Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Prokinetics on the Digestive Tract.","authors":"Paolo Usai-Satta,&nbsp;Mariantonia Lai,&nbsp;Francesco Oppia,&nbsp;Francesco Cabras","doi":"10.2174/2772432816666210805125813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2772432816666210805125813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Functional gastrointestinal disorders account for at least a third of visits to gastroenterology clinics. Despite pathophysiological complexity, impaired gut motility may be frequently present in these disorders.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prokinetics are a class of drugs that promote gastrointestinal motility, accelerate transit, and potentially improve digestive symptoms. Several prokinetic agents with a great variety of mechanisms of action are available.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The purpose of this paper is to update our current knowledge about the efficacy and safety of prokinetics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search on efficacy and safety of prokinetics was carried out using the online databases of Pubmed, Medline, and Cochrane.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the action of different receptors, prokinetics mainly comprise dopamine antagonists, 5HT4 agonists, motilin agonists, ghrelin agonists, and cholinergic agonists. Prokinetics have the potential to improve motility function in all segments of the digestive tract, from the esophagus to the colon. In particular, drug international agencies have approved antidopaminergic metoclopramide for the treatment of gastroparesis and serotoninergic prucalopride for chronic constipation not responsive to traditional laxatives. Arrhythmias by QT prolongation and galactorrhea by prolactin stimulation are the more frequent side effects related to prokinetics use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Old and new prokinetics are effective in ameliorating digestive motility disorders and related symptoms and are widely prescribed. Special attention should be paid to the potential adverse events of these agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"17 3","pages":"161-165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39364121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N-Acetyl Cysteine in Rodenticide Poisoning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Muhammed Rashid,&nbsp;Viji Pulikkel Chandran,&nbsp;Sreedharan Nair,&nbsp;Deepa Sudalai Muthu,&nbsp;Jemima Pappuraj,&nbsp;Krupa Ann Jacob,&nbsp;Balaji Sridhar,&nbsp;Karen Mark,&nbsp;Shabnam Hyder,&nbsp;Sohil Khan,&nbsp;Girish Thunga","doi":"10.2174/2772432816666210825102726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2772432816666210825102726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Treatment with N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) in rodenticide poisoning has not been well established due to mixed study results and insufficient evidence. This review aimed to summarize the clinical benefits of NAC in the management of rodenticide poisoning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review follows the PICOS framework and the PRISMA guidelines. Pub- Med/MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane library were searched to identify the published literature from inception to September 2020, and a reference search was performed for additional relevant studies. The English language studies addressing the use of NAC in rodenticide poisoning were considered for the review. We considered all experimental and observational studies due to the insufficient number of interventional studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten studies (two RCTs, four observational, and four descriptive) out of 2,178 studies with 492 participants were considered for the review. Only six studies (two RCTs, one prospective, and three retrospective studies) reported recovery and mortality. Pooled results of RCTs (n=2) showed a significant recovery rate (Odds Ratio [OR]: 3.97; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]:1.69-9.30), whereas summary estimates of prospective and retrospective studies recorded a non-significant effect. Metaanalysis of RCTs (OR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.11-0.59; n=2) and retrospective studies (OR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.15-0.78; n=3) showed a significant reduction in mortality, whereas pooled analysis of prospective studies recorded a non-significant effect. A significant reduction in intubation or ventilation (OR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.11-0.60; 2 RCTs) and a non-significant (P=0.41) difference in duration of hospitalization was observed with NAC when compared to the non-NAC treated group. The quality of the included studies appeared to be moderate to high.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that NAC showed better survival and lower mortality rate when compared to non-NAC treated group; hence NAC can be considered for the management of rodenticide poisoning.</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"17 3","pages":"192-204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39364122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Gastrointestinal and Behavioural Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"José Guevara-Gonzaléz,&nbsp;José Guevara-Campos,&nbsp;Lucía González,&nbsp;Omar Cauli","doi":"10.2174/2772432816666210805141257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2772432816666210805141257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are a group of prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders. They present a complex and unknown etiology, which in most cases includes significant peripheral alterations outside the brain such as in the composition of gut microbiota. Because the gut microbiota is involved in modulating the gut-brain axis, several studies have suggested that the microbiome in the gut can modify metabolites which are able to cross the blood-brain barrier and modulate brain function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reviewed the current evidence regarding microbiota alterations in patients with ASD and the effects of the administration of probiotics and prebiotics in these patients, both in terms of gastrointestinal and behavioural symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Administration of a probiotic formulation containing different strains of Lactobacillus (L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, and others) and Bifidobacteria had beneficial effects upon these aforementioned symptoms and their use is recommended in a subgroup of ASD patients that present gastrointestinal disturbances. Nonetheless, the types of gastrointestinal disturbances that most benefit from such interventions remain to be elucidated in order to personalize the medical approaches.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Recent clinical studies have shown that probiotic treatments can regulate the gut microbiota and may result in improvements in some behavioral abnormalities associated with ASD. Trials using prebiotic fibers or synbiotics preparations are still lacking and necessary in order to deep in such therapeutic strategies in ASD with comorbid gastrointestinal disrturbances.</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"17 3","pages":"166-173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39379594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meet the Section Editor","authors":"Ya-yun Wang","doi":"10.2174/277243281604211015122308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/277243281604211015122308","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41590937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meet the Associate Editorial Board Member","authors":"M. Spanakis","doi":"10.2174/277243281603210802093312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/277243281603210802093312","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43095707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notice of Withdrawal","authors":"Gaetano Gorgone,&nbsp;Massimiliano Plastino,&nbsp;Antonio Vaccaro,&nbsp;Antonietta Fava,&nbsp;Domenico Bosco","doi":"10.2174/2772432816666210901105513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2772432816666210901105513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.</p><p><p>The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorialpolicies-main.php.</p><p><strong>Bentham science disclaimer: </strong>It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously\u0000submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere\u0000must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting\u0000the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the\u0000authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright\u0000of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9554757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meet The Associate Editorial Board Member","authors":"Sherif Hassan","doi":"10.2174/277243281602210610114054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/277243281602210610114054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42281603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Berberine Nanoencapsulation Attenuates Hallmarks of Scoplomine Induced Alzheimer's-Like Disease in Rats","authors":"Samar R. Saleh","doi":"10.2174/2772432mta3rnzqm0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2772432mta3rnzqm0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41774592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of ADJUVANT Ketamine on Induction of Anesthesia for the Cesarean Section","authors":"Mahmoudreza Moradkhani","doi":"10.2174/2772432mta1emtedw","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2772432mta1emtedw","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46333599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Brain Imaging in Drug Development for Psychiatry.","authors":"J. D. den Boer, E. D. de Vries, R. Borra, A. Waarde, A. Lammertsma, R. Dierckx","doi":"10.2174/1574884716666210322143458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574884716666210322143458","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Over the last decades, many brain imaging studies have contributed to new insights in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disease. However, in spite of these developments, progress in the development of novel therapeutic drugs for prevalent psychiatric health conditions has been limited.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000In this review, we discuss translational, diagnostic and methodological issues that have hampered drug development in CNS disorders with a particular focus on psychiatry. The role of preclinical models is critically reviewed and opportunities for brain imaging in early stages of drug development using PET and fMRI are discussed. The role of PET and fMRI in drug development is reviewed emphasizing the need to engage in collaborations between industry, academia and phase I units.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Brain imaging technology has revolutionized the study of psychiatric illnesses, and during the last decade, neuroimaging has provided valuable insights at different levels of analysis and brain organization, such as effective connectivity (anatomical), functional connectivity patterns and neurochemical information that may support both preclinical and clinical drug development.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Since there is no unifying pathophysiological theory of individual psychiatric syndromes and since many symptoms cut across diagnostic boundaries, a new theoretical framework has been proposed that may help in defining new targets for treatment and thus enhance drug development in CNS diseases. In addition, it is argued that new proposals for data-mining and mathematical modelling as well as freely available databanks for neural network and neurochemical models of rodents combined with revised psychiatric classification will lead to new validated targets for drug development.","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"17 1 1","pages":"46-71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43931177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}