Audiology最新文献

{"title":"Epidemiology of Permanent Childhood Hearing Impairment in Estonia, 1985-1990: Epidemiologia de los trastornos auditivos permanentes de la infancia en Estonia (1985–1990)","authors":"K. Uus, A. Davis","doi":"10.3109/00206090009073077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00206090009073077","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a retrospective study of permanent childhood hearing impairment (PCHI) ⩾ 40 dB HL in the better ear in children born between 1985 and 1990 and resident in Estonia. The prevalence rate of all permanent hearing impairment for the birth cohort 1985–1990 was 172 (95 per cent (CI 151-194) per 100,000 live births and that of congenital impairment was 152 (CI 134-170) per 100,000. For the con-genitally-impaired children, 11 per cent had stayed in a neonatal intensive care unit for 48 hours or more, 2 per cent had a craniofacial abnormality, and 31 per cent had a family history of PCHI. As for aetiology, hereditary causes were stated most frequently in 36 per cent of all of the cases of PCHI. The aetiology remained unknown in 34 per cent of cases. Additional disabilities were found in 23 per cent of all cases. Specific syndromes were recognized in 2 per cent of hereditary cases. The mean age at the confirmation of hearing impairment was 46.4 months and at hearing aid fitting 57.0 months. The results were compared with other European studies, particularly the Trent study. Sumario Se describe un estudio retrospectivo de trastornos auditivos permanentes de la infancia (PCHI) en niños nacidos entre 1985 y 1990, que residen en Estonia, y con una audición de 40 dB HL en el mejor oído. La tasa de prevalencia para todas las formas de trastorno auditivo permanente, en la cohorte de nacidos entre 1985 y 1990, fue de 172 (95 por ciento de intervalo de confianza - CI 151-194) por 100.000 nacidos vivos y el de trastornos congénitos fue de 152 (CI 134-170) por 100.000. De los niños con alteraciones congénitas, 11 por ciento habían permanecido en unidades de cuidado intensivo neonatal por 48 horas o más, 2 por ciento tenían anomalías cráneofaciales, y un 31 por ciento tenía historia familiar de PCHI. Con respecto a la etiología, las causas hereditarias fueron las más fre-cuentes en un 36 por ciento de todos los casos de PCHI. La etiologia fue desconocida en el 34 por ciento de las veces. Se encontraron discapacidades adicionales en un 23 por ciento de las veces. Se reconocieron síndromes específicos en un 2 por ciento de los casos hereditarios. La edad promedio de confirmation del trastornos auditivo fue de 46.4 meses y la de adaptation de un auxiliar auditivo fue de 57.0 meses. Los resultados se compararon con otros estu-dios europeos, particularmente con el estudio de Trent.","PeriodicalId":30299,"journal":{"name":"Audiology","volume":"39 1","pages":"192 - 197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00206090009073077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69473377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech Perception Test for Arabic-Speaking Children: Prueba de perceptión del habla para niños hablantes del árabe","authors":"L. Kishon-Rabin, J. Rosenhouse","doi":"10.3109/00206090009073091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00206090009073091","url":null,"abstract":"The high incidence of hearing impairment in the Arabic-speaking population in Israel, as well as the use of advanced aural rehabilitation devices, motivated the development of Arabic speech assessment tests for this population. The purpose of this paper is twofold. The first goal is to describe features that are unique to the Arabic language and that need to be considered when developing such speech tests. These include Arabic diglossia (i.e., the sharp dichotomy between Literary and Colloquial Arabic), emphatization, and a simple vowel system. The second goal is to describe a new analytic speech test that assesses the perception of significant phonological contrasts in the Colloquial Arabic variety used in Israel. The perception of voicing, place, and manner of articulation, in both initial and final word positions, was tested at four sensation levels in 10 normally-hearing subjects using a binary forced-choice paradigm. Results show a relationship between percent correct and presentation level that is in keeping with articulation curves obtained with Saudi Arabic and English monosyllabic words. Furthermore, different contrasts yielded different articulation curves: emphatization was the easiest to perceive whereas place of articulation was the most difficult. The results can be explained by the specific acoustical features of Arabic.","PeriodicalId":30299,"journal":{"name":"Audiology","volume":"39 1","pages":"269 - 277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00206090009073091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69473637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the Number of Averaged Responses in Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions on the Results of Neonatal Hearing Screening : Efecto del número promediado de emisiones otoacusticas evocadas por transitorios en el tamizaje auditivo nonatal","authors":"Stavros G. Korres, Dimitrios G. Balatsouras, Constantinos Economou, Eleftherios Ferekidis, Dimitrios Kandiloros, G. Adamopoulos","doi":"10.3109/00206090009098009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00206090009098009","url":null,"abstract":"I This study examined the effect of the number of accepted responses in transient evoked otoacoustic emissions on the results of neonatal hearing screening programmes. The ILO88 Otodynamics Analyzer Quickscreen programme was used for all testing, and a three-stage procedure was adopted by averaging 20, 30, and 260 low-noise samples in total. The results were recorded after each stage of the testing in those cases in which, after the first 20 accepted responses, the “pass” criteria were met. Under these circumstances, 117 ears were included in the study from a total number of 334 screened ears. It was concluded that 20 averaged quiet responses are adequate for screened newborn babies to pass the test if the conditions of the “pass” criteria are fulfilled at this stage. In the rest of the newborn babies, testing should be continued using a larger number of clicks. For diagnostic and clinical purposes, the full 260 quiet samples must be used since the results indicated statistically better scores in response and reproducibility measures after the 260 averaged responses. Sumario Este estudio examina el efecto del número promediado de respuestas aceptadas en las emisiones otoacústicas evocadas por transitorios en los progra-mas de tamizaje auditivo infantil. Se utilizó el pro-grama rápido de tamizaje del IL088 de Otodynamics; se realizó el estudio con un total de 20, 30 y 260 promediaciones con bajo ruido. Se grabaron los resultados después de cada etapa de la prueba, en aquellos casos en los que después de los primeras 20 respuestas aceptadas se obtuvo el criterio “pasa”. En estas condiciones se incluyeron 117 oídos de un total de 334 analizados. Se concluyó que 20 respuestas silenciosas son suficientes cuando se alcanza el criterio “pasa” en esa etapa. En el resto de los neonatos, se debe continuar con un mayor número de clicks. Para propósitos clínicos y de diagnóstico, se deben reunir las 260 respuestas; con esta cifra la reproductibilidad y la respuesta en sí es mucho mejor.","PeriodicalId":30299,"journal":{"name":"Audiology","volume":"39 1","pages":"293 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00206090009098009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69473816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes Toward Hearing-Impaired Children in Less Developed Countries: A Pilot Study: Actitudes hacia los niños con trastornos auditivos en los paises en desarrollo: Un estudio piloto","authors":"Dafydd Stephens, R. Stephens, Amelie von Eisenhart-Rothe","doi":"10.3109/00206090009073076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00206090009073076","url":null,"abstract":"Various anecdotal reports have been presented about attitudes to hearing loss and deafness in less developed countries but few studies have addressed this matter systematically. In the present study, we have applied a standardised questionnaire to 357 teachers from as uniform a sample as possible within 20 countries in Africa, Latin America, and Asia and compared the results with those obtained from 107 teachers in Western Europe. The questions tapped into their responses toward developing hearing loss themselves, hearing loss in children they encountered, and which group of children with disabilities they would prefer to teach. The geographical origins of the teachers influenced all measures except their view of the contribution that deaf children could make to society. This was influenced solely by the age of the responding teacher. Sumario Existen varios reportes anecdóticos sobre las actitudes hacia los trastornos auditivos y la sordera en paises en desarrollo, pero pocos han tratado el tema en forma systemática. En el presente estudio hemos aplicado un cuestionario normado a 357 maestros, de una muestra tan uniforme como ha sido posible, en 20 paises de Africa, América Latina y Asia, y hemos comparado los resultados con los obtenidos de 107 maestros en Europa Occidental. Las preguntas inda-garon sobre sus reacciones hacia la posibilidad de que ellos mismos desarrollaran una pédida auditiva, sus reacciones hacia niños con trastornos auditivos que pudieran conocer y sobre qué grupo de niños discapacitados preferirían enseñar. El origen geográfico de los profesores influyó todas las mediciones, excepto en su percepcion de la contribución que los niños sordos podrian hacer a la sociedad. Este ele-mento fue influído solamente por la edad del maestro interrogado.","PeriodicalId":30299,"journal":{"name":"Audiology","volume":"39 1","pages":"184 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00206090009073076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69472481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions in a Representative Population Sample Aged 18 to 25 Years: Emisiones otoacüAsticas evocadas por transitorios en una muestra representativa de población con edades entre 18 y 25 años","authors":"Melanie A. Ferguson, P. Smith, A. C. Davis, Mark E. Lutman","doi":"10.3109/00206090009073065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00206090009073065","url":null,"abstract":"Transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) were obtained from 688 ears of a group of 345 young adults aged 18 to 25 years, using the Otodynamics ILO88 in the standard, non-linear mode. Normative data for TEOAEs obtained from 186 otologically normal (ON) ears are presented. In 5 ON ears, there was no recordable response, despite hearing threshold levels better than 20 dB. The main factors affecting the TEOAE level were (1) gender, where females had larger responses on average than males; (2) tym-panometric measures, where ears with entirely normal tympanometric measures had larger responses than those with minor tympanometric abnormalities; (3) click stimulus intensity measured in the ear canal, which correlated positively with TEOAE level; and (4) hearing threshold level at 0.5 kHz, which correlated negatively with amplitude. There was also a small effect of social noise exposure in the 2-kHz region of the TEOAE, where the response was lower in those subjects exposed to significant social noise.","PeriodicalId":30299,"journal":{"name":"Audiology","volume":"39 1","pages":"125 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00206090009073065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69472551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intervention Planning for Children with Communication Disorders","authors":"R. Hugo","doi":"10.3109/00206090009073063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00206090009073063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30299,"journal":{"name":"Audiology","volume":"39 1","pages":"117 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00206090009073063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69472541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Audiological Performance with Cochlear Reimplantation from Analogue Single-Channel Implants to Digital Multi-channel Devices: Rendimiento audiológico con reimplantación coclear: de los implantes analógicos de un canal a los digitales multi-canal","authors":"J. Hamzavi, W. Baumgartner, O. Adunka, P. Franz, W. Gstoettner","doi":"10.3109/00206090009098011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00206090009098011","url":null,"abstract":"Cochlear implantation has been performed for almost two decades at the Vienna University Hospital. Until 1994, single-channel implants were used (Ball-Electrode, SC6/2SC6, Vienna/Epoxy, Med-El, Innsbruck, Austria). The development of multi-channel devices (Combi 40/40+), which provide significantly improved speech recognition performance, led to the reimplantation of some patients who had previously received single-channel implants. It was of particular interest to find out if there was a deterioration of the central “learning process” by the reimplantation from the analogue single-channel device to the tonotopic pulsatile multi-channel stimulation. In this study, we attempted to demonstrate that single-channel implants have an impact on the neural organisation of the auditory system. Two groups of post-lingually deaf adult patients were tested. Group A had previously received single-channel implants and were reimplanted with the new Combi 40/40+ cochlear implant (Med-El, Innsbruck, Austria) in the same ear. Group B was implanted only with the Combi 40/40+. Six different speech recognition tests were subsequently performed on all patients, and the two groups performed similarly. Furthermore, it was discovered that group A obtained significant speech recognition improvement (p<0.05) with monosyllabic words and number tests 1 month following reimplantation. Sumario En el Hospital Universitario de Viena, desde hace casi dos décadas se han realizado implantes cocleares. Hasta 1994 se utilizaron implantes de un canal (Ball-Ekectrode, SC6/2SC6, Viena/Epoxy, Med-El, Innsbruck, Austria).El desarrollo de implantes de múltiples canales (Combi 40/40+), que permiten una discriminación del habla significativa-mente mejor, llevó a la reimplantación de algunos pacientes que habían recibido previamente implantes monocanal. Fue particularmente interesante saber si existía deterioro del “proceso central de aprendizaje” con el cambio de un implante analógico de un canal a la estimulación tonotópica pulsátil multicanal. En este estudio tratamos de demostrar que los implantes de un canal tienen impacto en la organización neural del sistema auditivo. Se incluyeron dos grupos de adultos ensordecidos. Los pacientes del grupo A habían recibido previamente un implante monocanal y se les reimplantó en el mismo oído el nuevo Combi40/40+ (Med-El, Innsbruck, Austria). Los del grupo B se implantaron por primera vez con el Combi 40/40+. A todos los paciente se les aplicaron seis pruebas diferentes de reconocimiento del lenguaje. Los dos grupos tuvieron un rendimiento similar; inclusive se demostró que el grupo A obtuvo un resultado significativamente mejor (p<0.05) en el reconocimiento de monosílabos y números un mes después de la reimplantación.","PeriodicalId":30299,"journal":{"name":"Audiology","volume":"39 1","pages":"305 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00206090009098011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69473483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auditory Disablements: An Update: Discapacidad auditiva: Una actualization","authors":"D. Stephens, P. Kerr","doi":"10.3109/00206090009098013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00206090009098013","url":null,"abstract":"In 1999, the World Health Organization issued a document (Beta-2 ICIDH-2) that outlines proposed revisions to the original International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps. The document, issued for trial purposes, is significant in that it redefines the theoretical context in which audiological research into hearing disability has operated since 1980 and will develop in the future. The purpose of this article is threefold. First, it provides an introductory descriptive overview of the primary disablement dimensions outlined in the Beta-2 version of the ICIDH-2 framework. Second, in discussing the implications of the revised framework for audiology, the article highlights particular classification issues that require clarification if the framework is to be applied effectively in audiological research and practice. Third, the article evaluates the revised framework in the context of recent conceptual developments in audiological research and raises a number of issues for further discussion and investigation. The article concludes that the Beta-2 ICIDH-2 represents a significant advance on the original ICIDH classification framework on three counts. First, much of the rationale underpinning the revised framework, particularly its redefinition of the primary disablement dimensions, is consistent with recent conceptual developments in audiological research into hearing disablements. Second, the framework offers specific pointers for the development of current audiological research and practice. One potential line of enquiry focuses attention on specific ICIDH-2 dimensions that are currently under-represented in audiological literature, namely, the participation and contextual factors dimensions. Another potential line of enquiry focuses attention on issues pertaining to the measurement of function, specifically the inclusion of “positive” outcome indicators in assessment. Finally, the publication of the revised ICIDH-2 framework offers a standard frame of reference from which to conduct larger debates in the audiological literature about the nature and purpose of audiological rehabilitation and the influence of the ecological perspective on the rehabilitative process. Sumario En 1999 se emitió la Clasificación Internacional de Funcionamiento y Discapacidad (Beta. 2 ICIDH-2) para propósitos de evaluaciones de campo. Este doc-umento refina la versión anterior de la Clasificación Internacional de las Incapacidades, Actividades y Participación (ICIDH-2) publicada por la Organizatión Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en 1997. Estos dos documentos son importantes puesto que re-definen el marco ICIDH original de la OMS (1980) que influyó la investigación audiológica hasta que se initió el proceso actual de revisión. Este artículo tiene tres objetivos. El primero es aportar una revisión descriptiva introductoria de las dimensiones primarias de incapacidad delineadas en la versión Beta-2 del marco ICIDH-2. Segundo, al discutir las implicaciones","PeriodicalId":30299,"journal":{"name":"Audiology","volume":"39 1","pages":"322 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00206090009098013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69473614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of the Perceived Benefits and Shortcomings of a Specialist Tinnitus Clinic: Cuestionario sobre las ventajasy desventajas de una clinica especializada en tinnitus","authors":"L. Sanchez, Dafydd Stephens","doi":"10.3109/00206090009098014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00206090009098014","url":null,"abstract":"Questions about the clinical effectiveness of tinnitus services are of considerable interest to health professionals and health care providers alike in view of the chronic nature of tinnitus, the diversity of tinnitus-related problems, and the range of costs of different approaches to the clinical management of tinnitus. This study sought to identify the views of patients with tinnitus, who attended a specialist tinnitus clinic in Wales, about their satisfaction with that service. One hundred and forty-eight patients returned an open-ended mail-out questionnaire that asked them to list the perceived benefits and shortcomings of attendance at the specialist clinic. The respondents were classified as current or very recent attenders (43 per cent) and those who had first attended between 18 to 60 months earlier (57 per cent). Respondents cited an average of 2.8 benefits compared to only 0.8 perceived shortcomings per respondent. Major areas of perceived benefit included technical assistance, in the form of hearing aid or tinnitus masker fitting, and the general therapeutic nature of the consultation(s) with clinic staff. Statistically significant differences were found in some volunteered benefits in relation to gender and patient status as a current or previous attender. More than one-quarter of the respondents (28.4 per cent) stated that there were no shortcomings to their clinic attendance. The main volunteered shortcoming was lack of treatment effectiveness. The study showed that tinnitus clinic attendance resulted in many of the patients' individually expressed complaints being addressed effectively. Further, the study' findings confirmed the effectiveness of the provision of information and counselling as a fundamental form of tinnitus management for a substantial proportion of patients with tinnitus. Sumario Por la naturaleza crónica del acúfeno, la diversidad de problemas relacionados y el amplio rango de cos-tos de los diferentes enfoques terapéuticos para este síntoma, es de gran interés para los profesionales y proveedores de servicios de salud, conocer la efectividad de las clínicas especializadas en tratarlo. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el punto de vista de los pacientes con tinnitus que asistían a una clínica especializada en Gales. Ciento cuarenta y ocho pacientes devolvieron por correo un cuestionario abierto que les inquiría sobre las ventajas y desventajas de su asistencia a esa clínica. Los inter-rogados fueron divididos en usuarios actuales o muy recientes (43%) y aquellos que habían utilizado los servicio entre 18 y 60 meses antes (57%). Los inter-rogados citaron en promedio 2,8 ventajas en contraste con solamente 0.8 desventajas por caso. Las áreas en donde se percibían las mayores ventajas fueron asistencia técnica en cuanto a la adaptación de auxiliares auditivos o de enmascaradores de acúfeno y en la naturaleza terapéutica general de las consultas. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente sig-nificativas e","PeriodicalId":30299,"journal":{"name":"Audiology","volume":"39 1","pages":"333 - 338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00206090009098014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69473912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facilitating Hearing and Listening in Young Children","authors":"M. Chasin","doi":"10.3109/00206090009073084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00206090009073084","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30299,"journal":{"name":"Audiology","volume":"39 1","pages":"232 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00206090009073084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69472960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}