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Mari morpheme order revisited Mari语素顺序重新审视
Nordlyd Tromso University Working Papers on Language Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.7557/12.6373
Luan Hammer, J. Bradley
{"title":"Mari morpheme order revisited","authors":"Luan Hammer, J. Bradley","doi":"10.7557/12.6373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/12.6373","url":null,"abstract":"Morpheme order in Mari declension has been extensively studied in the past but attempts to explain the large amounts of alternation found here have been constrained by the difficulty of accessing sufficient data to properly elucidate the complexities in this domain. The paper at hand examines the prospect of using the Corpus of Literary Mari, created by an international workgroup around Trond Trosterud and his colleagues and hosted by Giellatekno, and other recently published resources on Mari to efficiently access vast amounts of data to quantitatively study this subject in a manner that had not previously been possible.","PeriodicalId":29976,"journal":{"name":"Nordlyd Tromso University Working Papers on Language Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81691542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Flertalsformer af ari-ord i den færøske talesprogsbank
Nordlyd Tromso University Working Papers on Language Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.7557/12.6440
Jógvan í Lon Jacobsen
{"title":"Flertalsformer af ari-ord i den færøske talesprogsbank","authors":"Jógvan í Lon Jacobsen","doi":"10.7557/12.6440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/12.6440","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000The aim of this article is to investigate dialectal variation of plural endings of ari-words in Faroese, i.e., masculine words with ari-ending in singular. Such words for example lærari ‘teacher’ may get different plural endings in spoken Faroese: ar, ir, a, and R (lærarar, lærarir, lærara, læraR). In the written language there is only one correct plural form which is ar: lærarar. The empirical material in this article is picked up from a corpus of spoken language, Føroyskur talumálsbanki, which is a corpus management and analysis system for annotated corpora. The article is also a study of the usability of the corpus concerning dialectal variation in spoken Faroese. The result of the correlation shows that the non-standardized ir-variant is most frequent in the corpus. Here I investigate the variation by correlating them with two non-linguistic variables, place, and age.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":29976,"journal":{"name":"Nordlyd Tromso University Working Papers on Language Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78139555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Establishing a Role for Minority Source Language in Multilingual Facilitation 确立少数民族源语在多语促进中的作用
Nordlyd Tromso University Working Papers on Language Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.7557/12.6370
Jack Rueter, N. Partanen, Khalid Alnajjar, Mika Hämäläinen
{"title":"Establishing a Role for Minority Source Language in Multilingual Facilitation","authors":"Jack Rueter, N. Partanen, Khalid Alnajjar, Mika Hämäläinen","doi":"10.7557/12.6370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/12.6370","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000This document is dedicated to a young man, who, despite the number of times he has traveled around the Sun, is always open to new thoughts on ways to include languages, especially the smaller ones, and the people who speak them in far-reaching and sustainable open-source de- velopment. Since Trond Trosterud in Tromsø is attributed a terrific track record in transnational and circum-polar linguistics, we try to attract his attention further afield, to languages and phe- nomena he has only touched. The language phenomena addressed here come from Erzya and the Zyrian variety of Komi; Erzya has issues presented but not discussed in his dissertation, whereas Komi brings in issues of adnominal and predicate number marking in conjunction with case homonymy that have been resolved thanks to the flexibility of the infrastructure. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":29976,"journal":{"name":"Nordlyd Tromso University Working Papers on Language Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74172869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Čalbmi čalmmis ja suoldnečalmmit suoidnečalmmis
Nordlyd Tromso University Working Papers on Language Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.7557/12.6304
Jussi Ylikoski
{"title":"Čalbmi čalmmis ja suoldnečalmmit suoidnečalmmis","authors":"Jussi Ylikoski","doi":"10.7557/12.6304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/12.6304","url":null,"abstract":"North Saami čalbmi ‘eye’ (< Proto-Uralic *ćilmä) has cognates in all Uralic languages, and everywhere they refer to the visual organs of humans and animals. However, scholars have barely paid attention to the grammatical functions of čalbmi in compound-like formations such as suoldnečalbmi “dew eye”, suoidnečalbmi “grass eye”, varračalbmi “blood eye”, jiekŋačalbmi “ice eye”, vuoktačalbmi “hair eye” and muorječalbmi “berry eye”. This article examines such expressions as so-called singulatives – grammatical means for individuating a single referent from a group or mass (i.e., ‘a single drop of dew’, ‘a single blade of grass’, ‘a single drop of blood’, ‘a single crystal of ice’, ‘a single human hair’ and ‘a single berry’). The article mainly discusses morphological, syntactic and semantic features of singulatives in North Saami and other present-day Saami languages, but comparable singulatives in Khanty, Mansi and Samoyed languages as well as in Hungarian suggest that singulative expressions such as *weri-ćilmä ‘a single drop of blood’, *jäŋi-ćilmä ‘a single crystal of ice; hailstone’ and *me̮rja-ćilmä ‘a single berry’ can, in principle, be reconstructed all the way back to Proto-Uralic.","PeriodicalId":29976,"journal":{"name":"Nordlyd Tromso University Working Papers on Language Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86374829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How weak are Romanian clitic pronouns? 罗马尼亚人称代词有多弱?
Nordlyd Tromso University Working Papers on Language Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.7557/12.6341
C. Gerstenberger
{"title":"How weak are Romanian clitic pronouns?","authors":"C. Gerstenberger","doi":"10.7557/12.6341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/12.6341","url":null,"abstract":"In traditional linguistics, pronouns are divided into two classes: those that can bear word stress, coined strong, full or tonal, and those that can not, coined weak, clitic, or atonal. However, in the last decades, research on this topic showed that items generally labeled as clitics are by far more complex. Between words and affixes, these hybrid linguistic entities challenge both description and modeling. As for Romanian, the debate on weak (i.e., clitic) pronouns was dominated by the question about their categorial status: are these items clitics or affixes? In this article, we present and scrutinize different approaches that support the claim that there is a difference between proclitics and enclitics, i.e., between clitics occurring before vs. after the verb. Since Romanian features a full-fledged pronominal system with different deficiency degrees, we evaluate these claims against it. We show that all these approaches manifest basic deficiencies.","PeriodicalId":29976,"journal":{"name":"Nordlyd Tromso University Working Papers on Language Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90740690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anarâškielâ postpositioi pelni já piälán čäällim sierâ já oohtân tievâdâsâinis SIKOR-tekstâčuágálduvâst
Nordlyd Tromso University Working Papers on Language Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.7557/12.6384
Petter Morottaja, Marja-Liisa Olthuis, Fabrizio Brecciaroli
{"title":"Anarâškielâ postpositioi pelni já piälán čäällim sierâ já oohtân tievâdâsâinis SIKOR-tekstâčuágálduvâst","authors":"Petter Morottaja, Marja-Liisa Olthuis, Fabrizio Brecciaroli","doi":"10.7557/12.6384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/12.6384","url":null,"abstract":"Inari Saami does not have a strong written tradition. The current orthography was adopted as recently as the 1990s, and the revitalization process is beginning only now to shift its focus from increasing the number of speakers to strengthening the literacy of the language. This article studies the Inari Saami postpositions pelni and piälán as well as their shorter forms peln/beln and pel/bel. The main question is whether these postpositions are joined to the noun preceding them or stand after it as separate words. The research is based on the SIKOR Inari Saami free corpus developed by the Giellatekno team. The postpositions have been analyzed semantically taking into account the frequency with which they occur in the literature. They have been divided into four semantic groups: 1) place, 2) orientation and direction, 3) time and 4) other semantic categories. The long forms pelni and piälán are mostly written as separate words – except for when they are used to express orientation or direction – whereas the short forms peln/beln and pel/bel are usually joined to the preceding word other than in time expressions. Alternative explanations for such variation are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":29976,"journal":{"name":"Nordlyd Tromso University Working Papers on Language Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89710481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
All that glitters... 所有的闪光……
Nordlyd Tromso University Working Papers on Language Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.7557/12.6348
L. Borin
{"title":"All that glitters...","authors":"L. Borin","doi":"10.7557/12.6348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/12.6348","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation has emerged as a central concern in natural language processing (NLP) over the last few decades. Evaluation is done against a gold standard, a manually linguistically annotated dataset, which is assumed to provide the ground truth against which the accuracy of the NLP system can be assessed automatically. In this article, some methodological questions in connection with the creation of gold standard datasets are discussed, in particular (non-)expectations of linguistic expertise in annotators and the interannotator agreement measure standardly but unreflectedly used as a kind of quality index of NLP gold standards.","PeriodicalId":29976,"journal":{"name":"Nordlyd Tromso University Working Papers on Language Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73775325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Creating a corpus for Kven, a minority language in Norway 为挪威的少数民族语言Kven创建语料库
Nordlyd Tromso University Working Papers on Language Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.7557/12.6345
Pia Lane, Kristin Hagen, Anders Nøklestad, J. Priestley
{"title":"Creating a corpus for Kven, a minority language in Norway","authors":"Pia Lane, Kristin Hagen, Anders Nøklestad, J. Priestley","doi":"10.7557/12.6345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/12.6345","url":null,"abstract":"Language documentation, including the development and use of corpora, is frequently linked to revitalisation. This is also the case for the Kven language, a Finnic minoritised language, traditionally spoken in the two northernmost counties of Norway. Kven is a recognised minority language in Norway, protected by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. This status led to increased efforts to document Kven, including the development of the Ruija Corpus, consisting of recordings of interviews in Kven. The corpus was an important tool for the standardisation of Kven. In this article we describe how the corpus was developed and account for search functions, including a discussion of the limitations of the corpus. We also discuss the role of corpora and other online tools for language revitalisation, with a particular focus on the standardisation of Kven and conclude by reflecting on how expertise also resides with the speakers of an endangered language and that they have a right to be involved in efforts of language documentation and revitalisation.","PeriodicalId":29976,"journal":{"name":"Nordlyd Tromso University Working Papers on Language Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75798687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trond Trosterud ved 60
Nordlyd Tromso University Working Papers on Language Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.7557/12.6663
Lene Antonsen, Sjur Moshagen, Ø. Vangsnes
{"title":"Trond Trosterud ved 60","authors":"Lene Antonsen, Sjur Moshagen, Ø. Vangsnes","doi":"10.7557/12.6663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/12.6663","url":null,"abstract":"Denne utgåva av Nordlyd er eit festskrift til ære for vår kollega professor Trond Trosterud, i samband med at han fyller 60 år 30. august 2022. Utgåva inneheld 22 artiklar skrivne av i alt 43 forfattarar – for det meste folk som har samarbeidd med Trond i tidlegare år. Vi har òg skrive ei innleiing om Trond, og til sist i boka er det ei liste over Trond sine publikasjonar. Vi er umåteleg glade for å kunna heidra Trond med denne boka som inneheld mykje spennande om mange ulike tema frå forskjellige språk og som med det speglar dei vide og mangslungne interessene til jubilanten. Vi takkar alle som har skrive artiklane, og vi takkar alle fagfellane som har vurdert og kommentert artiklane.","PeriodicalId":29976,"journal":{"name":"Nordlyd Tromso University Working Papers on Language Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85638620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preconceptual Basis of Noun Class (Gender) 名词类(性别)的概念前基础
Nordlyd Tromso University Working Papers on Language Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.7557/12.6371
P. Bye
{"title":"Preconceptual Basis of Noun Class (Gender)","authors":"P. Bye","doi":"10.7557/12.6371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/12.6371","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Noun class is widely seen as “standing out” from other morphosyntactic categories in having a basis in ontological beliefs, or a ‘semantic core’. The consequence of this view is that noun classes in natural languages frequently do not cohere semantically. Here I motivate an aspectual alternative according to which noun class is grounded in low-level cognitive processes including the detection of agency and sex- related cues (including shape/size) and ‘mode’ of attention. This suggests a way of bringing noun class more into line with the perspectivizing contribution of morphosyntactic features in general. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":29976,"journal":{"name":"Nordlyd Tromso University Working Papers on Language Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86194146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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