Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery最新文献

{"title":"The Potential Anti-psoriatic Effects of Andrographolide: A Comparative Study to Topical Corticosteroids.","authors":"Indira Dharmasamitha, Luh Made Mas Rusyati, Dyah Kanya Wati, I Made Agus Gelgel Wirasuta","doi":"10.2174/0127722708296983240424102212","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127722708296983240424102212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Andrographolide (AP), a bioactive anti-inflammatory compound of Sambiloto, inhibits NF-κB, TNF-α, and interleukin IL-6. Nowadays, molecular docking simulation between AP and dexamethasone against NF-κB receptor presented the energy AP higher than dexamethasone. This becomes a potential treatment for psoriasis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This manuscript reported the effectiveness of AP from Sambiloto in treating psoriasis compared to topical steroids.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study conducted TLC analysis of AP content and its metabolite impurities, emulgel formulation, molecular docking, <i>in-silico</i> skin toxicity study, and <i>in-vivo</i> anti-psoriatic activity. This was a combination study of an <i>in-silico</i> study and an <i>in-vivo</i> study. This <i>in-silico</i> study was analyzed through multivariate statistical analysis (PCA) to elucidate the data constellation relationship of andrographolide derivatives with several target proteins. The intervention was performed in seven days. The PASI score, molecular parameters (IL-6, IL-17, VEGF, and TNF-a levels), and histopathological findings were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Molecular docking results revealed andrographolide to exhibit a relatively high binding affinity towards IL-6, NF-kB, and TNF-α which is comparable to the corticosteroids, andrographolide also shares similar residue interaction profile with each of the respective protein's native ligand. In the <i>in-vivo</i> study, we found several parameters statistically significantly different regarding the intervention, including final PASI score (p = 0.017), redness (p = 0.017), scale (p = 0.040), thickness (p = 0.023), total histopathology of psoriasis score (p = 0.037), keratin layer score (p = 0.018).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Emulgel AP 0.1% could lower the anti-inflammatory agent, which is vital to psoriasis progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":"46-70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140858297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study of Dexamethasone and Methylprednisolone in COVID-19 Patients: Clinical Outcomes and Inflammatory Markers.","authors":"Alireza Ziaei Moghaddam, Mostafa Soleimani, Behnam Imani, Sepideh Hejazi, Mohammadhossein Taherynejad, Mona Kabiri, Maryam Emadzadeh, Sahar Ravanshad","doi":"10.2174/0127722708310247240718100251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127722708310247240718100251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, prompted by SARS-CoV-2, has created complicated health crises. An excessive inflammatory response and cytokine storm characterize severe COVID-19. Corticosteroids like dexamethasone and methylprednisolone are used for their anti-inflammatory effects, but comparisons of their efficacy are lacking.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study seeks to rigorously assess and contrast the effectiveness of dexamethasone and methylprednisolone in combating COVID-19 infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective clinical study evaluates the effects of these two corticosteroids by reviewing the files of 500 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The baseline characteristics of the patients, chest CT severity score, type of steroid prescription, duration of hospitalization and steroid prescription, dosage of corticosteroid therapy, their recovery status, hospital mortality, and specific disease severity-associated markers, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), complete blood count (CBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were collected and compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found no significant difference in most disease severity-associated markers between the two corticosteroid groups. However, lower mortality rates and shortened hospital stays were significantly associated with dexamethasone, especially in critical patient groups. A detailed analysis of inflammatory markers suggested minimal differences based on the type of corticosteroid used.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study indicates that dexamethasone may have some advantages in specific clinical outcomes. Further research needs to explore the mechanisms involved despite similar anti-inflammatory profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":"19 2","pages":"259-268"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Phytochemical-based Nanocarrier Approaches for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Challenges and Scope for Future-generation Formulations.","authors":"Sandhya Mishra, Ravindra Kumar Pandey, Shiv Shankar Shukla, Disha Kesharwani","doi":"10.2174/0127722708304673240903184606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127722708304673240903184606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aims to investigate and assess the effectiveness of current novel techniques for the preparation of an efficient nanocarrier system in resolving the drawbacks associated with the delivery of herbal bioactives to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Systematic utilization of various search engines like Science Direct, Pubmed, Shodhganga, Google Scholar, and Google Patent databases based on various sets of key phrases has been performed. All the findings from these data have been studied and briefed based on their relevant and irrelevant information. The current study summarizes the existing research and development of new nano-formulations with a focus on herbal bioactive compounds for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Physicochemical properties of phytoconstituents, such as low aqueous solubility, low permeation coefficient, and chemical instability, poor bioavailability, short plasma half-life, and ultimately sub-therapeutic efficacy, limit their clinical translation despite their great potency. The utilization of Phytochemical-Based Nanocarrier Approaches for rheumatoid arthritis can be a milestone as a major population is affected by this disease worldwide. The intensive study recapitulates that novel drug delivery systems can provide new opportunities to efficiently deliver herbal bioactives with improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. The exhaustive study concluded that transferosomes, ethosomes, transethosomes, niosomes, phytosomes, Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN), Nano Lipid Carriers (NLC), bilosomes and hylurosomes are some of the efficient nanocarrier systems that may impart numerous benefits to the delivery of herbal bioactives for treatment of RA. These nanocarrier systems fabricated with phytoconstituents flaunt the evident promising benefits of improved aqueous solubility, low first-pass metabolism with upgraded bioavailability, sustained release action, resistance to enzymatic degradation etc., providing support in rheumatoid arthritis recovery. This review discusses that the upgradation of the pharmacological action and other relevant issues of herbal bioactives are possible by utilizing novel drug delivery systems, resulting in successful development of nano-loaded herbal bioactives. It also focuses on highlighting the pioneering progression in the field of herbal bioactives-loaded nanocarrier systems for rheumatoid arthritis both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> along with their advanced preparation methods and applications and discussing the opportunities for further prospects. This compiled informative review will enlighten various researchers in the field of delivering herbal bioactives for rheumatoid arthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":"19 2","pages":"189-212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclooxygenases: From Prostaglandin Synthesis to Innovative Therapies for Inflammation.","authors":"Sumeet Sharma, Prerna Sharma, Nidhi Rani","doi":"10.2174/0127722708297531240919105551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127722708297531240919105551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyclooxygenases are enzymes involved in prostaglandin synthesis, a part of the inflammatory process. The most frequently applied anti-inflammatory drugs are NSAIDs; however, these medications exhibit very serious side effects, and often, reduce production or are withdrawn from the market. Recently, researchers were focused on finding new, safe, selective COX-2 inhibitors with safety features. This paper reviews cyclooxygenase enzyme malfunction-related diseases, current therapies and new drug discovery opportunities. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases are enzymes involved in the synthesis of prostanoid peptides through the oxidation of nitric oxide and pyruvate phosphate. They are participating factors for various physiological and pathological processes, which include disorders of the oral tissues such as periodontitis, pulpitis, and oral cancer. This paper is a review of some pharmaceutical products in terms of history, efficiency, and possible side effects as inhibitors of the Cyclooxygenase enzyme. The analysis concludes that more recent Cox inhibitors, such as dietary modifications and natural supplements, hold promise for safer and more efficient treatment of diseases involving Cox enzyme function.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":"19 2","pages":"146-157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cup as a Cap on the Diabetic Wound: A Hope for Treatment of Diabetic Ulcers.","authors":"Maedeh Rajaei, Hadi Zare-Zardini, Hossein Eslami, Mojtaba Ansari","doi":"10.2174/0127722708307900240818172700","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127722708307900240818172700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes is known as one of the most important widespread diseases in the world. Diabetic ulcer is one of the main complications associated with this disease. The use of the capabilities of modern science such as nanotechnology can be effective in developing new strategies for treating diabetic ulcers. Regulating homeostasis, controlling infections, and the ability to regenerate/ heal are some of the proposed mechanisms of nanomaterials in wound healing. In this regard, cuprorivaite bioceramic, as a bioceramic containing copper nanoparticles with effects on angiogenic factors and infection control, can effectively be used in the healing of diabetic ulcers. In this prospective article, we have presented the potential of this bioceramic in the design of new dressings for diabetic wound healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":"19 2","pages":"213-220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19: An Updated View as of 2025.","authors":"Stefano Fiorucci, Ginevra Urbani","doi":"10.2174/0127722708402751250424042543","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127722708402751250424042543","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":"269-273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Investigation into the Anti-inflammatory Properties of <i>Curcumin</i> for Orofacial Dental Pain Management.","authors":"Devika Tripathi, Ramiza Akram, Raghavendra Kumar, Pranay Wal, Awani Kumar Rai, Vinayak Rai, Tanya Gupta","doi":"10.2174/0127722708304103240821072801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127722708304103240821072801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The orofacial mucous membrane is an appealing route for drug delivery to improve both systemic and local treatments. The aim of the present study was to develop an oral dental film loaded with curcumin hydrotropic solid dispersion for sustained drug delivery in the orofacial region. Compared to other dosage forms, films are the most elegant, palatable, and suitable systems for systemic mucosal drug delivery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hydrotropic solid dispersion technique utilizing 2 M sodium salicylate was developed to enhance the solubility of curcumin, addressing its poor water solubility. By forming a solid dispersion with a 1:4 ratio through solvent evaporation, the <i>in-vitro</i> physicochemical properties of the curcumin-loaded system were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The utilization of sodium salicylate hydrotrope in a molecular dispersion significantly improved the solubility and bioavailability of curcumin. Subsequently, an oral dental film loaded with hydrotropic solid dispersion was developed using the solvent casting method with HPMC and gelatin as mucoadhesive polymers. Six different films were prepared using polymeric blends with HPMC and gelatin, which showed homogeneity, yellowish colour, and high drug content uniformity of 98.56 ± 3.24, with thickness ranging from 0.16 mm to 0.24 mm. The films exhibited excellent folding endurance and tensile strength for improved patient palatability. <i>In-vitro</i> studies demonstrated a significant enhancement in curcumin release, reaching a maximum of 94.66% over seven days in the presence of sodium salicylate hydrotrope, following firstorder kinetics. An <i>ex vivo</i> permeation of Cur-F3 film had a significant effect on mucoadhesion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Using hydrotropes in oral film formulation is a new and sustainable method for delivering clinically significant curcumin through the oral mucosa. As a result, it is recommended for use in the design of treatments for other dental diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":"19 2","pages":"244-258"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forty-one Cytokine Profile and Interferon-I Score in Juvenile Dermatomyositis: A Case Series Study.","authors":"Rinat K Raupov, Evgeny N Suspitsin, Lubov S Sorokina, Ekaterina K Zaikova, Olga V Kalinina, Mikhail M Kostik","doi":"10.2174/0127722708322756240820110005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127722708322756240820110005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To analyze a broad spectrum of cytokine in the serum of patients with JDM.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is the most common subtype of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies characterized by muscle and skin involvement. The etiology of JDM is unclear. A variety of cytokines play a role in the pathogenesis of JDM. Interferons, galectin-9, CLCX10, and neopterin are the most promising biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study describes the associations between clinical symptoms, cytokine, and interferon profiles in children with JDM.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ten patients (6 girls and 4 boys) with JDM were included in the study. The clinical symptoms, disease activity (CMAS, CAT), laboratory parameters, and treatment were assessed. Forty-one cytokines levels and IFN-I scores in the serum were measured. The levels of cytokines were compared with a group of healthy controls (n=25).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were observed in 21 of 41 analyzed cytokines between JDM patients and healthy controls. Patients with active disease (n=8) have higher levels of fractalkine (p = 0.036), IFNa (p = 0.037), IFNg (p = 0.037), GRO (p = 0.037), IL-10 (p = 0.037), IL-12p40 (p = 0.037), IL-12p70 (p = 0.048), IL-17a (p = 0.048), IL-1RA (p = 0.037), IL-1a (p = 0.037), compared to patients with inactive disease (n=2). A strong positive association was found between aCAT activity and eotaxin (r=0.753, p =0.012), GRO (r=0.735, p =0.015), IP-10 (r=0.805, p =0.005), and MCP-1 (r=0.734, p =0.016). A strong negative correlation association was observed between CMAS and eotaxin (r= -0.714, p =0.020), GRO (r= -0.727, p =0.017), IL-10 (r= -0.786, p =0.007), IP-10 (r= - 0.719, p =0.019), and MCP-1 (r= -0.800, p =0.005). IFN-I scores showed a positive correlation with IFNa (r=0.790, p =0.007), GRO (r=0.736, p =0.015) and IL-1RA (r=0.930, p <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among the spectrum of 41 cytokines, GRO, eotaxin, IP-10, and MCP-1 have shown the strongest association with JDM activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":"19 2","pages":"236-243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Microsponges-loaded Transdermal Gel for the Management of Osteoarthritis.","authors":"Shiwani Sen, Anjali Sharma, Priyanka Kriplani, Hitesh Malhotra, Vishnu Mittal","doi":"10.2174/0127722708297654240718053117","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127722708297654240718053117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Osteoarthritis (OA) stands as the most widespread form of arthritis, representing a primary source of pain and functional impairment among the elderly. It is often referred to as a degenerative joint disease. OA is more than just wear and tear; it is an aberrant remodelling of joint tissues prompted by a deluge of inflammatory mediators released within the compromised joint. This disease affects 15 million people in India annually.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aceclofenac is a COX-2 inhibitor that has anti-inflammatory activity. However, aceclofenac has a short mean plasma elimination half-life and poor water solubility. It requires frequent dosing, which has been linked to a number of negative side effects, including bleeding and gastrointestinal irritation. A potential solution to this problem is the transdermal administration of aceclofenac using microsponges. In order to have a synergistic effect along with the bioenhancer effects, piperine was incorporated into the formulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Microsponges were created using the quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method. After characterization, the prepared microsponges were incorporated into the Carbopol gel. The <i>in vivo</i> study focused on evaluating the optimized formulation, F1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All the prepared microsponge formulations underwent assessment based on parameters including yield of production, entrapment efficiency, and <i>in vitro</i> drug release. The outcomes indicated that batches ranging from F1 to F9 showed positive entrapment efficiency and <i>in vitro</i> drug release. From 50.37% to 80.76 % and 71.18% to 91.8% and <i>in vivo</i> studies the results reveal that the inflammatory cells in the best formulation Ace(B) group were reduced hence the formulation's anti-inflammatory impact was achieved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate that Formulation F1 exhibits superior entrapment and enhanced drug release. The kinetics study suggests that the optimized formulation aligns well with the Higuchi model and adheres to the Fickian transport drug release mechanism. Animal study findings suggest that optimized formulation Ace(B) may possess ideal -anti-osteoarthritic activity for osteoarthritic disease. Further clinical trials on humans may be conducted in order to make the research fruitful for society.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":"19 1","pages":"79-99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Acanthosis Nigricans: Pathogenesis, Clinical manifestation and Management.","authors":"Shiana, Shivika Parmar, Priyanka Guleria, Shammy Jindal, Mahendra Singh Ashawat, Pravin Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0127722708314530240919054410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127722708314530240919054410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acanthosis Nigricans is a dermatological condition characterized by hyperpigmented velvet plaques that can be observed in flexural areas such as the neck, axilla, and groin. AN is frequently associated with insulin resistance and obesity, however, it can also appear in non-obese people and as a paraneoplastic disease. Its prevalence varies across different populations, with higher rates observed in individuals with obesity, diabetes, and certain genetic syndromes. Classification of AN can be based on underlying etiology, distinguishing primary and secondary forms. Pathogenesis is the complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors, with insulin resistance playing a central role. Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation of characteristics of skin changes, often requiring further investigation for underlying systemic disease. Topical therapies involve keratolytic agents, retinoids, and alpha hydroxyl acids to improve the cosmesis and reduce the plaque's thickness. Treatment strategies address underlying conditions by emphasizing lifestyle modifications and in some cases, pharmacological interventions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aims to comprehensively examine the pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, and management of acanthosis nigricans.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>AN is closely linked to insulin resistance, characterized by impaired cellular response to insulin, leading to compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Recognizing AN's clinical presentation is paramount for early diagnosis and appropriate management.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acanthosis Nigricans is a skin condition characterized by dark, thickened patches of skin, typically occurring in skin folds and creases. It can be a sign of an underlying health issue such as insulin resistance, obesity, hormonal disorders, or certain medications. Proper diagnosis and management of the underlying conditions are crucial. Treatment may involve addressing the underlying causes, lifestyle changes, and topical medications to improve the appearance of the skin. Regular monitoring and follow-up with a health care professional are essential for optimal management and to prevent complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":"19 2","pages":"135-145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}