Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Spinal Analgesia: Initial Preclinical and Clinical Studies.","authors":"Igor Kissin","doi":"10.2174/0127724328310926240704101041","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127724328310926240704101041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141564668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Angina: Unlocking the Multifaceted Therapeutic Potential of Trimetazidine.","authors":"Ali H Eid","doi":"10.2174/277243282003250219160900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/277243282003250219160900","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"20 3","pages":"179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Glycopyrrolate in the Management of Organophosphate and Carbamate Poisoning: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Muhammed Rashid, Pooja Gopal Poojari, Viji Pulikkel Chandran, Rashmi Shetty, Harsimran Kaur, Sreedharan Nair, Girish Thunga","doi":"10.2174/0127724328290595240509051331","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127724328290595240509051331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>There is a lack of evidence on the effectiveness of antidotes in the management of organophosphate and carbamate (OPC) poisoning. We aimed to review the efficacy and safety of glycopyrrolate in the management of OPC poisoning.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library were extensively searched from inception to November 2022 and updated till October 2023. Interventional, observational, and descriptive studies assessing the efficacy and safety of glycopyrrolate administered in any dose, route, and duration for the management of OPC poisoning published in the English language were considered for this review. The treatment with any other regimen that did not include glycopyrrolate was regarded as the comparator. The survival, intensive care unit (ICU) and ventilatory outcomes were considered efficacy outcomes, and adverse effects were considered safety outcomes. Suitable quality assessment tools were used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Two independent reviewers were involved in the study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment and any discrepancies were resolved through mutual discussion or consultation with a third reviewer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 9 studies (2 RCTs, 4 cohorts, 1 case series, and 2 case reports) out of 591 nonduplicate records were considered for this review. Overall, the RCTs were observed to have a moderate quality, and observational studies and descriptive studies were found to have good quality. All the included studies used atropine administration as a standard treatment option along with glycopyrrolate. The OPC patients treated with glycopyrrolate had a fewer hospitalization days with comparable recovery and ventilatory outcomes than those that had not been treated with glycopyrrolate. The occurrence of adverse events and complications was lower in the glycopyrrolate group than in the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Currently, there is a lack of comparative studies to recommend the use of glycopyrrolate in OPC poisoning, and further interventional studies are required to make an evidencebased recommendation on this topic.</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"38-48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141155450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacogenetic Variations in Arab Populations: Clinical Implications for Personalized Drug Therapy.","authors":"Laith Naser Al Eitan, Iliya Yacoub Khair, Saif Zuhair Alahmad, Doaa Rababaʼh, Asaad Ataa, Hana Abu Kharmah, Lamice Shurafa","doi":"10.2174/0127724328335492241206075509","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127724328335492241206075509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous genetic studies on the genetic makeup of Arab populations highlight the diversity resulting from the distribution of specific genetic markers among various Arab descendant populations. Different genetic variants classified as clinically significant have been identified, impacting the response to administered drugs. Absorption, distribution, and excretion of drugs throughout the human body are managed through the actions of drug transporters and receptor proteins, which are expressed on the cellular membrane. Drug metabolism involves activating or inactivating various compounds, transforming them into therapeutically active or toxic metabolites. With the rapid advancement of pharmacogenetic testing techniques and increased genetic studies involving Arab populations, insights into genetic polymorphisms have emerged, leading to a better understanding of the diverse phenotypes of drug response associated with genotype variation. Variations in transporters and receptor genes have significantly contributed to generating variant phenotypes that affect individuals' responses to treatments and substrates. This necessitates administering individualized drug doses based on the patient's haplotype, which can be determined through advanced genetic diagnosis. This review summarizes the findings of recent pharmacogenetic studies in the Arab world, emphasizing the benefits of pharmacogenetic research and applications to enhance therapeutic aspects of healthcare and treatment among patients in Arab countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"351-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomy, Etiology, Management, and Medico-Legal Implications of Botulinum-induced Blepharoptosis.","authors":"Giulio Nittari, Demetris Savva, Filippo Gibelli, Diana Vulcanescu, Domenico De Leo, Giovanna Ricci","doi":"10.2174/0127724328310459240809073519","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127724328310459240809073519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Botulinum toxin injections, a popular aesthetic treatment, have over 7.4 million beneficiaries in the U.S. Despite their safety record, these injections pose potential complications. It is essential for aesthetic practitioners to manage these complications with the least impact on the patient. Upper eyelid ptosis, though rare, is a significant side effect of botulinum toxin injections. Through our study, we have identified the etiology, anatomy, and therapeutic management of botulinum- induced blepharoptosis. Hence, the goal of this study was to identify the basic aetiology of blepharoptosis and manage this complication, as well as discuss the basis of medico-legal implications involving this popular drug. The complex medico-legal implications of botulinum toxin-induced blepharoptosis call for continuous discourse, education, and clarity on drug-use legal standards. With evolving global and Italian legislation, practitioners must ensure they meet care standards, weighing treatment benefits against potential legal and ethical outcomes. Blepharoptosis is a rare but significant complication of botulinum-type injections. Etiology and thorough anatomy are crucial for avoiding this complication and handling it with the least impact on the patient. Medico-legal implications are currently not fully established, but the basis of aesthetic treatment standards, as well as continuing medical education, will ensure correct medico-legal coverage of such complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"20 1","pages":"32-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11826903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging Generative AI for Drug Safety and Pharmacovigilance.","authors":"Hara Prasad Mishra, Rachna Gupta","doi":"10.2174/0127724328311400240823062829","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127724328311400240823062829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Predictions are made by artificial intelligence, especially through machine learning, which uses algorithms and past knowledge. Notably, there has been an increase in interest in using artificial intelligence, particularly generative AI, in the pharmacovigilance of pharmaceuticals under development, as well as those already in the market. This review was conducted to understand how generative AI can play an important role in pharmacovigilance and improving drug safety monitoring. Data from previously published articles and news items were reviewed in order to obtain information. We used PubMed and Google Scholar as our search engines, and keywords (pharmacovigilance, artificial intelligence, machine learning, drug safety, and patient safety) were used. In toto, we reviewed 109 articles published till 31st January 2024, and the obtained information was interpreted, compiled, evaluated, and conclusions were reached. Generative AI has transformative potential in pharmacovigilance, showcasing benefits, such as enhanced adverse event detection, data-driven risk prediction, and optimized drug development. By making it easier to process and analyze big datasets, generative artificial intelligence has applications across a variety of disease states. Machine learning and automation in this field can streamline pharmacovigilance procedures and provide a more efficient way to assess safety-related data. Nevertheless, more investigation is required to determine how this optimization affects the caliber of safety analyses. In the near future, the increased utilization of artificial intelligence is anticipated, especially in predicting side effects and Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs).</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"89-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Application of Pharmacogenomics in the Administration of Common Cardiovascular Medications.","authors":"Faaiq N Aslam, Artur Schneider, Nikita Jhawar, Razvan Chirila","doi":"10.2174/0127724328323600241120113500","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127724328323600241120113500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Genomic variations among individuals can greatly affect their responses to different medications. Pharmacogenomics is the area of study that aims to understand the relationship between these various genetic variations and subsequent drug responses. Many medications used to optimize cardiovascular health are affected by these genetic variants and these relationships can subsequently impact dosing strategies in patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to review the current literature on the clinical applications of pharmacogenomics for commonly used cardiovascular medications such as Warfarin, Clopidogrel, Statins, Beta Blockers, and ACE-I/ARBs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Databases like PubMed were accessed to gather background information on pharmacogenomics and to collect data on relationships between genetic variants and subsequent drug response. Information on clinical applications and guidelines was obtained by accessing the CPIC and DPWG databases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This article describes the most up-to-date data on pharmacogenomics relating to commonly used cardiovascular medications. It also discusses the clinical application of pharmacogenomic data as it pertains to medication selection/dosing by detailing current guidelines published by organizations such as the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium and the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, this paper will help medical providers not only better understand pharmacogenomics but also apply it in their day-to-day practice. Clinical guidelines relating to the application of pharmacogenomic data were discussed both in text and graphical format, allowing providers to confidently select medications and adjust doses for common cardiovascular medications so that patients receive the maximum therapeutic benefit with minimal toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"261-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142772950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cholinergic Conundrum: A Pharmacological Perspective on the Acetylcholine Enigma of Depression.","authors":"Maha Khachab, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Ali H Eid","doi":"10.2174/277243282003250219163012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/277243282003250219163012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"20 3","pages":"205-206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bleeding <i>vs</i> Thrombosis: Treatment Strategy for Women Having Large Uterine Fibroids and DVT.","authors":"Kiran Sharma","doi":"10.2174/0127724328317631240925051326","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127724328317631240925051326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Large uterine fibroids (UFs) are clonal neoplasms of the uterus that form during the mid and late-aged women. Such women generally consume oral contraceptive pills, tranexamic acid, or NSAIDS to manage heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and associated complications while waiting for a conclusive procedure or avoiding hysterectomy. The procoagulant effect of these medicinal agents can result in venous stasis of the lower limbs, leading to deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a challenging complication with HMB. We examine the complicated state of heavy bleeding with thrombosis and explore better management options. It has been seen that women with hypothyroidism have an increased risk of getting DVT due to an alteration in the coagulation system. These incidences are mostly associated with higher uterine weight, which is related to the extrinsic compression of the inferior vena cava. In such cases, the occurrence of postoperative thrombosis is riskier if hysterectomy/myomectomy is the only option. Utilization of appropriate anticoagulants with modification of the steroid-hormone system using hormone agonists or antagonists (e.g., levonorgestrel intrauterine system, high-dose progestin-only therapy, danazol, aromatase inhibitors, Vitamin-D supplements or selective estrogen receptor modulators) could be an effective technique, but adverse consequences of continued use should be monitored. More research is needed into the basic biology associated with the role of growth factors and genetic alterations in these malignancies. The development of new leiomyomas following conservative therapy is also a significant issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"20 2","pages":"103-121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Diabetic Wounds: A Review of Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Multimodal Management Strategies.","authors":"Manisha, Niharika, Praveen Gaur, Radha Goel, Kanak Lata, Rosaline Mishra","doi":"10.2174/0127724328326480240927065600","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127724328326480240927065600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diabetic wounds are a prevalent and impairing consequence of diabetes mellitus that significantly impacts people's lives and global healthcare systems. Because of disturbances in the wound-healing cascade, these intricate, persistent wounds frequently refuse to heal. Focusing on diabetic wound formation, this study seeks to clarify the complex mechanisms and pathophysiology involved while offering a thorough overview of modern multimodal therapy techniques. The etiology of diabetic wounds entails a complex interplay between tissue destruction caused by hyperglycemia, neuropathy, ischemia, and compromised immune response. Extended inflammation, abnormal protease activity, and low oxygen levels in the tissue exacerbate the healing process. Comprehending these pathogenic mechanisms is essential for formulating efficacious therapeutic strategies.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A thorough evaluation of the literature was done. Databases like SciFinder, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, and the Egyptian Knowledge Bank were used to find pertinent publications. More than 200 articles and databases were studied to constitute this paper. The accuracy of the retrieved data was carefully reviewed and cross-checked. The current review aims to define wounds, various methods of classification, and various advancements for wound management. Several multidisciplinary strategies, including debridement, unloading, antimicrobial stewardship, and innovative therapeutics, are currently needed to manage diabetic wounds. Debridement-the excision of non-viable tissue-is necessary to create an environment that is conducive to recovery. Biomechanical interventions and offloading help to prevent additional tissue damage caused by repetitive stress. Antimicrobial treatments fight infections, which are a common diabetic wound consequence. Promising supplementary treatments are provided by developments in cellular and tissue-based products, ozone therapy growth factors, bioengineered skin substitutes, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After applying article selection criteria and reviewing the quality of the methodology a total of 200 articles were selected to be included in the review. In this review, intricate interactions between peripheral neuropathy, vascular insufficiency, and hyperglycemia in the pathophysiology of diabetic wounds are explained. The efficacy of multimodal therapies is discussed in detail.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>A thorough comprehension of the complex mechanisms that underlie diabetic wounds is essential for efficient therapy. This review emphasizes how important multimodal approaches are to treating the complex pathophysiology of these wounds. Clinicians can greatly enhance the prognosis of patients with diabetic foot ulcers by addressing vascular insufficiency, neuropathy, infection, and poor healing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Timely wound resolution r","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"20 3","pages":"207-228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}