Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar最新文献

{"title":"Imagery: A Review","authors":"Günes Öztürk","doi":"10.18863/pgy.1150955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1150955","url":null,"abstract":"Modern neuroscience has shown that relaxing images cause the brain to release high levels of serotonin, dopamine, and oxytocin, which reduce anxiety, block cortisol, and increase neuroplasticity. Modern medicine positions human beings as passive, helpless, in need of external aid and in need of repair. However, man should be seen as a being with physical and spiritual power that can repair himself far beyond this passive role. The common point of all the studies examined in this study is that imagery, which is an internal skill, can be used as a low-cost and effective mental therapy tool. Some studies have described imagery as a more effective method than pharmacological interventions. It is seen that the application of imagery is widely used in many diseases such as psychotic disorders, cancer, asthma, migraine, hypertension, immune system diseases, mental disorders such as anxiety and depression. It is seen that the imagery technique, which is thought to work as a defense mechanism and drive satisfaction according to psychoanalytic perspective, is widely used in fields such as mindfulness-focused therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and dialectic therapy. This review, first of all, mentions the use of imagery and imagery in history, and then describes current research on imagery applications on different diseases. In addition, it was written to emphasize the lack of research on the mechanisms by which this personal and internal power, which is thought to affect the efficiency of the treatment, regardless of which physical or psychological help is sought, and to encourage new research.","PeriodicalId":30098,"journal":{"name":"Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90421445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evlilik Çatışma Alanları İndeksi ve Çatışma Çözme Stilleri Envanteri’nin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışmaları","authors":"Nurten Karacan Özdemir, Cemre ERTEN TATLI, Yaşar Özbay, Ufuk Akbaş, Zeynep HATİPOĞLU SÜMER, N. B. AKÇABOZAN KAYABOL, Pınar Çağ, Gökçen Aydın, Esra EKER DURMUŞ","doi":"10.18863/pgy.1219673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1219673","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to develop the Conflict Areas Index (CAI) to identify possible conflict areas that couples experience in their marriages and to develop the Conflict Styles Inventory (CSI) to assess how they deal with these conflicts. Exploratory (N=374) and confirmatory (N=152) factor analysis and test-retest (N=49) examinations were conducted with a sample of 575 married individuals in total. For the first scale, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to examine the construct validity of the CAI. According to the results, a single component giving frequency values for 15 different conflict areas was identified. In the criterion-related validity studies, the scale had a significant, negative, and strong correlation with the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) (r=-.72) and the level of satisfaction with the relationship (r=-.67). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found as .91. For the second scale, the construct validity of the CSI was examined using Exploratory Factor Analysis. The results revealed a three-dimensional structure named destructive, passive, and active conflict resolution styles. In the criterion-related validity studies, it was found significant and positive correlations between destructive (r=.14) and passive (r=.18) conflict resolution styles with CAI scores and a significant and negative correlation between active resolution style with CAI scores. In addition, there were significant and negative correlations between destructive (r=-.15) and passive (r=-.12) conflict resolution styles with the RAS scores and a significant and positive correlation between active conflict resolution style with the RAS scores. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were .88, .87, and .87 for destructive, passive, and active conflict resolution styles, respectively. The correlation values between the scores of the CSI within a 14-day time interval were ⍴=.94, ⍴=.91, and ⍴=.83 for destructive, passive, and active conflict resolution styles, respectively. These results indicated that CAI and CSI have sufficient psychometric properties that can be used to assess conflict areas and conflict resolution styles of married individuals.","PeriodicalId":30098,"journal":{"name":"Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar","volume":"165 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84981564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy in the Treatment of Avoidant Personality Disorder","authors":"Esra Amet, Tuğba HÜSEYİN MUHTAR, Fatma Nur Özçeli̇k","doi":"10.18863/pgy.1117523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1117523","url":null,"abstract":"The primary aim of this study is to compile studies on cognitive behavioral therapy method in the treatment of avoidant personality disorder and present their data. Another aim is to discuss with the reasons, cognitive behavior group therapies may be more effective on this disorder than cognitive behavioral individual therapies, since the main problem in avoidant personality disorder stems from interpersonal communication and because the cognitive behavioral therapies applied as a group were found to be quite effective when the avoidant personality disorder was first defined. The aim of this study is to present recommendations together and to compile studies in which cognitive behavioral group therapies were applied on avoidant personality disorder. In this study, studies in domestic and foreign sources, which were conducted with a sample group with avoidant personality disorder and social anxiety disorder, were examined and the study was prepared by reviewing the literature, which is one of the secondary data collection techniques. Since there are not many studies on avoidant personality disorder in the literature, considering the high similarity and comorbidity of avoidant personality disorder with social anxiety disorder, studies on cognitive behavioral group therapies related to social anxiety disorder have also been compiled. As a result of the studies examined, it has been found that the symptoms of avoidant personality disorder are related to the distorted cognition of individuals and cognitive behavioral therapies are a very effective approach because they increase the awareness of the automatic thoughts in the minds of the clients, question their correctness and provide alternative thoughts to replace them.","PeriodicalId":30098,"journal":{"name":"Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86217317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification with Game Characters: Theoretical Explanations, Predictors, and Psychological Outcomes","authors":"Özlem Iskender","doi":"10.18863/pgy.1104693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1104693","url":null,"abstract":"This review investigates theoretical explanations, predictors, and psychological outcomes of identification with game characters. Theoretical explanations depended on Cohen’s conceptualization of identification with media characters, wishful identification, similarity identification, embodied presence concepts, self-perception, self-discrepancy, and social identity theories. Predictors included customizability, how the character is perceived (ideal, attractive, similar, real), narrative, immersion, presence, age, time spent playing/playing history, player’s psychological characteristics, and perceived performance. Psychological outcomes included enjoyment, flow experience, addiction, problematic gaming, playing motivations, self-efficacy, competence, short-term outcomes (change in aggression, empathy), intention to continue playing, game-related spending, social identification, and in-group bias. The self-discrepancy perspective provides the most prevalent explanation, which proposes that game characters are closer to players’ ideal selves, and identification with the game character reduces their self-discrepancies. However, the social identity perspective offers more overarching explanations discussing identification with game-related groups (groups created within the game and game community) and the game character together, thus pointing to a bigger picture where players develop social identities through interaction with game-related groups. Therefore, unlike other explanations discussing game character identification as a temporary experience, the social identity perspective indicates it may be a lasting experience. Regarding predictors, only two were game-related (customizability, narrative), while most were player-related (e.g., age, time spent playing, player’s psychological characteristics), which might show that player characteristics deserve more attention than the game itself to understand the identification process. Concerning psychological outcomes, while two were positive (enjoyment, flow experience) and two were negative (addiction, problematic gaming), most had various aftermaths, such as a short-term outcome of an increase in aggression or empathy.","PeriodicalId":30098,"journal":{"name":"Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85527718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğunda Aleksitiminin Başa Çıkma Tutumları İle İlişkisi","authors":"Hayriye Baykan, Merve ŞAHİN CAN","doi":"10.18863/pgy.1231762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1231762","url":null,"abstract":"Among anxiety disorders, the incidence of alexithymic features is found in a wide range of 12.5-58%, and it is a personality trait that can also be seen in healthy individuals. Our study investigated the relationship between alexithymic features and coping attitudes in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Forty patients diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder and 39 healthy volunteers participated in the study. Participants were divided into groups using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Coping Attitudes Scale were applied to all participants. Nineteen patients with alexithymia and Generalized anxiety disorder, 21 patients with Generalized anxiety disorder without alexithymia, and 39 healthy volunteers participated in this study. Statistically significant differences were observed between the problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping subscale scores, but there was no difference in dysfunctional coping styles between the three groups. In the correlation analysis performed to determine the relationship between the total alexithymia and Coping attitudes subscale scores, there was a moderate negative correlation between the alexithymia scores and problem-focused (r=-0.442) and emotion-focused coping (r=-0.425) subscale scores. Alexithymia is often accompanied by generalized anxiety disorder and negatively affects coping attitudes.","PeriodicalId":30098,"journal":{"name":"Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84178946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Ethics and Mental Health during COVID-19","authors":"Serhat Düzenci̇, Bahanur Malak","doi":"10.18863/pgy.1076940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1076940","url":null,"abstract":"As the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, population density, ecological changes, etc. natural phenomena are shown. The physical, chemical, biological, socioeconomic, cultural and psychological effects of COVID-19 have been felt all over the world. COVID-19 negatively affects the environment with an unbalanced increase in medical waste and disposable products, while quarantine and pandemic measures have given an opportunity for nature to renew itself. The causes and consequences of COVID-19 have brought the concepts of environmental health and therefore environmental ethics to the agenda of healthcare professionals. As the environmental ethics attitudes and behaviors of health professionals develop, health professionals will be able to take initiatives to create these attitudes and behaviors in society. Environmental ethics has been evaluated in the context of public health, mostly in the physical health. However, environmental ethics is also very important in terms of community mental health. Living in an unhealthy environment threatens mental health. Because people want to live in a safe environment, every factor that threatens this trust poses a risk for mental health. There is actually literally no way to talk about happiness in an environment where there is no environmental order and nature is deteriorated and polluted. Therefore, we aimed to explain the concepts of environmental health, environmental ethics and mental health during the COVID-19 process. Thus, an important strategy development in the pandemic process can be achieved by enabling the assessment and management of the causes of the COVID-19 pandemic from a broader perspective.","PeriodicalId":30098,"journal":{"name":"Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76725724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remembering in the Digital World: Autobiographical Memory in Social Media","authors":"Aylin Ozdes, Ferhat Karaman","doi":"10.18863/pgy.1122227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1122227","url":null,"abstract":"The use of social media continues to increase in modern cultures in recent years. This new context leads to creating a virtual self, which somewhat differs from the real self. Further, social relations are set and maintained predominantly in this new context. There is no doubt that social media does not only affect individuals' social relations but also their cognitive skills by pulling them into new situations that they are unfamiliar with. In this new context, content coded in social media can be remembered in real life, and content coded in real life can be remembered in social media. This new context, where mostly real-life stories are shared, is likely to strongly affect the autobiographical memory processes of individuals. Past research suggests that social media affects autobiographical memory processes both directly (phenomenological characteristics, functions) and indirectly through cognitive processes (eg, attention, working memory, transitive memory). Studies about its indirect effects indicate that people with limited attention and working memory capacity have difficulty processing the high number of stimuli offered by social media. Given that the long-term memory capacity is not limited, it is plausible to expect that some of the contents are encoded into the memory; however, problems may occur in the storage and retrieval processes. Studies about the direct effect of social media show that the phenomenological characteristics (number of details, accuracy, emotional content) and functions (self, social, directing, therapeutic) of events experienced or shared on social media differ from real-life events. This theoretical review discusses the effects of social media use on cognitive processes related to memory processes and more specifically on the phenomenological and functional characteristics of autobiographical memory. To recognize and prevent potential psychological issues that may emerge in relation to this new setting, it appears essential to comprehend how social media affects autobiographical memory, which is essential for self-perception.","PeriodicalId":30098,"journal":{"name":"Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79871062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Parental Representations and Related Parenting Behavior On Children","authors":"Cansu Öztürk, H. Güzel","doi":"10.18863/pgy.1137385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1137385","url":null,"abstract":"Parental representations tend to be formed in the prenatal period and affect the child- parent relationship in the long term. Therefore, in the clinical environment, it is important to define parents’ representations to increase the success of therapeutic interventions and prevent childhood psychopathologies with various intervention programs. With this concern, the aim of this review was to summarize the literature about parental representations and their relationship between parenting behavior, and childhood developmental problems. Related to this purpose, this review includes the definition and categories of parental representations, the factors which contribute to parental representations, and the relations between parenting and childhood developmental problems.","PeriodicalId":30098,"journal":{"name":"Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83831324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transaksiyonel Stres ve Başetme Modeline Göre Kronik Ağrı Yaşantısı: Farklı Ağrı Ölçümleri ve Sağlık Sonuçları Arasındaki İlişkiler","authors":"Ayla HOCAOĞLU UZUNKAYA, H. S. SERTEL BERK","doi":"10.18863/pgy.1239250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1239250","url":null,"abstract":"According to Lazarus and Folkman's Transactional Stress and Coping Model, chronic pain is defined as a source of stress. The model emphasizes the interaction between the person and the environment and focuses on primary (pain severity and/or frequency) and secondary appraisals (pain and/or discomfort from pain) when examining the effects of a stressor on a person's life. In this study, chronic pain was defined as a type of stress and pain stress was measured in three different ways: unidimensional pain stress (primary appraisal only), multidimensional pain stress (sum of both primary and secondary appraisals), and transactional pain stress (product of both primary and secondary appraisals). The aim of the study was to examine the relationships between the three different pain stress measures and the outcome variables of pain-related disability, negative mood and daily activity level. The study was conducted with 167 individuals with different types of chronic pain. Sociodemographic Characteristics and Pain Information Form, Visual Analog Scale, West Haven Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory and Life Changes Questionnaire were used as data collection tools. The results of the study showed that there were significant relationships between unidimensional pain stress and disability and negative mood (r(1,167) = 0.33; 0.36, respectively); multidimensional pain stress and disability and negative mood (r(1,167) = 0.51; 0.38, respectively); transactional pain stress and disability, negative mood (r(1,167) = 0.43; 0.37, respectively) and daily activity (r(1,167) = -0.24). The results indicate the significance of new measures in the assessment of pain experience.","PeriodicalId":30098,"journal":{"name":"Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89489112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Causes of Negative Attitudes towards Women Incompatible with Gender Stereotypes within the Context of Social Identity Theory","authors":"Ezgi Kasdarma","doi":"10.18863/pgy.1146546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1146546","url":null,"abstract":"The primary gender stereotypes accepted in mainstream social psychology describe women as low in competence and high in warmth, men as having low warmth and high competence. Women who are incompatible with stereotypes are exposed to negative attitudes. Exposure to negative attitudes damages the psychological well-being of these group members. Stereotypes and negative attitudes towards members of social groups contribute to the persistence of their low status. Explaining the causes of gender stereotypes and negative attitudes towards women incompatible with stereotypes is an overlooked topic in mainstream social psychology. In order to change the ongoing gender system, where women have a disadvantageous status compared to men, it is necessary to understand the reasons for negative attitudes towards women who are incompatible with stereotypes. Based on the suggestions and findings of Social Identity Theory, explanations about negative attitudes towards women who are incompatible with gender stereotypes are presented in this study. It is concluded that most men reveal negative attitudes towards these women because women with high competency threaten men who can affirm their social identity through competency. Most men define their social identity through status-related traits such as competency. Due to the threat to men's social identity by women with high competence, it is concluded that negative attitudes towards these women are revealed by most of the men, based on theoretical suggestions. It is necessary to understand the identity management strategies to explain women's negative attitudes towards their fellows who are incompatible with stereotypes. According to the theoretical suggestions and related studies, it is concluded that the adoption of individual mobility and social creativity strategies reveal negative attitudes toward fellows who are incompatible with stereotypes. Although it is expected that women who adopt the social competition strategy have positive attitudes towards their fellows who are inconsistent with gender stereotypes, the level of adoption of this strategy is low. When theoretical suggestions and study findings are brought together, it is possible to understand the reasons for the negative attitudes towards women who are incompatible with gender stereotypes.","PeriodicalId":30098,"journal":{"name":"Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77937589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}