgetrokken naar circa € 650 (prijspeil 2019). De minimum- en maximumgrenzen van middenhuur verschillen regionaal. In het algemeen wordt € 1.000 als maximumgrens gehanteerd (VNG, 2017). \u0000Om inzicht te krijgen in deze vraag worden de volgende deelvragen onderscheiden. \u0000Onder welke voorwaarden zijn institutionele beleggers bereid om te investeren in het middensegment vanaf de tweede aftoppingsgrens? \u0000Hoe is het voor woningcorporaties acceptabel te maken om zich terug te trekken tot aan de tweede aftoppingsgrens voor drie- en meerpersoonshuishoudens? \u0000Draagt samenwerking tussen institutionele beleggers en corporaties bij aan meer investeringen in het middensegment in stedelijke vernieuwingswijken? \u0000Op welke wijze kan de gemeente hieraan bijdragen? \u0000In relatie tot deze deelvragen zijn vijf veronderstellingen geformuleerd op basis van literatuuronderzoek en interviews. Deze worden diepgaand onderzocht aan de hand van een gamesimulatie. De interviews en gamesimulatie hebben plaatsgevonden in de eerste helft van 2016. Op basis van de bevindingen van de gamesimulatie en de interviews wordt de onderzoeksvraag van dit hoofdstuk beantwoord en worden conclusies getrokken. \u0000In de volgende paragraaf wordt allereerst de achtergrond en het speelveld in beeld gebracht, waarna in paragraaf 5.3 de interviews worden behandeld. In paragraaf 5.4 en 5.5 komen de opzet en resultaten van de gamesimulatie aan bod. In paragraaf 5.6 worden tot slot conclusies getrokken. \u0000Dit hoofdstuk is tot stand gekomen in samenwerking met Inge Oortgiesen in het kader van haar masterthesis Huisvesting voor middeninkomens (Oortgiesen, 2016) waaruit enkele passages en tabellen zijn overgenomen of bewerkt.","PeriodicalId":30436,"journal":{"name":"ABE Architecture and the Built Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"126-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48697532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling occupants’ behaviour and natural ventilation potential analysis in the design of a Chinese rural house","authors":"Xiaoyu Du","doi":"10.7480/ABE.19.10.4114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7480/ABE.19.10.4114","url":null,"abstract":"In chapter 11, the VGA analysis method proposed by the author was used for the evaluation of the layout designs of Chinese rural houses proposed by the local government. Type 10 was selected as best design type, because it can most easily achieve thermal summer comfort for occupants in passive ways. The optimised layout has a high potential to achieve natural cross-ventilation, especially in the public spaces, which are important for the local occupants’ thermal summer comfort in hot and humid climates. Chapter 11 also shows occupants’ movement behaviour in the spaces. The public spaces in the house are the most attractive spaces for occupants. This is related to the occupants’ spatial perception. This helps the occupants to enjoy the natural ventilation in the public spaces because there is a high potential to achieve natural ventilation there. \u0000In this chapter, the optimised layout design of chapter 11 will be developed for a new rural house design in the studied area. The focus of the design is still on the occupants’ behaviour and natural ventilation potential with respect to the spatial configuration. This study will demonstrate how to use the VGA analysis method for the optimisation of spatial configuration, coupling occupants’ behaviour and natural ventilation analysis to design practice.","PeriodicalId":30436,"journal":{"name":"ABE Architecture and the Built Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"273-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49596610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PAS steps to achieve alignment","authors":"M. Arkesteijn","doi":"10.7480/ABE.2019.12.4131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7480/ABE.2019.12.4131","url":null,"abstract":"The focus in this chapter is on the component steps of PAS (see Figure 5.1 and Figure 5.2). CRE alignment is achieved, as has been shown in chapter 4, if stakeholders can use PAS successfully. PAS is successful if the stakeholders are able to perform each step of PAS. I assume that the stakeholders can perform steps 1 (specifying decision variables), 3 (assigning weights) and 4 (determining design constraints) because these type of steps are part of other multi criteria decision analysis as well. However, it is not known if stakeholders are able to perform the new step 2 (determining preferences) and step 5a (design alternatives) and are willing to select the alternative with the highest overall preference score in step 6. Preferably, this new alternative has a higher overall preference score than the overall preference score in the current situation. However, if the boundary conditions are strict this is not always possible. PAS has been tested in three pilots. \u0000This chapter has the following structure: \u0000–– TU Delft pilot for the food facilities in paragraph 5.1; \u0000–– TU Delft pilot for lecture halls in paragraph 5.2; \u0000–– Oracle’s pilot for office locations in paragraph 5.3; \u0000–– Pilot study comparison and conclusion in paragraph 5.4.","PeriodicalId":30436,"journal":{"name":"ABE Architecture and the Built Environment","volume":"192 ","pages":"181-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41315323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Samenspel corporatie en gemeente","authors":"Nicole Plasschaert","doi":"10.7480/ABE.19.14.4122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7480/ABE.19.14.4122","url":null,"abstract":"In de twee voorgaande hoofdstukken werd ingegaan op het samenspel tussen woningcorporaties en respectievelijk beleggers en (ontwikkelende) bouwers. In dit hoofdstuk staat de samenwerking tussen woningcorporaties en gemeenten centraal, die als gevolg van de gewijzigde Woningwet en cyclus van prestatieafspraken is veranderd. Er wordt antwoord gegeven op de volgende onderzoeksvraag: “Op welke andere samenwerkingswijze kunnen woningcorporaties, gemeenten en huurdersorganisaties elkaar onder het regime van de nieuwe Woningwet door middel van samenwerkings- en prestatieafspraken stimuleren om te investeren in stedelijke vernieuwing en wijkontwikkeling?” \u0000Om inzicht te krijgen in deze deelvraag worden de volgende deelvragen onderscheiden. \u0000Hoe kunnen corporaties gestimuleerd worden om te investeren in stedelijke vernieuwingswijken door middel van samenwerkings- en prestatieafspraken? \u0000Hoe kunnen gemeenten bijdragen aan investeringen in stedelijke vernieuwingswijken door middel van samenwerkings- en prestatieafspraken met woningcorporaties? \u0000Op welke wijze kunnen huurdersorganisaties en marktpartijen hieraan bijdragen? \u0000Op basis van dezelfde methodiek als in de twee voorgaande hoofdstukken zijn vijf veronderstellingen geformuleerd in relatie tot deze vragen, gebaseerd op literatuuronderzoek en interviews. Deze veronderstellingen worden diepgaand onderzocht aan de hand van een gamesimulatie met de nadruk op het samenspel tussen corporaties en gemeente. De interviews zijn gehouden voorafgaand aan deze gamesimulatie, identiek aan hoofdstuk 5, omdat dit een goede volgorde is gebleken. Op basis van de bevindingen wordt de onderzoeksvraag van dit hoofdstuk beantwoord en worden conclusies getrokken. \u0000In de volgende paragraaf komt allereerst de achtergrond en het speelveld aan bod. In paragraaf 7.3 worden de interviews behandeld, waarna in paragraaf 7.4 en 7.5 de opzet en resultaten van de gamesimulatie uiteen worden gezet. Tot slot worden in paragraaf 7.6 conclusies getrokken.","PeriodicalId":30436,"journal":{"name":"ABE Architecture and the Built Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"200-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49549637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investeringen van corporaties in stedelijke vernieuwing","authors":"Nicole Plasschaert","doi":"10.7480/ABE.19.14.4117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7480/ABE.19.14.4117","url":null,"abstract":"Dit hoofdstuk geeft de context weer van woningcorporaties in relatie tot de woningmarkt, stedelijke vernieuwing en gebiedsontwikkeling. Paragraaf 2.1 beschrijft de woningmarkt in Nederland. Paragraaf 2.2 gaat in op de rol van woningcorporaties en in paragraaf 2.3 komt de Woningwet aan bod. In paragraaf 2.4 wordt het begrip stedelijke vernieuwing gedefinieerd en worden de ontwikkelingen in stedelijke vernieuwing en beleid beschreven vanaf het naoorlogse wijkenbeleid tot aan de huidige wijkvernieuwing. Paragraaf 2.5 gaat in op investeringsstrategieen van woningcorporaties in stedelijke vernieuwing, waarna in paragraaf 2.6 de relatie wordt gelegd met stedelijke gebiedsontwikkeling. Aan de hand daarvan wordt afgebakend waar dit onderzoek zich op richt. Tot slot geeft paragraaf 2.7 een korte samenvatting en conclusies.","PeriodicalId":30436,"journal":{"name":"ABE Architecture and the Built Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"40-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47398199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Samenspel corporatie en bouwer","authors":"Nicole Plasschaert","doi":"10.7480/ABE.19.14.4121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7480/ABE.19.14.4121","url":null,"abstract":"Dit hoofdstuk gaat primair over de samenwerking tussen woningcorporatie en bouwer. De focus van woningcorporaties is door de herziening van de Woningwet met name op het goedkope en betaalbare segment komen te liggen, wat vraagt om betaalbare oplossingen van bouwers met een lagere kostprijs. De bouwsector staat echter bekend om verspillingen van geld en materiaal, weinig innovatie en lange bouwprocessen (Vrijhoef, 2011). Een van de oorzaken van deze inefficientie is de vaak problematische relatie tussen opdrachtgever en opdrachtnemer (Tazelaar en Snijders, 2010; Vrijhoef, 2011; Venselaar, 2017). Om samenwerking te verbeteren, verspillingen te reduceren en kwaliteit te verhogen wordt ketensamenwerking gezien als veelbelovend alternatief (Bygballe et al., 2010; Vrijhoef, 2011; Eriksson, 2015). \u0000Naast de samenwerking tussen corporatie en bouwer wordt ingegaan op de rol die ontwikkelaars zouden kunnen spelen. Als marktpartij kunnen zij een toegevoegde waarde hebben op inhoudelijk en financieel gebied, maar ook op het gebied van organisatie en marketing (Helleman, 2005; Kazemi et al, 2009; Gruis et al., 2009). Zij zouden de rol van intermediair tussen corporatie en bouwer op zich kunnen nemen en daarbij kennis en expertise kunnen inbrengen. Ontwikkelaars zouden bovendien de rol van gebiedsregisseur op zich kunnen nemen en grondposities kunnen inbrengen of ruilen met de corporatie.","PeriodicalId":30436,"journal":{"name":"ABE Architecture and the Built Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"160-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42066066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods of spatial analysis for natural ventilation potential","authors":"Xiaoyu Du","doi":"10.7480/ABE.19.10.4112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7480/ABE.19.10.4112","url":null,"abstract":"The basic theory of space syntax was described in section 2 of chapter 9. Some methods have been developed from the theory of spatial analysis to explore the spatial structure of buildings and cities. The DepthmapX-one graph-based representations and measures program (Turner, 2001) is one of the most important platforms for space syntax analysis. Convex and axial analysis, isovist and VGA analysis, as well as segment analysis are the methods involved in this programme (Al_Sayed, Turner, Hillier, Iida, & Penn, 2014). The axial and segment analysis are more suitable for the analysis at the urban scale. The convex analysis is suitable for the building scale and isovist and VGA analysis are suitable for both urban and building scale. Many cases have been studied to reveal the topological relationship between the spaces which is related to the social behaviour of human in building or urban scale via DepthmapX. \u0000In this chapter, the traditional space syntax methods for building spatial analysis used in the Depthmap were discussed firstly. Then, the author shows how to extended the traditional methods for natural ventilation potential analysis.","PeriodicalId":30436,"journal":{"name":"ABE Architecture and the Built Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"239-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48044174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the third dimension of glass","authors":"F. Oikonomopoulou","doi":"10.7480/ABE.2019.9.4088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7480/ABE.2019.9.4088","url":null,"abstract":"Glass as a material has always fascinated architects. Its inherent transparency has given us the ability to create diaphanous barriers between the interior and the exterior that allow for space and light continuity. Yet, we are just starting to understand the full potential, properties and characteristics of glass as a material. Only in the last decades did we discover the structural potential of glass and started to use it, besides as a cladding material, also for load-bearing applications thanks to its high compressive strength. Indeed, at present the structural applications of glass in architecture are continuously increasing, yet they are dominated by a considerable geometrical limitation: the essentially 2-dimensionality imposed by the prevailing float glass industry. Although glass panels can stretch more than 20 m in length, the maximum monolithic thickness by this manufacturing method remains a mere 25 mm. As a result glass structures are currently dominated by virtually 2-dimensional, planar elements and confined to the limited shapes that can be achieved by those.\u0000\u0000\u0000This research focuses on the exploration of cast glass as a promising, 3-dimensional construction material in architecture. The main aim of this research is therefore to investigate the potential, as well as the constraints, of cast glass components for the engineering of transparent, 3-dimensional glass structures in architecture.\u0000\u0000\u0000By pouring molten glass into moulds, solid 3-dimensional glass components of virtually any shape and cross-section can be made. Owing to their monolithic nature, such components can form repetitive units for the construction of freeform, full-glass structures that are not sensitive to buckling. Such structures can take full advantage of the high compressive strength of glass, sparing the necessity of additional supporting elements. To achieve cast glass structures, it is essential to use an intermediate material between the individual glass components that contributes to the structure’s stiffness, ensures a homogeneous load distribution and prevents early failure due to concentrated stresses triggered by glass-to-glass contact. To maximize transparency, this intermedium should be colourless and any additional substructure should be minimized.\u0000\u0000\u0000Accordingly, the main scientific contribution of this research work is the design, development and experimental investigation of two distinct systems for selfsupporting envelopes of maximized transparency: An adhesively bonded glass block system, using a colourless adhesive as an intermedium and a dry-assembly, interlocking cast glass block system, employing a colourless dry interlayer. Although, in this work, both systems have been developed for self-supporting envelopes, the results can be used as a guideline for further structural applications of cast glass components in compressive elements, such as columns, arches and bending elements, such as beams and fins.\u0000\u0000\u0000At present, the load-bearing function o","PeriodicalId":30436,"journal":{"name":"ABE Architecture and the Built Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44068816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work as a Housing Right","authors":"A. R. C. Cavalcanti","doi":"10.7480/ABE.2019.8.3936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7480/ABE.2019.8.3936","url":null,"abstract":"This paper hopes that architects designing social housing for people originally living in informal settlements consider the importance of social practices, namely work activities, held by residents within the established informal settlements. Both the analysis and reflection hinge upon the practices previously established by a group of resettled inhabitants from the Favela Sururu de Capote, that exists in Maceio (Brazil) since the 1970’s, to Vila Sao Pedro, a housing project developed by Brazilian Government in 2009. In fact, the research shows that labor, the social practice that most of all shapes and governs spaces in the favela (Cavalcanti, 2017), also drove the modifications that significantly altered the original shape of the social housing designed according to principles of formal architecture. \u0000The ethnographic research was developed according to participant observation through a multi-year field research started in 2008, before the resettlement of residents and continued after one and seven years from relocation. Information consisted of interviews, audio records of residents’ monologues, drawings, photos and video. In sum, the socio-economic traditions of residents were analysed before and after the resettlement process, both in the favela and in the social housing. Already little time after relocation, the social housing was profoundly modified and ‘mischaracterized’ by residents. Thus, the original project failed its mission, as it happened twenty years before in a similar attempt, in a project designed by the housing program PROMORAR, in 1989. From the analysis, it emerges that the herein emplaced working activities mostly drove residents to profoundly change the social housing designated to them according to traditional design and management schemes. According to this research, nearly 87% of the incremental changes in external spaces and ground level of the 380 housing units of the Vila Sao Pedro were devoted to give room to labor activities. The elaborated information constitutes the roots of an intellectual reflection about the in-depth reasons of this phenomenon. In fact, all the observed modifications are emplaced to preserve the source of income of residents of favelas, needed for the inhabitant to pay their bills and therefore to guarantee their permanence in the new housing units. Thus, these necessities overcome any aesthetic rigor, hygienic standards, canons, program, formal/legal constrains that are inherent the designing criteria of formal housing. This impellent necessity of unprivileged groups of society should question the role of architects within the delicate mission of providing dwelling solutions to informal settlements. But the consequences arising from this reflection invest many sectors, from institutions to academia. In fact, in the context of informal settlements, the right to have spaces to work is embedded in the right to have a housing unit. Possible strategies to rethink policies, knowledge on incremental","PeriodicalId":30436,"journal":{"name":"ABE Architecture and the Built Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"125-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47887110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}