Jussi Ylikoski
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引用次数: 0

摘要

北萨米语 albmi ' eye '(<原乌拉尔语*ćilmä)在所有乌拉尔语中都有同源词,到处都是指人类和动物的视觉器官。然而,学者们很少关注 albmi在suoldne albmi“露水眼”、suoidne albmi“草眼”、varra albmi“血眼”、jiekŋačalbmi“冰眼”、vuokta albmi“毛眼”和muorje albmi“浆果眼”等复合结构中的语法功能。这篇文章研究了所谓的单数表达——从一组或一团(即,“一滴露水”,“一片草叶”,“一滴血”,“一颗冰晶”,“一根头发”和“一颗浆果”)中区分单个指涉物的语法手段。本文主要讨论了北萨米语和其他现代萨米语中单数形式的形态、句法和语义特征,但汉特语、曼西语和萨摩耶德语以及匈牙利语中类似的单数形式表明,诸如*weri-ćilmä“一滴血”,*jäŋi-ćilmä“一颗冰晶”;“冰雹”和“*me rja-ćilm䔓一个浆果”原则上可以一直重建到原始乌拉尔。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Čalbmi čalmmis ja suoldnečalmmit suoidnečalmmis
North Saami čalbmi ‘eye’ (< Proto-Uralic *ćilmä) has cognates in all Uralic languages, and everywhere they refer to the visual organs of humans and animals. However, scholars have barely paid attention to the grammatical functions of čalbmi in compound-like formations such as suoldnečalbmi “dew eye”, suoidnečalbmi “grass eye”, varračalbmi “blood eye”, jiekŋačalbmi “ice eye”, vuoktačalbmi “hair eye” and muorječalbmi “berry eye”. This article examines such expressions as so-called singulatives – grammatical means for individuating a single referent from a group or mass (i.e., ‘a single drop of dew’, ‘a single blade of grass’, ‘a single drop of blood’, ‘a single crystal of ice’, ‘a single human hair’ and ‘a single berry’). The article mainly discusses morphological, syntactic and semantic features of singulatives in North Saami and other present-day Saami languages, but comparable singulatives in Khanty, Mansi and Samoyed languages as well as in Hungarian suggest that singulative expressions such as *weri-ćilmä ‘a single drop of blood’, *jäŋi-ćilmä ‘a single crystal of ice; hailstone’ and *me̮rja-ćilmä ‘a single berry’ can, in principle, be reconstructed all the way back to Proto-Uralic.
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