Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research最新文献

{"title":"Investigating Influences on Intercultural Sensitivity Through Undergraduate and Graduate Students’ Reflections on Identities","authors":"Daphne Fauber, K. Mueller","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1540","url":null,"abstract":"Due to a shift ing global environment and unique personal circumstances, traditional in- person learning experiences that foster cross- cultural interactions and learning, including study abroad programs, have become unavailable to many. In light of this issue, we investigated how a virtual cross- cultural course, such as Global Social Justice in Education (GSJE), could allow undergraduate and graduate students to explore their cultural identities and enhance their intercultural sensitivity. Data for this study was collected via three distinct GSJE refl ections completed by a single cohort of 11 Purdue graduate and undergraduate students who interacted with international participants. Purdue participant refl ections were analyzed and coded for descriptors using an emergent identity framework created for this study. Textual evidence was then gathered from participant refl ections and was used to inform which cultural identities participants refl ected on most oft en in the context of GSJE and how exploration of cultural identities enabled participants to develop their intercultural sensitivity. Overall, the fi ndings of this study suggest that GSJE enabled undergraduate and graduate students to draw personal connections between themselves and diverse others, address personal bias, and gain awareness of diverse perspectives. Investigating Influences on Intercultural Sensitivity Undergraduate and Graduate Students’ Reflections Identities","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86979583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sculpting Charge in Graphene Through Patterned Strain","authors":"Dylan J Balter, Jenna Smith","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1566","url":null,"abstract":"Graphene, an atomically thin carbon sheet, possesses differentiating optical and electrical properties that have led to worldwide exploration into its utility for applications ranging from quantum computing and sensing to optical devices. Regardless of application, sculpting the quantity and distribution of charge within graphene provides a path to enhanced performance. Here, this sculpting is accomplished by draping graphene over a topographically patterned substrate. Draping graphene over a “bumpy” substrate induces patterned strain. It also creates a distribution of touchpoints between graphene and the underlying substrate. Since mechanical strain affects the charge density in graphene as does its contact with another material, the cumulative effect of each induces patterned charge within the 2D material. Practically, this is shown by transferring monolayer graphene onto a silicon wafer, the face of which has been etched to produce pillars in a square lattice spaced at 1 μm. Strain and carrier concentration were then imaged by analyzing changes in the peak positions of graphene’s Raman spectrum, as shown in the figure. Linear “strain stripes” were observed that run in one direction relative to the pillars. Carrier concentration varied only somewhat in response to these strain stripes. It was instead more strongly impacted by “spots’” correlated with contact of the graphene with the patterned substrate. Irrespective of cause, these results affirm that topographic patterning of graphene provides a path to spatially controlling charge, thereby opening alternative pathways for designing devices based upon this material. Research advisor Thomas Beechem writes: “Spatially patterning charge in graphene and other two-dimensional materials creates an entire palette to design optical and electronic devices having functionality not available in normal ‘thick’ materials. Dylan and Jenna’s work explores a path of inducing this patterned charge by laying them over bumpy surfaces.” (a) Silicon was etched to create pillars over which the 2D-solid graphene was draped. By placing graphene over the patterned substrate, the (b) strain and (c) carrier concentration could be spatially varied, although not in a (d) one-to-one fashion as evidenced by overlaying the results. In (d), red hues correspond to the silicon Raman intensity, while the blue and green correspond to the graphene strain and carrier concentration.","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90103222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling SCN2A Deficiency in Mice","authors":"Jacob Paulaskas","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1589","url":null,"abstract":"Encoded by the gene SCN2A (Scn2a in mice), Nav1.2 sodium channels propagate action potentials as the main form of communication in the brain, especially during development. When the SCN2A gene becomes disrupted by mutation, the phenotypic results range from epilepsy to autism in humans. A mouse was selected to model the effects of SCN2A-related neurodevelopmental disorders and examine the efficacy of potential therapies. A gene trap reduced Scn2a gene expression and increased survivability past the perinatal state, unlike a complete Scn2a knockout. A functional Scn2a transcript was produced at levels of 29 ± 4% in homozygous (HOM) gene-trap mice, compared to 100% expression in wild-type (WT) mice. HOM mice did not mate, so heterozygous (HET) mice had to be used for breeding. Mendelian genetics dictates crossing two HETs gives a 1:2:1 probability that offspring could be either HOM, HET, or WT. Therefore, each mouse pup was genotyped with PCR, and a final Mendelian ratio was calculated to determine if the litters followed the theoretical 1:2:1 pattern. A chi-square goodness of fit test was performed and concluded the results were not significant (p = 0.0676), showing the data followed the theoretical 1:2:1 ratio at a >95% confidence interval. Only litters with at least one HOM were included to reduce bias from inconsistent genotyping. The most frequent genotyping issues were maintaining consistent DNA/elution buffer concentrations during extraction and streaking on the electrophoresis gel. Overall, the HOM gene-trap mice will continue to serve as a model for testing new therapies for SCN2A-related neurodevelopmental disorders.","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76621667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Adolescent Social Isolation on Adult, Binge-Like Ethanol Consumption and Plasma Corticosterone in High-Alcohol-Preferring Mice","authors":"Eva Cullins","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1563","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescent stress exposure increases the likelihood of alcohol misuse and alcohol use disorder (AUD) in adulthood; however, it is not clear how genetic and environmental factors interact to increase risk. Th is study examined how adolescent social isolation aff ects adult binge- like ethanol drinking and levels of the stress hormone corticosterone in male and female mice with a genetic predisposition toward high alcohol preference (HAP). Twenty- eight HAP mice were separated into group- housed (GH) and socially isolated (SI) conditions ( n = 13, 13). Binge drinking was assessed using a drinking in the dark (DID) procedure. Blood samples were taken before DID and aft er the 4th (last) day of DID. Overall, adolescent social isolation increased adult binge drinking in a sex- and time- dependent manner. Analysis of Hour 1 intake across the 4 days indicated that SI males drank signifi cantly more than GH males, and this was not the case in females. Th ere was no signifi cant eff ect of housing for Hour 2. On Day 4, aft er 2 hours of consumption, social isolation increased drinking regardless of sex. Plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels decreased following drinking, but there were no sex or housing group diff erences. Th ere were correlations between CORT levels and drinking, but only for SI females. Th ese fi ndings demonstrate that adolescent social isolation promotes binge- like drinking in both male and female adult mice with a genetic predisposition for high alcohol preference; however, this relationship is time- dependent, and males may be more sensitive than females to social isolation stress. Additionally, corticosterone levels change with regard to binge- drinking and sex.","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80587864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating Political Disagreement in Social Work: An Analysis of Past Literature, Ethical Guidance, and Case Examples","authors":"Saige M. Addison","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1572","url":null,"abstract":"Political advocacy is a core tenet of the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics. As a profession, social work has the responsibility to remain aware of trends that threaten the well- being of diverse populations. Th e historic connection between oppression and policy is undeniable, and the standards and principles in the Code of Ethics require social workers to intervene and be aware of political trends. However, at times, social workers’ political views may not refl ect the clients’ views. Navigating situations in which a client expresses political content with the social worker requires careful consideration and improvements in the available guidance. Prior literature addresses the political confl ict in Israel, Palestine, and Northern Ireland during times of extreme tension in those cultures. Yet, stark contrasts between the United States and those cultures exist, thus justifying the need for specifi c guidance for U.S. social workers. Currently, the state of society and social work in the United States requires social workers to dedicate increased attentiveness to these types of situations. As such, the connection between social work and political action is undeniable and worthy of further investigation. To do so, two relevant case examples from a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) will be assessed in which guidance from the NASW Code of Ethics, existing approaches, and prior literature will be applied. Th e evaluation of these case examples is intended to inform the decisions of other U.S.- based social workers confronting political disagreement with clients in direct practice work.","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76245582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of College Students’ Perspectives of E-cigarette Use and Major of Study","authors":"Parker Woodruff","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1529","url":null,"abstract":"This study assesses college students’ ideals on safety, dis-tribution, and use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). This research aims to identify trends in student perceptions of ENDS across different majors of study at Purdue University. This will allow us to identify opportu-nities to expand public health education regarding ENDS at Purdue University.","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88888952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) Depletion in Pulmonary Metastatic Formation in Breast Cancer Murine Models","authors":"Zilin Xianyu","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1549","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies show that the five-year survival rate for women with metastatic (spreading) breast cancer is 28% whereas this number for women with nonmetastatic invasive breast cancer is 90%. Therefore, prevention of metastatic formation can be an effective way to reduce the mortality rate for breast cancer patients. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process that supports cancer to spread and is a vital mechanism that has been studied for decades. Through this process, epithelial (less mobile) cells can obtain mesenchymal (migratory) phenotypes to move from its original location to distant organs. Once they reach their destination, mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) will happen to help them become epithelial again to attach to the new epithelia. As a key enzyme in fatty acid production, fatty acid synthase (FASN) is increased with EMT induction and overexpressed in distant organ metastasis of breast cancer. As a result of that, we are interested in the influence of FASN in EMT in breast cancer metastasis. Our long-term goal is to develop FASN-targeting medications that can inhibit formation of pulmonary metastases originating from breast cancer cells. To achieve this goal, we will investigate the influence of a lack of FASN in pulmonary metastasis formation in breast cancer murine (mice) models. Our central hypothesis is that FASN is a vital protein for breast cancer metastasis, so a lack of FASN will inhibit the formation of pulmonary metastasis. Through this project, we hope to obtain a deeper understanding of FASN and its role in EMT to provide more options for breast cancer treatments.","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85872615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light Curve Inversion: Determining the Shape of Human-Made Space Objects","authors":"Liam Robinson","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1588","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82480272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microaggression Among Registered Nurses: An Exploratory Study","authors":"Saige M. Addison","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1574","url":null,"abstract":"In this mixed method study, RNs (N = 22) completed the “Acceptability of Racial Microaggressions Scale” (ARMS, based on Mekawi and Todd’s 2018 research) before reading a vignette depicting a Black man in the emergency room. Subsequently, participants responded to three open-ended questions. Results revealed that there was overall low agreement with the ARMS subscales, indicating that the participants were generally unlikely to endorse microaggression; however, the Color Evasion subscale had the greatest agreement (M = 2.701). This suggests a greater adherence to colorblind beliefs and ideology than other forms of microaggression within the sample. The open-ended responses generated three themes: helpfulness, emotional (in)attentiveness, and emergency response. Helpfulness included a desire to assist the patient and obtain the patient’s compliance. Emotional (in)attentiveness was characterized by observations of the patient’s emotions, yet a subsequent lack of acknowledgment of the patient’s feelings. Finally, emergency response encompassed the medical observations and recommendations of the RNs.","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72503078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral Alterations Following Exposure to a Mixture of Lead and Atrazine During Early Development in the Zebrafish Model System","authors":"Anusha KV Lakshmi Dharmavathi","doi":"10.7771/2158-4052.1564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/2158-4052.1564","url":null,"abstract":"Lead (Pb) and atrazine (ATZ) are hazardous environmental toxicants that can exist as a mixture in potable water. Numerous single chemical studies on Pb and ATZ support adverse health outcomes, including neurotoxicity, but mixture studies are limited. Th e aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that Pb and ATZ mixtures result in a greater than additive toxicity, causing increased adverse health outcomes than single chemical exposures. Th e zebrafi sh model system was exposed to 3 or 30 ppb (µg/L) ATZ, 10 ppb (equivalent to 0.1 µg/dL) or 100 ppb Pb, along with mixtures of each beginning at 1 hour postfertilization (hpf) and continuing through 120 hpf. A visual motor response behavioral assay was then conducted using the Noldus DanioVision. Th e visual motor response assay tracks locomotor movement over fi ve alternating periods of dark and light. Th e behavior data was analyzed by phase with a repeated measures ANOVA. Th e 10 ppb Pb mixture behavior data showed signifi cant hypoactivity in the 10 ppb Pb, 30 ppb ATZ, 3 ppb ATZ/10 ppb Pb, and 30 ppb ATZ/10 ppb Pb treatments for all parameters in multiple phases ( p < 0.05). Th e 100 ppb Pb mixture behavior data also showed signifi cant hypoactivity in the 100 ppb Pb and 30 ppb ATZ treatment groups, along with hypoactivity in both mixture treatment groups ( p < 0.05). Additionally, the 3 ppb ATZ treatment group had hyperactivity in the third dark phase ( p < 0.05). Th ese data align with past single chemical behavior studies and indicate a greater than additive mixture toxicity. zebrafish model system. Her dissertation has three main components, including predictive mixture modeling, molecular and cerebral vasculature development after mixture exposure, and generation of a disease model of neurodegener-ation using CRISPR- Cas9, a gene- editing technology. model system. These studies are investigating a developmental origin of adult disease pathogenesis with a specific focus on neuroendocrine dysfunction, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer with a goal of understanding the role of exposure to the environmental chemicals in these adverse health outcomes. Behavioral Alterations following Exposure to a Mixture of Lead and Atrazine during Early Development in the Zebrafish Model System","PeriodicalId":30386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73188263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}