Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery最新文献

{"title":"Exploring Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in UV-induced Skin Photo-aging.","authors":"Neeraj Bainsal, Chandan Sharma, Arpan Kumar Tripathi, Divya Jain, Kuldeep Singh","doi":"10.2174/0127722708395224251129041026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127722708395224251129041026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The skin is especially vulnerable to aging, with ultraviolet (UV)-exposed areas like the face, neck, and hands showing changes more quickly than protected regions. This study explored how UV light drives skin photoaging at the cellular and molecular levels, and assessed how naturally derived compounds might help counter these effects. Through a systematic review of Web of Science and PubMed, preclinical and clinical studies met the inclusion criteria. The analysis focused on measurable outcomes, including wrinkle depth, pigmentation, skin hydration, and collagen content. Results suggest that certain polyphenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids can reduce wrinkle depth by up to 23%, boost hydration by 15-20%, and increase collagen density by 12-18% within 8-12 weeks of use. These benefits appear to stem from multiple mechanisms, including inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases, neutralizing reactive oxygen species, and activating TGF-β signaling. Overall, natural compounds show strong potential in protecting against UV-induced skin aging, but further well-designed clinical trials are needed to address formulation stability, bioavailability, long-term safety, and lasting effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147322348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Immunotherapy with the Rush Method in Patients with Egg White Allergy: A Randomized, Double Blind, Clinical Trial.","authors":"Masoud Movahedi, Mohammad Gharagozlou, Leyla Sahebi, Abbas Khalili, Sajjad Ahmadpour, Javad Tafaroji","doi":"10.2174/0127722708380059251111100817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127722708380059251111100817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The sole approved treatment for egg allergy is abstaining from consuming eggs. We assessed the effectiveness of oral immunotherapy (OIT) utilizing egg-white powder to treat egg allergy in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a randomized clinical trial on patients with egg white allergy. A desensitization protocol for egg allergies involves a modify rush desensitization method with a build-up and maintenance phase. During the build-up phase, patients consume increasing doses of egg white powder mixed with mashed potatoes for 5-7 days until they can tolerate a whole egg white. During the maintenance phase, patients consume a daily intake of whole cooked egg whites for six months. After two weeks of abstinence, a food challenge test is administered to determine if the patient has developed tolerance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-two patients aged 4-7 years with egg white hypersensitivity were recruited. Sixteen participants were in the intervention group, and 16 were in the control group. The intervention group had the highest number of anaphylaxis reactions on day one. During the build-up phase, all patients in the intervention group experienced 60 responses, with skin reactions being the most common. In the maintenance phase, patients were prescribed medications to ensure the success of desensitization. After six months, the intervention group demonstrated a higher tolerance rate for egg whites compared to the control group. Before OIT, the levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE), serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4), and Radioallergosorbent Test (ImmunoCAP RAST) were similar between the intervention and control groups. After OIT, the level of IgG4 increased in the intervention group and decreased in the control group. ImmunoCap RAST increased in both groups, but significantly more in the intervention group. Skin Prick Test (SPT) wheal decreased significantly in the intervention group but not in the control group. The size of the SPT flare significantly decreased in the intervention group but remained the same in the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OIT is adequate for most children with egg allergies. It is a promising intervention for food allergies, but the mechanism underlying its efficacy remains unclear. A better understanding of risks and effective dosing schedules is needed for it to become a recommended standard of care. Long-term immune tolerance strategies are also critical.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>(No. IRCT20190116038387N1).</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Profile and Severity Correlation of Acute Leptospirosis in Northern India, 2019-2023: A Tertiary Care Center-based study.","authors":"Anju Dinkar, Jitendra Singh, Nilesh Kumar, Kailash Kumar, Ramanand Yadav","doi":"10.2174/0127722708436787251112233505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127722708436787251112233505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leptospirosis is a globally important zoonotic disease with substantial morbidity and mortality, yet it remains underreported in Northern India. This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence, clinical characteristics, and severity determinants of acute leptospirosis in a tertiary care setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 174 hospitalized leptospirosis patients from 20,162 admissions between 2019 and 2023. The diagnosis was established using Leptospira IgM ELISA testing. Clinical, haematological, and imaging parameters were systematically evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of leptospirosis was 0.9%, peaking at 38.5% post-monsoon. Rural residents (64.9%), males (59.2%), and individuals involved in agricultural work (62.6%) were predominantly affected. Common presentations were fever (100%), headache (70.7%), myalgia (62%), and calf pain (50%), followed by jaundice (39.7%), and reduced urine output (33.3%).. The mortality rate was 20.1%. Severity correlated significantly with nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, cough, and complications, including diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS), hepatic dysfunction, acute renal injury, and leukocytosis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings emphasize the critical need for early risk stratification and timely intervention to improve clinical outcomes. Identifying clinical and laboratory predictors of severity can significantly guide early management strategies in endemic areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Several clinical and laboratory parameters are significant predictors of leptospirosis severity. Early recognition and risk stratification based on these indicators are crucial to improving patient outcomes. Enhanced surveillance, preventive measures, and clinician awareness are urgently needed to address this neglected tropical disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146031003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IL-6 as a Potential Sensitive Serum Biomarker in Stevens-johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: Two Case Reports.","authors":"Angela Filoni, Gianfranco Calogiuri, Maurizio Congedo, Lucia Pietroleonardo, Gianluigi Conte, Francesca Petrachi, Emiliano Sordi, Ester Sofia Congedo, Eustachio Nettis, Caterina Foti","doi":"10.2174/0127722708411671251129222134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127722708411671251129222134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by several immunologic cells during inflammatory processes, showing an increased serum value in several autoimmune diseases and infections. Recently, it has been used to evaluate lung involvement in COVID-19 infection, and a specific laboratory test has been developed for such a purpose. We used IL-6 to monitor the evolution of Stevens Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in two patients.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>We observed two cases of generalized allopurinol-induced adverse cutaneous reactions, including severe hypersensitivity. Serum IL-6 measurement allowed us to evaluate the magnitude of the immune and inflammatory status of patients better than C Reactive Protein (CRP) or White Blood Cell (WBC) count and to evaluate the response to the treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although different cytokines and serum markers have been proposed for the diagnosis of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR) like SJS/TEN, they are still experimental. We were the first to use IL-6 measurement as a helpful biomarker in the diagnosis and therapeutic management.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145901241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological Characterization of <i>Ruellia tuberosa</i> Ethanolic Extract in a Rodent Model of Cognitive Impairment.","authors":"Rahul Kumar, Nidhi Tyagi","doi":"10.2174/0127722708364435250604032539","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127722708364435250604032539","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Cognitive impairment linked to neurodegenerative diseases poses a considerable challenge, requiring the exploration of plant-derived therapeutic alternatives. Ruellia tuberosa, a medicinal plant recognized for its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, was examined for its therapeutic potential in a rodent model of memory impairment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ruellia tuberosa ethanolic extract (RTEE) on aluminium chloride (AlCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) in adult Wistar rats. In-vitro cell line study showed decreased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased levels of IL-6 (Interleukin-6), and suppressed NF-κB (Nuclear factor kappa-B) translocation, which further confirmed RTEE's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics. Following the objective, thirty adult Wistar rats were taken and divided into five groups (n=6). They were treated with Normal saline, AlCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; (100 mg/kg), DPZ (Donepezil- 3 mg/kg), and RTEE (100 and 200 mg/kg), respectively, for 35 days.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Various behavioral and biochemical parameters, along with the oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers, were assessed to determine the effects of RTEE. The plant extract at both the doses (100 and 200 mg/kg) demonstrated increased body weight, improved motor coordination as demonstrated by an increase in fall-off time on the Rota rod apparatus, decreased escape latency in the Morris water maze test, reduced transfer latency (TL) in the elevated plus maze test, increased time spent in the target quadrant, and increased exploration time in the novel object recognition test. Furthermore, RTEE treatment exhibited decreased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and increased levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total protein. Additionally, RTEE reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1β, which decreased neuroinflammation and amyloid-beta levels. Additionally, the extract exhibited cholinergic system modulation, as observed by improved acetylcholinesterase activity, suggesting its potential role in neurotransmitter regulation. Histopathological study further confirmed its neuroprotective potential by reducing neuronal degeneration in brain regions (hippocampus and cortex).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;This study highlights Ruellia tuberosa's potential as a natural remedy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, providing scientific validation for its traditional usage. The neuroprotective effects observed are the results of the plant's efficacy in inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which are significant factors in cognitive decline. In the end, our results assist the development of plant-based therapies for cognitive disorders by providing a crucial foundation for future research aimed at identifying a","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":"291-313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin-24: A Versatile Regulator of Wound Healing.","authors":"Anju, Uma, Ritu, Mohit Mangla","doi":"10.2174/0127722708349928250108191556","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127722708349928250108191556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The skin, as the body's largest organ, is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and providing protection, making it susceptible to wounds from various causes. Wound healing is a complex process involving numerous cellular activities. Any interruptions can lead to chronic, non-healing wounds, which present significant challenges in healthcare. Interleukin-24 (IL-24), a cytokine within the IL-10 family, has become recognized for its significant role in wound healing due to its diverse effects on cellular processes. IL-24 can inhibit keratinocyte migration, potentially leading to chronic wounds, and promote endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis, which are vital for tissue repair. This dual role highlights IL-24's intricate involvement in wound healing, as it can hinder and aid different aspects of the process. Research indicates that IL-24 expression increases in response to inflammatory mediators and is involved in various immune responses, emphasizing its regulatory function. Further research on IL-24's mechanisms and interactions is essential for developing new therapeutic strategies to enhance tissue regeneration and treat chronic wounds and skin disorders. A deeper understanding of IL-24's functions could transform wound care, providing new approaches for effectively managing and treating conditions involving impaired healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":"8-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Analysis between Lymphocytic Esophagitis and Eosinophilic Esophagitis.","authors":"Mukundkumar V Patel, Maitri M Patel, Dhara K Patel, Dhruvkumar M Patel, Lalitkumar B Patel, Sanjay Rajput","doi":"10.2174/0127722708341294250509063835","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127722708341294250509063835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lymphocytic Esophagitis (LyE) and Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) share many clinical and endoscopic features. However, their treatment outcomes and prognoses differ significantly. LyE, the least recognized form of esophagitis, requires further research. This study compares symptoms, risk factors, and endoscopic findings in LyE and EoE patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study reviewed medical records, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) findings, and biopsy data. Patients with gastrointestinal symptoms who underwent EGD-guided segmental esophageal biopsies between March 2018 and January 2024 were included. Demographic data, clinical features, risk factors, and EGD findings were compared between LyE, EoE, non-specific esophagitis (NSE), and normal esophageal histology (NEH) groups. The LyE and EoE groups were compared and statistically analyzed with a third comparison group formed jointly by NSE and NEH subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort included 11 LyE cases (1.25%), 79 EoE cases (8.96%), 447 NSE cases (50.68%), and 345 NEH cases (39.11%). LyE patients were older, with a mean age of 54.81 years, and 72.72% of them were female. In contrast, EoE patients were younger, with a mean age of 43.52 years, and had a male predominance. Cases of dysphagia, dyspepsia, and nausea or vomiting occurred in both groups. Food impaction was more frequent in EoE. Smoking, alcohol use, and autoimmune diseases (e.g., hypothyroidism and rheumatoid arthritis) were significant risk factors for LyE. Atopic conditions such as asthma and allergies were linked to EoE. Endoscopic findings often overlapped in LyE and EoE. Esophagitis and strictures were more common in LyE, while rings and furrows were more frequent in EoE. All endoscopic findings, including normal mucosa, were significant in LyE and EoE compared to the comparison group. However, rings, linear furrows, and exudates were not significant when comparing LyE to the comparison group.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This single-center study, limited by a small sample size and geographic scope, addresses the diagnostic challenges posed by overlapping features of Lymphocytic and Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Despite the lack of standardized definitions and variable diagnostic thresholds in previous literature, our use of uniform histopathological criteria (≥20 lymphocytes or eosinophils per HPF) and a large control group enhances the consistency and reliability of the findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LyE is a rare form of esophagitis with clinical and endoscopic features similar to EoE. Accurate histopathological diagnosis is essential for differentiation. LyE is more common in older females with autoimmune conditions, while EoE affects younger males with atopic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":"314-320"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) Transplantation for Diabetes: Where Do We Stand?","authors":"Stefano Fiorucci, Ginevra Urbani","doi":"10.2174/0127722708452482251027091643","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127722708452482251027091643","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145551234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells or their Secretome in Diabetic Mice with or without Preconditioning Treatment.","authors":"Shivani M Desai, Ramesh R Bhonde, Addepalli Veeranjaneyulu, Avinash Sanap, Surabhi Jarare, Snehal Satpute, Omkar Janjire, Anusaya Soundankar, Niyaz Ahmed, Krushna Abhale","doi":"10.2174/0127722708323777250121224618","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127722708323777250121224618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease with difficult management, affecting the quality of life. Stem cell therapy has been proven to have regenerative ability. Using the existing stem cell therapy and modifying it, the current study aims to evaluate the effect of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSC), condition media (CM), and UCMSC and CM preconditioned with methotrexate, reservetrol, and vitamin D for its ability to manage T1DM in Swiss albino mice.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>Disease condition was established in the animals by using a diabetesinducing agent streptozotocin (STZ). Then the animals were grouped into normal control, disease control, standard, and test groups; and the treatments were given accordingly. The total study period for this experiment was 28 days. During this period, the animals were supervised for blood glucose levels, food-water intake, and body weight twice a week. At the end of 28 days, the biochemical estimations for serum insulin level, C-peptide, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and anti-inflammatory cytokines level were done. Also, histopathology of the pancreas was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The test groups showed a significant decline in the blood glucose level, an increase in C-peptide level, and a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines as compared to the disease group. A statistically significant change was not observed within the groups in terms of serum insulin and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels. There were improvements in diabetic symptoms in treatment groups, such as polyphagia, polydipsia, and weight loss. Treatment groups also showed pancreatic regeneration, indicating improved insulin secretion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the present study, we concluded that UCMSC, CM, and UCMSC and CM preconditioned with synthetic and natural immunosuppressants and immunomodulators have the ability to regenerate damaged pancreatic beta cells and have an antidiabetic activity, along with an immunomodulating effect. This therapy is a promising choice for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":"76-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Individual and Cassette Administration on Pharmacokinetics of Prednisolone, Diclofenac, and Methotrexate in a Rodent Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis.","authors":"Satish Kumar, Surendra Yadav Ravulapalli, Satinder Singh, Sumeet Gupta, Pratima Srivastava","doi":"10.2174/0127722708344359250414035502","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127722708344359250414035502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To find out how arthritic diseases affect the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone, diclofenac, and methotrexate when given individually and as a cassette in male Sprague-Dawley rats, the study's main goal was to look into drug-drug interactions (DDI). For the treatment of moderate to severe arthritis, doctors commonly prescribe all three drugs alone or in combination.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Pharmacokinetics (PK) was evaluated using individual and cassette dosing in male Sprague-Dawley rats in a fasting state. Respective experimental groups were administered orally with prednisolone (5.0 mg/kg), diclofenac (10.0 mg/kg), and methotrexate (0.5 mg/kg) during either discrete or cassette dosing, at a dose volume of 5 mL/kg. Blood samples were collected through the jugular vein and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated using Phoenix software version 8.1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prednisolone significantly decreased the AUC0-last in both the arthritic group and the cassette group when compared to the standalone normal animal group. Neither cassette dosing in the normal group nor discrete dosing in the arthritic group affected the pharmacokinetics (PK) of diclofenac. However, the AUC_{0-last value} for diclofenac significantly decreased during cassette dosing in the arthritic group. Individual administration of methotrexate in the arthritic group resulted in a significant decrease in AUC0-last, while the healthy group experienced a substantial increase when administered as a cassette.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Poly-pharmacy is quite commonly practiced in arthritic patients. Co-administration of multiple drugs together may alter the systemic exposure due to disease condition and drug-drug interaction which ultimately may lead to off target toxicity or sub-therapeutic exposure. The suboptimal therapeutic response may lead to prolonged medication therapy for desired benefit. However, This study has a potential limitation that, diseased induced model may not accurately reflect the human auto-immune disease pathophysiology and further the pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interaction may further vary according to the stage in rheumatoid arthritis patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Along with the pharmacological DDI, this study looked at how disease affected the PK of prednisolone, diclofenac, and methotrexate when these drugs were given in both discrete and cassette doses. Significant differences in AUC0-t and Cmax of prednisolone and methotrexate pharmacokinetics when dosed as a cassette or individually in arthritic groups were noticed. The serum concentration of methotrexate increased when it was combined with diclofenac. Further, the metabolism of methotrexate increased when combined with prednisolone.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":"276-290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}