Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Leveraging Generative AI for Drug Safety and Pharmacovigilance.","authors":"Hara Prasad Mishra, Rachna Gupta","doi":"10.2174/0127724328311400240823062829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127724328311400240823062829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Predictions are made by artificial intelligence, especially through machine learning, which uses algorithms and past knowledge. Notably, there has been an increase in interest in using artificial intelligence, particularly generative AI, in the pharmacovigilance of pharmaceuticals under development, as well as those already in the market. This review was conducted to understand how generative AI can play an important role in pharmacovigilance and improving drug safety monitoring. Data from previously published articles and news items were reviewed in order to obtain information. We used PubMed and Google Scholar as our search engines, and keywords (pharmacovigilance, artificial intelligence, machine learning, drug safety, and patient safety) were used. In toto, we reviewed 109 articles published till 31 January 2024, and the obtained information was interpreted, compiled, evaluated, and conclusions were reached. Generative AI has transformative potential in pharmacovigilance, showcasing benefits, such as enhanced adverse event detection, data-driven risk prediction, and optimized drug development. By making it easier to process and analyze big datasets, generative artificial intelligence has applications across a variety of disease states. Machine learning and automation in this field can streamline pharmacovigilance procedures and provide a more efficient way to assess safety-related data. Nevertheless, more investigation is required to determine how this optimization affects the caliber of safety analyses. In the near future, the increased utilization of artificial intelligence is anticipated, especially in predicting side effects and Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs).</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Pharmacotherapies for Smoking Cessation and Promising Emerging Drugs.","authors":"Seetal Dodd, Jodie Harper, Michael Berk","doi":"10.2174/0127724328274939231121114142","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127724328274939231121114142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Pharmacotherapy is commonly used during quit attempts and has shown an increase in the likelihood of achieving abstinence. However, with established pharmacotherapies, abstinence rates following a quit attempt remain low, and relapse is common. This review aims to investigate the efficacy and harm profiles of current and emerging pharmacotherapies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Literature review of current and emerging pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation and tobacco use disorder.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Emerging pharmacotherapies include new formulations of existing therapies, drug repurposing and some new treatments. New treatments are welcome and may incorporate different mechanisms of action or different safety and tolerability profiles compared to existing treatments. However, emerging pharmacotherapies have yet to demonstrate greater efficacy compared to existing treatments. The emergence of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) or 'vaping' is a feature of the current debate around tobacco use disorder. ENDS appear to facilitate switching but not quitting and are controversial as a harm minimisation strategy.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Studies included a broad range of therapies and trial designs that should be compared with their differences taken into consideration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Strategies to successfully quit smoking vary between individuals and may extend beyond pharmacotherapy and involve complex psychosocial factors and pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"19 3","pages":"259-268"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140867124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucose Transporter and Sensor Mechanisms in Fungal Pathogens as Potential Drug Targets.","authors":"Archana Mohit Navale","doi":"10.2174/0127724328263050230923154326","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127724328263050230923154326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal infections are emerging as major health challenges in recent years. The development of resistance against existing antifungal agents needs urgent attention and action. The limited classes of antifungal drugs available, their tendency to cause adverse effects, lack of effectiveness, etc., are the major limitations of current therapy. Thus, there is a pressing demand for new antifungal drug classes to cope with the present circumstances. Glucose is the key source of energy for all organisms, including fungi. Glucose plays a crucial role as a source of carbon and energy for processes like virulence, growth, invasion, biofilm formation, and resistance development. The glucose transport and sensing mechanisms are well developed in these organisms as an important strategy to sustain survival. Modulating these transport or sensor mechanisms may serve as an important strategy to inhibit fungal growth. Moreover, the structural difference between human and fungal glucose transporters makes them more appealing as drug targets. Limited literature is available for fungal glucose entry mechanisms. This review provides a comprehensive account of sugar transport mechanisms in common fungal pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"250-258"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49683030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Progress in the Understanding and Management of Acute Mountain Sickness: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Divyanshi Gupta, Pranay Wal, Mudita Mishra, Ankita Wal, Shruti Rathore, Shiv Shanker Pandey, Nikita Saraswat, Bhagawati Saxena","doi":"10.2174/0127724328237059230919093818","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127724328237059230919093818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals at higher altitudes may experience a decrease in blood oxygen levels, which can result in a variety of clinical illnesses, such as high-altitude pulmonary edema, high-altitude cerebral edema, and milder but more common acute mountain sickness (AMS).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to review the current state of knowledge related to motion sickness, the risk of AMS, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for AMS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Several databases, including PubMed, Bentham Science, Elsevier, Springer, and Research Gate, were used to compile the data for the article following a thorough analysis of the various research findings connected to acute mountain sickness and motion sickness, along with treatments and prevention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This article covers the research on mountain sickness as well as every imaginable form of conventional and alternative medicine. It contains ten medicinal plants that are useful in treating mountain sickness and various other remedies. Additionally, case studies are provided.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Therefore, the information in the paper will help travel medicine specialists better personalize their appropriate care for patients who travel to high-altitude locations. Additionally, all available antiemetic medications, serotonin agonists, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and herbal treatments for motion sickness were discussed. The prevention and consequences of acute mountain sickness are also covered in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"213-224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54231301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metronidazole Induced Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reaction- A Systematic Review of Descriptive Studies.","authors":"Shifa Taj, Mohammed Zuber, Vidhyashree Ballagere Hanumanthaiah, Rajesh Venkataraman, Sathish Kumar Puttegowda, Syed Afrid, Sai Kiran","doi":"10.2174/2772432819666230601155545","DOIUrl":"10.2174/2772432819666230601155545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A substantial number of research studies on metronidazole-related cutaneous symptoms have recently been published. Our objective was to identify and evaluate descriptive studies that described metronidazole-related skin manifestations, therapeutic interventions, and consequences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, and grey literature databases from inception to April 2022 without any constraints, as well as a snowball search in Google and a search in Google Scholar. Descriptive articles describing metronidazole-related cutaneous manifestations were considered for the review. Two distinct reviewers carried out the research selection, data extraction, and quality assessment; any discrepancies were resolved by consensus with the third reviewer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 24 out of 4648 descriptive studies, including 26 patients (20 Female patients and 6 male patients), were included in this review. The included studies comprised a range of ages from 16 to 78 years old. Metronidazole was indicated for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, sepsis, anti-infection therapy, perforated appendicitis, rosacea, vaginal discharge, dysentery, acne rosacea, trichomonal vaginitis, lichen planus, liver abscess, facial rosacea, intestinal amoebiasis, and gingivitis. Fixed drug eruption was the most common skin manifestation which was reported in 7 cases included in this review. Cutaneous manifestations were ameliorated by cessation of the offending drug and by apportioning antihistamines, topical steroids, parenteral corticosteroids, emollients, and topical moisturizers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinicians and healthcare professionals should be cognizant of the potential cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) induced by metronidazole to mitigate fatal circumstances. The management of the CADRs appears to respond effectively with immediate drug discontinuation and supportive therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"269-284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9553902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic Insight into the Role of Peptides Secreted from <i>Bacillus clausii</i> and Future Opportunities.","authors":"Jyoti Guleria, Minhaj Ahmad Khan","doi":"10.2174/0127724328273252240201071756","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127724328273252240201071756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Bacillus clausii</i> is a commercial spore probiotic known to treat multiple diseases. An increased interest in exploring the nutraceutical and probiotic properties of various microorganisms has made researchers explore more about these bacteria. The current trends in the healthcare industry are majorly focused on devising new therapies to avoid drug and pathogen resistance in patients. Antimicrobial peptides have been considered a source of antibiotics for a long time. Still, getting new therapies into the market is a big challenge. Members of the genus Bacillus have been reported to have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial peptides. One of the least explored species under this genus is <i>Bacillus clausii</i>, concerning peptide drug therapy. The applications of <i>Bacillus clausii</i> in treating or preventing gut dysbiosis and respiratory infections have been largely supported in the past two decades. Yet research is lacking in explaining the pathways at molecular levels in targeting pathogens. In this mini-review, we are going to summarise the research that has been reported so far about peptide extraction from <i>Bacillus clausii</i>, their mode of action and advantages to mankind, and the challenges lying in the isolation of peptides.</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"379-386"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139906611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association between Statins Intake and Risk of Post Stroke Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Mohammad Darvishi, Mehdi Mohammadian Amiri, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani, Catherine M T Sherwin, Hossein Mardani-Nafchi","doi":"10.2174/0127724328258172230926070748","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127724328258172230926070748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This research aimed to examine the relationship between the intake of statins and the risk of post-stroke pneumonia in a systematic review and meta-analysis study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An extensive search of published articles on March 2^1st, 2023, was done in several databases, like Web of Science (ISI), PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) checklist was employed to evaluate the quality of observational studies. Statistical tests (Chi-square test and I²) and graphical techniques (Forest plot) were used to determine whether heterogeneity existed in the meta-analysis studies. Funnel plots and Begg and Egger's tests were used to assess the publication bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven studies (5 cohort and 2 case-control studies) were retrieved to examine the association between statins and post-stroke pneumonia. The sample size of the studies compiled in the meta- analysis was obtained to be 68,966 participants. Meta-analysis demonstrated that the overall odds of post-stroke pneumonia in the statin group was equal to 0.87 (95% CI: 0.67 - 1.13; p-value 0.458). Subgroup analysis indicated that the odds of post-stroke pneumonia in the statin group was equal to 0.93 (95% CI: 0.73-1.18; p-value = 0.558) in the cohort studies, and equal to 0.92 (95% CI: 0.37-2.26; p-value = 0.857) in the case-control studies. The examination of the association between the intake of statins and post-stroke pneumonia showed no evidence of publication bias (Begg's test, p-value = 0.368; Eggers test, p-value = 0.282).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, no relationship has been observed between receiving statins and the risk of post-stroke pneumonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"285-293"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41214660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Therapeutic Medicinal Products in Bone and Cartilage Defects.","authors":"Dylana Diaz-Solano, Bahareh Sadri, Maria Peshkova, Anastasia Shpichka, Olga Smirnova, Roshanak Shams, Peter Timashev, Massoud Vosough","doi":"10.2174/0127724328274436231207062008","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127724328274436231207062008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The number of patients with functional loss of bone and cartilage tissue has shown an increasing trend. Insufficient or inappropriate conventional treatments applied for trauma, orthopedic diseases, or other bone and cartilage-related disorders can lead to bone and cartilage damage. This represents a worldwide public health issue and a significant economic burden. Advanced therapeutic medicinal products (ATMPs) proposed promising alternative therapeutic modalities by application of cell-based and tissue engineering approaches. Recently, several ATMPs have been developed to promote bone and cartilage tissue regeneration. Fifteen ATMPs, two related to bone and 13 related to cartilage, have received regulatory approval and marketing authorization. However, four ATMPs were withdrawn from the market for various reasons. However, ATMPs that are still on the market have demonstrated positive results, their broad application faced limitations. The development and standardization of methodologies will be a major challenge in the coming decades. Currently, the number of ATMPs in clinical trials using mesenchymal stromal cells or chondrocytes indicates a growing recognition that current ATMPs can be improved. Research on bone and cartilage tissue regeneration continues to expand. Cell-based therapies are likely to be clinically supported by the new ATMPs, innovative fabrication processes, and enhanced surgical approaches. In this study, we highlighted the available ATMPs that have been used in bone and cartilage defects and discussed their advantages and disadvantages in clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"355-369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139564825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Application of Kinesin Inhibitors in Medical Issues.","authors":"Mojgan Nejabat, Farzin Hadizadeh, Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.2174/0127724328277623231204064614","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127724328277623231204064614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kinesins are a group of motor proteins in charge of several crucial functions in the cell. These proteins often bind to microtubules and perform their functions using the energy produced by ATP hydrolysis. One function of mitotic kinesin, a subclass of kinesin that is expressed during cell division at the mitotic phase, is to create the mitotic spindle. Uncontrolled cell growth is one trait of cancerous cells. Traditional anticancer medications still used in clinics include taxanes (paclitaxel) and vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine), which interfere with microtubule dynamics. However, because non-dividing cells like post-mitotic neurons contain microtubules, unwanted side effects like peripheral neuropathy are frequently found in patients taking these medications. More than ten members of the mitotic kinesin family play distinct or complementary roles during mitosis. The mitotic kinesin family's KSP, or Eg5, is regarded as its most dramatic target protein. The current work systematically reviews the use of kinesin inhibitors in the medical field. The challenges of KSP and the practical solutions are also examined, and the outcomes of the previous works are reported. The significant gaps and shortcomings of the related works are also highlighted, which can be an onset topic for future works.</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"370-378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139564828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Information Regarding the Treatment of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.","authors":"Faezeh Kiani, Sara Khademolhosseini, Jasem Mohammadi, Arian Tavasol, Ramtin Hajibeygi, Mobina Fathi, Majid Dousti","doi":"10.2174/2772432818666230120111237","DOIUrl":"10.2174/2772432818666230120111237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong><i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infects at least 50% of the world's human population. The current study aimed to assess and compare the efficacy of triple versus quadruple therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) consisting of triple and quadruple therapy were identified through electronic and manual searches in the national and international online databases (IsI, Magiran, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus). The random-effects model was applied to pool analysis. Funnel plots and the Egger test were used to examine publication bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After a detailed review of the selected articles, 80 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis; it was based on using triple and quadruple therapy as the first and second-line treatment. The results showed that quadruple therapy in the first-line treatment had a higher eradication rate than triple therapy. Overall, the eradication rate with triple therapy was 74% (95% CI, 71%-77%) for intention-totreat (ITT) analysis and 80% (95% CI, 77%-82%) for per-protocol (PP) analysis. Generally, the eradication rate with quadruple therapy was 82% (95% CI, 78.0%-86.0%) for ITT analysis and 85% (95% CI, 82.0%-89.0%) for PP analysis. The analysis also revealed that quadruple therapy was more effective for 7 or 10 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study results demonstrated that quadruple therapy has better effectiveness than triple therapy as the first-line treatment; however, in the second-line treatment, the effectiveness of quadruple and triple regimens is almost similar. The effectiveness of quadruple therapy in the Asian population was found to be slightly higher than that of triple therapy, while this difference was considerably higher in the European population.</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"184-203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10564406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}