Susan A Chapman, Lillie Greiman, Timothy Bates, Laura M Wagner, Ari Lissau, Kirsi Toivanen-Atilla, Rayna Sage
{"title":"Personal Care Aides: Assessing Self-Care Needs And Worker Shortages In Rural Areas.","authors":"Susan A Chapman, Lillie Greiman, Timothy Bates, Laura M Wagner, Ari Lissau, Kirsi Toivanen-Atilla, Rayna Sage","doi":"10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research has documented shortages of personal care aides who provide Medicaid home and community-based services, but there are few detailed geographic data to determine the areas of greatest need and assess the availability of personal care aides nationwide. Using 2013-17 data from the American Community Survey and the Office of Management and Budget, we analyzed potential need for personal care aide services among adults and the supply of aides across the US. Areas with the highest percentages of adults with self-care disability were mainly in the South, and the gap between the potential need for personal care aide services and the aide supply was greatest in southern states. Within states, there were fewer personal care aides per 1,000 adults with self-care disability in the more rural and most rural areas than in the least rural areas. Wage and benefit increases, improved training and career opportunities, increased flexibility in state Medicaid policies on paid family caregiving, incentives and compensation for travel, and increased data collection and government tracking of workforce data could help boost the supply of personal care aides in rural America.</p>","PeriodicalId":300542,"journal":{"name":"Health affairs (Project Hope)","volume":" ","pages":"1403-1412"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40393929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Global Disability Justice In Climate Disasters: Mobilizing People With Disabilities As Change Agents.","authors":"Alina Engelman, Leyla Craig, Alastair Iles","doi":"10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disabled people are highly susceptible to climate change impacts and disasters, yet they often remain sidelined or largely invisible. Policy makers, humanitarian agencies, and governments need to address the climate-related vulnerabilities that disabled people encounter during acute events and in the course of more creeping forms of climate change. As deaf researchers, we call for integrating disability justice into climate and disaster preparedness policies and practices worldwide. A disability justice approach can embrace the strengths that disabled people bring to disaster planning and climate mitigation and advocacy efforts. In this article we present case studies from different global regions to illustrate how disability is overlooked in responding to climate-related health impacts and disaster planning. We also draw particular attention to mutual aid networks led by disabled people in adapting to climate-related health impacts. We then suggest questions to help policy makers and practitioners integrate disability justice into their work. Above all, disabled people, organizations, and service providers should take ownership over the process of developing policies and actions to better prevent, prepare for, and respond to climate disasters.</p>","PeriodicalId":300542,"journal":{"name":"Health affairs (Project Hope)","volume":" ","pages":"1496-1504"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40394782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tyler G James, Michael S Argenyi, Donna L Guardino, Michael M McKee, Jaime A B Wilson, Meagan K Sullivan, Eiryn Griest Schwartzman, Melissa L Anderson
{"title":"Communication Access In Mental Health And Substance Use Treatment Facilities For Deaf American Sign Language Users.","authors":"Tyler G James, Michael S Argenyi, Donna L Guardino, Michael M McKee, Jaime A B Wilson, Meagan K Sullivan, Eiryn Griest Schwartzman, Melissa L Anderson","doi":"10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) American Sign Language users experience significant mental health-related disparities compared with non-DHH English speakers. Yet there is little empirical evidence documenting this priority population's communication access in mental health and substance use treatment facilities. This study measured mental health and substance use treatment facilities' noncompliance to Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), which requires health care facilities receiving government funds to provide effective communication access, such as a sign language interpreter, to DHH patients. Using nationally representative data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, we found that 41 percent of mental health facilities and 59 percent of substance use treatment facilities receiving public funds reported not providing services in sign language in 2019 and were thus noncompliant with the ACA's mandate to provide accessible communication to DHH patients. We mapped these data to display state-level noncompliance, and we make detailed recommendations at the policy, facility, and provider levels. These include monitoring noncompliance among government-funded facilities, expanding state-by-state mental health licensure reciprocity and telehealth policies to improve access to American Sign Language-fluent mental health professionals and addiction counselors, establishing systematic processes to collect information on disability-related accommodation needs, and increasing the workforce of DHH American Sign Language-fluent providers.</p>","PeriodicalId":300542,"journal":{"name":"Health affairs (Project Hope)","volume":" ","pages":"1413-1422"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40393925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ari Ne'eman, Elizabeth Bell, Monica C Schneider, Dara Strolovitch
{"title":"Identifying And Exploring Bias In Public Opinion On Scarce Resource Allocation During The COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Ari Ne'eman, Elizabeth Bell, Monica C Schneider, Dara Strolovitch","doi":"10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic offers an opportunity to examine public opinion regarding the allocation of scarce medical resources. In this conjoint experiment on a nationally representative sample of US adults, we examined how a range of patient characteristics affect respondents' willingness to allocate a ventilator between two patients with equal likelihood of short-term survival and how this differs by respondents' attributes. Respondents were 5.5 percentage points less likely to allocate a ventilator to a patient with a disability than to a nondisabled patient. Disability bias was correlated with older age cohorts and higher education levels of respondents. Liberal and moderate respondents were more likely to give a ventilator to Black and Asian patients than to White patients. Conservatives were much less likely to allocate a ventilator to transgender patients than to cisgender patients. These findings demonstrate the importance of bias mitigation and civil rights enforcement in health policy making, especially under conditions of scarcity.</p>","PeriodicalId":300542,"journal":{"name":"Health affairs (Project Hope)","volume":" ","pages":"1513-1522"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40393927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Disability And Health.","authors":"Alan R Weil","doi":"10.1377/hlthaff.2022.01200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.01200","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":300542,"journal":{"name":"Health affairs (Project Hope)","volume":" ","pages":"1365"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40393928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Foundation For Health And Well-Being: Meaningful Employment.","authors":"Heather Tirado Gilligan","doi":"10.1377/hlthaff.2022.01069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.01069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Committed to empowering people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, Tennessee's Medicaid program creates access to integrated employment opportunities.</p>","PeriodicalId":300542,"journal":{"name":"Health affairs (Project Hope)","volume":" ","pages":"1366-1370"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40393931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lisa M Meeks, Sarah S Conrad, Zakia Nouri, Christopher J Moreland, Xiaochu Hu, Michael J Dill
{"title":"Patient And Coworker Mistreatment Of Physicians With Disabilities.","authors":"Lisa M Meeks, Sarah S Conrad, Zakia Nouri, Christopher J Moreland, Xiaochu Hu, Michael J Dill","doi":"10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physicians from underrepresented groups are at greater risk of experiencing mistreatment from coworkers and patients, including offensive remarks, physical harm, threats of physical harm, and unwanted sexual advances. These can have far-reaching negative consequences for the physicians' personal and professional lives. This study used data from a nationally representative sample of physicians to examine workplace mistreatment experienced by physicians with disabilities and determine whether physicians with disabilities are more likely to experience mistreatment in their workplace than physicians without disabilities. Compared with their nondisabled peers, physicians with disabilities had a significantly higher likelihood of experiencing every type of mistreatment from both patients and coworkers. Our findings suggest the need for disability-focused anti-mistreatment policies and practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":300542,"journal":{"name":"Health affairs (Project Hope)","volume":" ","pages":"1396-1402"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40394457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ellen T Rudy, Kelsey C McNamara, Andrew Parker, Ashwin A Kotwal, Carla M Perissinotto
{"title":"Loneliness Among Older Adults.","authors":"Ellen T Rudy, Kelsey C McNamara, Andrew Parker, Ashwin A Kotwal, Carla M Perissinotto","doi":"10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00512","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":300542,"journal":{"name":"Health affairs (Project Hope)","volume":" ","pages":"1530"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40394459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transgender Adults Have Higher Rates Of Disability Than Their Cisgender Counterparts.","authors":"Madeline Smith-Johnson","doi":"10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the US population, the burden of disability among transgender adults compared with their cisgender peers is largely unknown. This study used seven years of pooled cross-sectional data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to examine how disability varies by gender across age groups. I present a series of nested logistic regression models to show the adjusted probability of disability among adults. Transgender adults have a higher probability of reporting a disability compared with cisgender men and women. After confounders are controlled for, transgender adults have a 27 percent chance of having at least one disability at age twenty and a 39 percent chance at age fifty-five, which is nearly twice the rate of their cisgender counterparts at both ages. The findings show the importance of considering disability from a life-course perspective, the effect of intersectional identities on disability risk, and the urgency of targeted health interventions for transgender people in the US.</p>","PeriodicalId":300542,"journal":{"name":"Health affairs (Project Hope)","volume":" ","pages":"1470-1476"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40394460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Standing Up For My Sister.","authors":"Courtney H Van Houtven","doi":"10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Integrating family caregivers into the health care team is particularly important for patients with intellectual disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":300542,"journal":{"name":"Health affairs (Project Hope)","volume":" ","pages":"1523-1527"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40393930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}