Asian Development Bank Economics Research Paper Series最新文献_第3页

Education and the Journey to the Core: Path-Dependence or Leapfrogging? 教育与核心之旅:路径依赖还是跨越式发展?

Asian Development Bank Economics Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2014-03-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2479727

Aashish Mehta, J. Felipe

{"title":"Education and the Journey to the Core: Path-Dependence or Leapfrogging?","authors":"Aashish Mehta, J. Felipe","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2479727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2479727","url":null,"abstract":"We study changes in 130 countries’ indices of revealed comparative advantage for 1,240 products between 1995 and 2010, to answer: (i) whether export diversification is path-dependent, and whether it is more difficult to diversify into more sophisticated products; and (ii) whether education helps reduce path-dependence, or to develop comparative advantage in sophisticated products. We develop a regression framework that includes a measure of how distant a target product is from those products a country exports with comparative advantage, and measures of product sophistication. We combine these with estimates of the quality and quantity of education that a country’s workforce possesses. We find, first, that, over this period, the development of comparative advantage is a path-dependent process — stepping stones products must usually be developed to approach new products. Second, there is strong evidence consistent with the view that education helps reduce this path-dependence by facilitating more rapid incremental movement across the stepping stones of industrial development. Results also indicate that education quality matters more than education quantity, and that high-quality basic education matters for export diversification. Our framework also allows us to test whether leapfrogging into what we refer to as core products is possible and conclude that this is very unlikely.","PeriodicalId":303938,"journal":{"name":"Asian Development Bank Economics Research Paper Series","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123395496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Governance and Development Outcomes in Asia 亚洲治理与发展成果

Asian Development Bank Economics Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2479168

K. Sen

{"title":"Governance and Development Outcomes in Asia","authors":"K. Sen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2479168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2479168","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between governance and economic development is one of the most important areas of research in international development. Much of the previous literature has focused on whether better governance leads to higher levels of income. In this paper, we examine the relationship between governance and broader development outcomes, with a specific focus on developing Asia. In our empirical analysis, we use disaggregated measures of governance to capture different dimensions of governance, and to allow for the possibility that different dimensions of governance such as administrative capacity, legal infrastructure, and state accountability can affect development indicators differentially. We find a clear role for governance in affecting most development outcomes except levels of schooling. This is particularly evident for state administrative capacity and legal infrastructure, and less evident for state accountability. However, we find that the benign relationship between governance and development is weaker for Asian countries for several of the development indicators. We also find that the key mechanism by which governance affects development is by increasing the mobilization of domestic resources and by increasing the effectiveness with which these resources are spent on social sectors. Along with the fact that governance quality is lower in Asia than other regions of the world (except sub-Saharan Africa), this suggests that improvements in governance along with the strengthening of the mechanisms by which governance affects social development can deliver clear gains in development outcomes in developing Asia.","PeriodicalId":303938,"journal":{"name":"Asian Development Bank Economics Research Paper Series","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123804594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

The Transformation of Rice Value Chains in Bangladesh and India: Implications for Food Security 孟加拉国和印度大米价值链的转型:对粮食安全的影响

Asian Development Bank Economics Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2013-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2323166

T. Reardon, B. Minten, Kevin Z. Chen, L. Adriano

{"title":"The Transformation of Rice Value Chains in Bangladesh and India: Implications for Food Security","authors":"T. Reardon, B. Minten, Kevin Z. Chen, L. Adriano","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2323166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2323166","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the survey findings that rice value chains are transforming in Bangladesh and India. The main elements of the transformation are as follows: First, rice value chains in both countries have begun to “geographically lengthen” and “intermediationally shorten.” Second, farmers capture about 60% of the final urban retail price of rice; this can be compared to about 23% in 1998 and 37% in 1980 in the United States. Third, the corollary is that about 40% of the value chain is formed by the postharvest segments of the rice value chain—in milling, trading, and retailing. Fourth, while much policy debate centers on direct government operations in food value chains, such operations were, in general, quite small in the rice value chain, except for the Government of India’s purchases from mills. Fifth, the indirect roles of governments have been important in enabling change and at times in providing incentives for transformation. Sixth, government subsidies had important effects, but the evidence of accessibility to subsidies and the impact of the services were mixed. Seventh, the study points to the importance of farm input supply chains upstream from farmers and of midstream and downstream postharvest activities such as logistics and wholesale, milling, and retailing. Policy implications are drawn in the final section of the paper.","PeriodicalId":303938,"journal":{"name":"Asian Development Bank Economics Research Paper Series","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134243364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Globalization, Labor Market Regulation, and Firm Behavior 全球化、劳动力市场监管与企业行为

Asian Development Bank Economics Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2309137

Moritz Meyer, P. Vandenberg

引用次数: 3

On the Determinants of Scholastic Performance in Five Asian Countries 亚洲五国学生学习成绩的决定因素研究

Asian Development Bank Economics Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2013-03-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2236534

J. Deutsch, J. Silber

引用次数: 0

Enterprises in the Philippines: Dynamism and Constraints to Employment Growth 菲律宾企业:就业增长的动力和制约因素

Asian Development Bank Economics Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2491923

Niny Khor, Iva Sebastian, R. Aldaba

{"title":"Enterprises in the Philippines: Dynamism and Constraints to Employment Growth","authors":"Niny Khor, Iva Sebastian, R. Aldaba","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2491923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2491923","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to analyze the factors affecting the growth of enterprises in the Philippines, as measured from the expansion of employment. The paper contributes to the literature in two ways. First, it attempts to provide a comprehensive background of the various policies and legislations that affect firms in the country. Second, using micro-level data of the firms in 2009, we correlate the observed growth of these firms with reported constraints in the business environment within which these firms operate, to investigate which ones are binding constraints. We find significant correlations between a subset of these indicators of business climates and the issues raised in previous literature, and the effects vary across firms of different sizes. Given the challenging global climate in the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2008 and 2009, more than a third of these firms expanded their payroll and majority saw growth in real sales. Amidst a sea of subjective self-reported responses, we manage to find certain empirical regularities that withstand a battery of robustness checks. These correlations between a subset of indicators for business climates and the growth or expansion of firms may shed some light on future potential policies to assist these firms, as well as provide directions for further research.","PeriodicalId":303938,"journal":{"name":"Asian Development Bank Economics Research Paper Series","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121138066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Economic Impact of Eurozone Sovereign Debt Crisis on Developing Asia 欧元区主权债务危机对亚洲发展中国家的经济影响

Asian Development Bank Economics Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1108/S1569-3767(2013)0000014013

Minsoo Lee, Donghyun Park, Arnelyn Abdon, Gemma Estrada

引用次数: 14

Global Value Chains and the Transmission of Business Cycle Shocks 全球价值链与商业周期冲击的传导

Asian Development Bank Economics Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2012-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2127450

Byron Gangnes, Alyson C. Ma, Ari Van Assche

引用次数: 12

Lessons from the 1997 and the 2008 Crises in the Republic of Korea 1997年和2008年韩国危机的教训

Asian Development Bank Economics Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2018682

Hangyong Lee, C. Rhee

引用次数: 3

Effects of Financial Market Imperfections on Indian Firms’ Exporting Behavior 金融市场不完善对印度企业出口行为的影响

Asian Development Bank Economics Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2011-05-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1884672

Hiro Ito, Akiko Terada-Hagiwara

{"title":"Effects of Financial Market Imperfections on Indian Firms’ Exporting Behavior","authors":"Hiro Ito, Akiko Terada-Hagiwara","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1884672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1884672","url":null,"abstract":"Using data from more than 6,000 manufacturing firms in India for 1996–2008, we investigate the impact of financial constraints on the exporting behavior of Indian manufacturing firms while also focusing on the link between exchange rate movement and exports. We find that there is a strong degree of persistency in the exporting behavior of Indian manufacturing firms, reflecting the high fixed costs of entering foreign markets for Indian firms. A firm with a higher amount of net cash flows and smaller debt-to-asset ratios is more likely to become an exporter, indicating that a firm tends to self-finance its exporting without relying too much on external finances. Internal funds are especially important for firms that are not incumbent exporters to become exporters, and also for firms that do not enjoy technical advancement and high levels of productivity. When we divide the sample period into several subperiods, Indian firms have become less reliant on internal cash in recent years, but new exporters still rely on cash holdings to enter foreign markets. Over all, recent financial liberalization in India still does not allow the financial system to meet the stronger demand for funds by firms, especially small ones, though part of the stronger demand for funds are increasingly met by funds provided by foreign institutions. Based on our findings, improving the functionality of financial markets is an urgent issue to remove financial constraints that hinder Indian firms from entering export markets.","PeriodicalId":303938,"journal":{"name":"Asian Development Bank Economics Research Paper Series","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129189843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5