Translational Issues in Psychological Science最新文献

{"title":"Does outcome bias trump political tribalism?","authors":"Ivo Gyurovski, E. Lester","doi":"10.1037/tps0000333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000333","url":null,"abstract":"Outcome bias occurs when people evaluate decision quality based on the outcome rather than the intentions of the decision maker. We replicate these findings and extend them to the realms of policy and politics. Approximately equal numbers of Republicans and Democrats judged policy decisions aimed at ameliorating the deleterious effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. We manipulated the affiliation of the decider (Republican vs. Democrat) and the aim of the policy (benefits health vs. benefits the economy;benefits health but hurts the economy vs. benefits the economy but hurts health). The results revealed that policy decisions aimed at addressing health problems or aimed at repairing the economy without negative externalities in other spheres of life were evaluated solely as a function of outcome in which successful outcomes generated significantly greater quality ratings than failures. However, judgments of policy decisions aimed at helping one sphere of life but hurting another (i.e., business closures) were qualified by significant interactions with the political party affiliation of the decision maker and that of the participant. Republicans' responses show evidence for outcome bias while favoring Republican deciders. In contrast, Democrats exhibited a greater degree of outcome bias while favoring decisions that prioritized health over the economy relative to decisions that prioritized the economy over health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement What is the significance of this article for the general public?-Even though the COVID-19 pandemic is a health problem, a large proportion of people treated it as a political issue for which voters' political affiliation determined their response to the pandemic. Dealing effectively with the pandemic requires a unified response in a situation where health and the economy are frequently at loggerheads. Here we examined how voters think about policy decisions that aimed to address either public health or economic concerns stemming from the pandemic. In half of the cases, policies aimed at addressing one issue were detrimental to another. In general, people judge policy decisions as a function of their outcomes;however, they are more likely to be influenced by their political considerations when policies addressing one issue end up being detrimental to another. Specifically, Republicans' responses show evidence for outcome bias while favoring Republican deciders. In contrast, Democrats exhibited a greater degree of outcome bias while favoring decisions that prioritized health over the economy relative to decisions that prioritized the economy over health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)","PeriodicalId":29959,"journal":{"name":"Translational Issues in Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48051451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons for the future: Supporting the social-emotional needs of children, families, and educators in Head Start during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"H. C. Silver, Katherine M. Zinsser","doi":"10.1037/tps0000335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000335","url":null,"abstract":"From the earliest days of the shelter-in-place orders issued in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, psychologists warned of the deleterious impact such social isolation could have on young children's social-emotional development. Early childhood education programs, especially those serving low-income and marginalized communities who were hit especially hard by the pandemic, played a critical role in providing support and resources to young families. The federally funded early childhood program, Head Start/Early Head Start (HS/EHS) was particularly well-positioned to aid in this effort. As the pandemic interrupted classroom-based and in-person activities, resourceful HS/EHS programs continued to support children and families in novel ways. This study aimed to capture this creativity and resourcefulness with the intention of carrying lessons forward to improve practice and response to future crises. HS/EHS center directors (N = 20) were purposefully sampled in collaboration with community partners and were interviewed at two time points (August/September 2020 and November 2020) to capture their program's practices before, during, and after shutdowns. Findings from this study can inform the ongoing conversation about what postpandemic early childhood education should look like and how best to meet the social-emotional needs of children, families, and educators. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement What is the significance of this article for the general public?-This study qualitatively captures the experiences of Head Start/Early Head Start directors as they continued to support children's social-emotional development throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings from this research inform ongoing national conversations around lessons learned for children, families, and educators in a postpandemic world. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)","PeriodicalId":29959,"journal":{"name":"Translational Issues in Psychological Science","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41263522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychology and the pandemic: Introduction to the special issue.","authors":"Steven Taylor, Melanie B Arenson, Leanna Kalinowski, Natalie Schwob, K. Shin","doi":"10.1037/tps0000339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000339","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue of Translational Issues in Psychological Science presents a series of articles highlighting the many roles played by psychological factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several themes are explored in this special issue, including discrimination, risk perception, cognitive biases, stress and coping mechanisms, pandemic-related mental health problems, and treatment issues for underserved and other special populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)","PeriodicalId":29959,"journal":{"name":"Translational Issues in Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41944064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in depression, anxiety, and coping in emerging adults prior to versus during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Morgan M. Taylor, Jennifer J. Wicks, Alyssa N. Fassett-Carman, Hannah R. Snyder","doi":"10.1037/tps0000310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000310","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety and depression symptoms were documented at high levels during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for emerging adults. However, most of the research thus far has lacked prepandemic longitudinal or well-matched comparison samples, and cannot determine the extent to which the pandemic increased internalizing symptoms in this population. Additionally, more research is necessary to understand which types of emotion regulation (ER) strategies were used in the pandemic, as these strategies are tightly linked to psychopathology risk and resilience. The current study tested for differences in depression and anxiety symptoms and ER strategy use in emerging adults between a typical prepandemic college semester, and the beginning of the pandemic in the U.S. (April 2020). Results showed higher depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as significant changes in ER strategies, during the pandemic compared to prepandemic levels in well-matched independent samples (N = 324) and a longitudinal sample (n = 54). Planning, positive reappraisal, and self-blame decreased, while catastrophizing and other-blame increased during the pandemic across samples. These findings demonstrate significant increases in internalizing symptoms for emerging adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and provide important insights on how this population coped with the pandemic. The study was limited by examining levels at the beginning of the pandemic and cannot determine if such levels were maintained or fluctuated across the pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement What is the significance of this article for the general public?-The present study demonstrates increases in depression and anxiety symptoms among emerging adults along with changes in emotion regulation strategy use during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings highlight potential coping profiles to target in counseling and interventions to minimize the negative impacts of salient, life-altering stressors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)","PeriodicalId":29959,"journal":{"name":"Translational Issues in Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43222767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making meaning of COVID-19: An exploratory analysis of U.S. adolescent experiences of the pandemic.","authors":"Gabriel M. Velez, Madeline Hahn, Brian Troyer","doi":"10.1037/tps0000326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000326","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic will mark the lives and trajectories of adolescents who lived through it. The pandemic upended social contexts, disrupted schools, and, for many, impacted the physical, financial, and psychosocial health of themselves, their families, and their communities. Contextual changes, however, are not solely deterministic of developmental outcomes. As Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory and Spencer's Phenomenological Variant of the Ecological Systems Theory demonstrate, young people interpret, make meaning, and respond to socioecological contexts as part of their developmental processes. The current study explored meaning making qualitatively through how adolescents in the United States were experiencing COVID-19. Participants were asked via an online survey about their emotions, how they felt COVID-19 was impacting them, and challenges in their lives. Participants (N = 816, mean 15.86 years old) came from 18 states and responded between April and June 2020. Thematic analyses identified 3 themes related to experiences of shifting socioecological context: inadequacy of virtual means of communication;interconnection of daily routines, social life, and mental health;and missing out on key experiences and milestones. Limited socializing fed into emotional responses and connected to the disruption of everyday life. Further analysis focused on Latino/a participants per the pandemic's disproportionate impact on Latinx communities and 2 subgroups by location that had experienced differential extremes of COVID-19 rates during this timeframe. These analyses allowed for examination of different patterns based on socioecological contexts. Translational impacts for those working with young people include considering their processing of the varied and expansive socioecological shifts caused by COVID-19. What is the significance of this article for the general public? The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the social, physical, and educational development of adolescents. The present study explores how these young people interpret and respond to the changes and challenges they face during this time. The analyses of their perspectives highlight the need for individuals and institutions who work with youth to support young people in reforming social connections (particularly beyond technological means) and reimagining and reframing future trajectories.","PeriodicalId":29959,"journal":{"name":"Translational Issues in Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44232799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communities living with chronic environmental contamination: Leveraging interdisciplinarity to address environmental justice issues.","authors":"Harrison J. Schmitt, Daniel Sullivan","doi":"10.1037/tps0000338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000338","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29959,"journal":{"name":"Translational Issues in Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41669254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building diverse climate coalitions: The pitfalls and promise of equity- and identity-based messaging.","authors":"Corinne G. Tsai, Adam R. Pearson","doi":"10.1037/tps0000336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000336","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29959,"journal":{"name":"Translational Issues in Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49609780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for Testing the Differential Effects of Death Anxiety and Death Reflection on Proenvironmental Outcomes","authors":"Joe Guerriero, J. Swim","doi":"10.1037/tps0000334.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000334.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29959,"journal":{"name":"Translational Issues in Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45549357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culturally responsive scalable mental health interventions: A call to action.","authors":"Jordan C. Alvarez, Sydney Waitz-Kudla, Cassidy Brydon, Eric S Crosby, Tracy K. Witte","doi":"10.1037/tps0000319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000319","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, the field of psychology has been calling for culturally responsive interventions, developed with and for diverse populations. COVID-19 has highlighted the utility of digital and scalable minimally guided mental health interventions for helping individuals who lack access to or desire traditional face-to-face services. However, many of these interventions lack research that supports their efficacy. Moreover, the interventions with empirical support tend to derive that support from studies with small sample sizes and limited diversity. These limitations may lend to more cultural mistrust regarding mental health services in communities that are already underserved. In this paper we argue for specific considerations when developing and adapting minimally guided digital scalable mental health interventions as well as propose some frameworks that may be helpful for those developing and adapting these interventions.","PeriodicalId":29959,"journal":{"name":"Translational Issues in Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42823725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dating anxiety during the global COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for college students.","authors":"Taylor M. Dattilo, Rachel S. Fisher, Katherine A. Traino, C. Roberts, V. Lehmann, J. Chaney, L. Mullins","doi":"10.1037/tps0000307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000307","url":null,"abstract":"Dating anxiety (i.e., anxiety experienced when initiating and/or maintaining a romantic connection) is prevalent in the college student population. Dating anxiety may contribute to psychological distress and diminished life satisfaction and has been found to be associated with depressive symptoms. The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated preventative strategies that may negatively impact college students' ability to socialize and thus potentially worsen their mental health. The current study examined whether the relationship between dating anxiety and depressive symptoms was moderated by perceived impact of COVID-19. Participants included college students (N = 225) enrolled at a large Midwestern university and were 18-23 years of age (Mage = 18.95). Participants completed self-report measures of demographics, dating anxiety, perceived impact of COVID-19, and depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with dating anxiety, beta = .40, 95% CI [.292, .513], and COVID-19 impact, beta = .33, 95% CI [.220, .436]. The interaction term (Dating Anxiety x COVID-19 Impact) was significant, beta = .15, 95% CI [.062, .240], such that the relationship between higher dating anxiety and greater depressive symptoms strengthened as COVID-19 impact increased. Our findings demonstrate that increased dating anxiety is related to increased depressive symptoms, which are worsened by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. College students more strongly impacted by COVID-19 may have increased dating anxiety because of decreased exposure to social situations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement The current results have particular implications for mental health services provided to college students. Clinicians providing care to college students should consider the substantial challenges the COVID-19 pandemic presents for daily living, including dating, particularly for individuals who reported higher perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)","PeriodicalId":29959,"journal":{"name":"Translational Issues in Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41683043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}