Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery最新文献

{"title":"The Correlation between Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and C-reactive Protein Ratio, and Lipid Profile in Dyslipidemia Patients with Dry Eye Disease.","authors":"Amani Y Alhalwani, Manar Khinkar, Mawaddah Alharbi, Maha Alqurashi, Asail Alsulami, Lujain Refaei, Maha B Alqahtani, Areej Yahyawi, Shatha Jambi, Hala Bamallem","doi":"10.2174/0127722708469832260704203619","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127722708469832260704203619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dyslipidemia (DLP) is an increase in lipid accumulation; as a result, hypertriglyceridemia causes body inflammation. One risk factor for inflammation is the development of dry eye disease (DED). This study aims to investigate the correlation between the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein ratio (ESR/CRP ratio) and lipid profile biomarkers as indicators for dyslipidemia in dry eye disease patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was designed based on a case-control study of n=200 patients with dyslipidemia in the King Abdulaziz Medical Center (KAMC) - Jeddah hospital community, who were randomly selected. The patient data were collected for two groups: the control group, dyslipidemia only (DLP; n= 144), and the study group, dyslipidemia with dry eye disease (DLPDED; n= 56). All patients' demographic and laboratory findings data were retrospectively extracted from the hospital records using the BestCare platform; then, the PRISM software analyzed the statistical data (GraphPad Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). A significance level of p <0.05 was adopted for validation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study found that females were more common in DLP-DED patients than DLP patients. Moreover, DLP-DED patients have triglyceride values higher than DLP patients, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001). Compared the correlation of ESR/CRP ratio between groups, only DLP-DED patients showed a positive correlation between ESR/CRP ratio and total cholesterol and between ESR/CRP ratio and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the DLP-DED group with statistically significant differences p = 0.0223 and p = 0.0393, respectively.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The positive correlation between the ESR/CRP ratio and LDL and cholesterol levels in DLP-DED patients supported a previously published study on DED patients versus non- DED.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Given the significant correlations between the ESR/CRP ratio and lipid profile, examining the ESR/CRP ratio is recommended as routine screening of dyslipidemia patients with ocular surface diseases such as dry eye disease to provide clinically beneficial diagnosis and treatment approaches and prevent future eye complications in DLP patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148456987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological Characterization of Digera muricata Ethanolic Extract in a Rodent Model of Hepatotoxicity.","authors":"Bushra Shaukat, Md Mujahid, Md Azizur Rahman, Esraa Mohammad Haji, Tabinda Fatima, Ali F Almutairy, Saleh Alfuraih, Hamoud Alotaibi, Waad Alrohily, Ashfaq Ahmad","doi":"10.2174/0127722708467841260627044310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127722708467841260627044310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objective: </strong>Digera muricata (DM) contains phenolic compounds and quercetin and β-caryophyllene, which exhibit anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. The present study was conducted with the objective of examining the hepatoprotective role of DM ethanolic extract in a hepatotoxic model of Sprague-Dawley rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were divided into the following groups: Normal Control (NC); hepatotoxic disease control (DC); hepatotoxic group treated with a low dose (LD) of DM (LDDM-INH+RIF); hepatotoxic group treated with a high dose (HD) of DM (HDDMINH+RIF), and reference control (RC) standard drug silymarin for 21 days. The hepatoprotective action was explored by measuring various liver function enzymes and lipid profiles. Oxidative stress parameters were investigated by their concentrations in the plasma and liver tissue of all study groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Spectroscopic analysis revealed that the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of DM extract were 69.48 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents per gram (GAE/g) and 49.59 mg Catechin Equivalents per gram (CE/g), respectively. Gallic acid (6.89 mg/g) and rutin (24.78 mg/g) were identified as the predominant phenolic compounds. The extract exhibited 2,2-Diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity with an IC50 of 179 µg/mL compared to 20.65 µg/mL for BHT.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Treatment with DM significantly (p < 0.05) decreased serum cholesterol, total protein, and triglyceride levels in LDDM-INH+RIF and HDDM-INH+RIF groups relative to hepatotoxic control. Similarly, plasma liver function enzymes were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Antioxidant analysis indicated a significant (p < 0.05) elevation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), accompanied by a significant decline in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in both plasma and liver tissues compared with the disease control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DM exhibited significant hepatoprotective effects in isoniazid- and rifampicininduced hepatotoxic rats, primarily through its antioxidant activity. The extract enhanced hepatic and plasma antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH) while reducing lipid peroxidation (MDA). It also normalized liver function markers, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, consistent with histopathological improvements. These protective effects are attributed to the phenolic and flavonoid constituents of the extract.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148456979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Hydrogen-rich Water on Chronic Kappa-carrageenan-induced Colitis in Weaned Female Swiss Albino Mice: A Preliminary Study.","authors":"Oumaima Anachad, Wafaa Taha, Hicham Wahnou, Imad Fenjar, Mohamed Rida Salam, Hasnae Zekhnini, Houssam Assoui, Amina Kardoudi, Abdelouaheb Benani, Faiza Bennis, Fatima Chegdani","doi":"10.2174/0127722708469109260622071700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127722708469109260622071700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Food additives such as carrageenan, which are widely present in processed foods, can aggravate intestinal inflammation, particularly during the weaning period, a stage of high gut vulnerability. Weaned mice provide a relevant model to study how early dietary exposures influence intestinal health. This preliminary study explores the potential applicability of Hydrogen-rich Water (HRW), a non-pharmacological approach with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as an early-stage and potentially patentable supportive strategy against carrageenan-induced colitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Weaned female Swiss albino mice were assigned to four groups: normal control, UC, HRW, and diclofenac. Except for controls, all groups were exposed to kappa-carrageenan in drinking water for three months to induce chronic colitis, followed by a two-week treatment with HRW or diclofenac. Clinical signs, colon length, histopathology, cytokine expression, and gut microbiota composition were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Carrageenan exposure in weaned mice caused significant colitis, evidenced by body weight loss, an increase in disease activity index, colon shortening, and severe inflammatory lesions. Pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL1β, and IL6 were significantly upregulated with a concomitant decrease in IL10. HRW treatment significantly attenuated disease severity by reducing disease activity index, preserving colon length, decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and partially restoring IL10 expression. However, HRW had limited effects on the relative abundance of beneficial gut microbes such as Bifidobacterium spp. and Akkermansia spp.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These preliminary findings support existing evidence that early-life exposure to food additives disrupts immune regulation in the immature gut. The protective effects of HRW appear to be mainly host-mediated, suggesting an innovative but early-stage immunomodulatory mechanism rather than a microbiota-driven effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, this exploratory proof-of-concept study suggests that HRW may represent a promising and potentially patentable supportive approach for reducing diet-induced intestinal inflammation during weaning. Further validation is required before any translational or industrial application can be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148430319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renoprotective Mechanisms of SGLT2 Inhibitors: Integrating Clinical and Experimental Evidence from Inflammation to Fibrosis.","authors":"Shatrudhan Prajapati, Shikha Yadav, Himanshu Arora, Ajay Pal Singh, Kuldeep Singh, Divya Jain, Jeetendra Kumar Gupta, Mukesh Chandra Sharma","doi":"10.2174/0127722708450967260627052738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127722708450967260627052738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as diseasemodifying agents in chronic kidney disease (CKD), demonstrating consistent renoprotective effects in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Large randomized outcome trials have shown substantial reductions in clinically significant renal endpoints. Canagliflozin reduced the risk of end-stage kidney disease, doubling of serum creatinine, or renal death by 34% (hazard ratio [HR] 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53-0.81) in the CREDENCE trial. Similarly, dapagliflozin reduced the risk of composite renal outcomes by 39% in DAPA-CKD (HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.51-0.72), with comparable benefits observed in non-diabetic CKD. These findings were further supported by the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, which demonstrated a 28% reduction in kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death with empagliflozin (HR 0.72; 95% CI 0.64- 0.82) across a broad range of baseline eGFR and albuminuria. Beyond their hemodynamic effects, including restoration of tubuloglomerular feedback and an early, reversible decline in eGFR, accumulating experimental and translational evidence indicates that SGLT2 inhibitors attenuate renal inflammation and fibrosis. These effects are mediated through metabolic reprogramming of proximal tubular cells, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, improvement of mitochondrial function, and modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. This review integrates clinical and mechanistic evidence to propose a hierarchical, time-dependent model in which early hemodynamic stabilization creates a permissive environment for sustained metabolic and immunomodulatory effects, ultimately preserving renal function over the long term. Limitations of the current evidence, including reliance on preclinical models and limited access to human kidney tissue, are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148399565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Serum Levels and Gene Expression of IL-10 and IL-35 Among Women with Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion.","authors":"Mojtaba Saedi Marghmaleki, Sahar Rostami, Maryam Farid Mojtahedi, Mahshad Khodarahmian, Masoome Jabarpour, Maryam Nemati Dehkordi, Fardin Amidi, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani","doi":"10.2174/0127722708473183260615104747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127722708473183260615104747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D (Vit D) supplementation on serum levels and gene expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-35 in women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (uRSA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the current prospective quasi-experimental study, 32 women with uRSA and 32 healthy women with at least one live birth were studied. Peripheral blood samples were collected before and after 12 weeks of daily Vit D supplementation at 1000 IU/day. ELISA was used to measure serum levels of Vit D, IL-10, and IL-35, and gene expression of IL-10 and IL-35 was assessed by PCR at the desired time points. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSSv 22.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vit D supplementation had no statistically significant effect on serum IL-10 levels (p = 0.176), and no significant differences were observed in the remaining serum comparisons (all p > 0.05). Regarding IL-35, gene expression levels in women with uRSA did not demonstrate a statistically significant within-group change following supplementation (p > 0.05). At baseline, IL-35 gene expression in the control group was significantly higher than in the patient group (p <0.0001), and this difference was also significant after supplementation (p =0.0006).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Vit D can potentially regulate the immune system, especially by increasing IL-35, although it has minimal effect on IL-10. The current study had a small sample size and a short supplementation period. Larger and Long-term studies are needed to confirm these results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vit D supplementation was linked to changes in IL-35 gene expression in women with uRSA. However, since there were no significant alterations in serum cytokine levels, these findings do not confirm a definitive role for Vit D in enhancing immune tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148303321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linarin Inhibits Mast Cell Degranulation and Ameliorates Allergic Rhinitis in Rats by Suppressing ERK/p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Junwei Ma, Wenyuan Liu, Rui Peng, Yang Liu","doi":"10.2174/0127722708441192260408065228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127722708441192260408065228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Linarin, a flavonoid abundant in medicinal plants such as Chrysanthemum indicum, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties, yet its anti-allergic potential remains unclear. To evaluate the anti-allergic effects of linarin and investigate its underlying mechanisms using in vitro and in vivo models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An in-vitro model of mast-cell activation was created by stimulating RBL-2H3 cells with compound 48/80. Degranulation was quantified by β-hexosaminidase (β-Hex) release, and the expression levels of MAPK pathway proteins were analysed using Western blotting. An ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis model was estalished in rats, chlorpheniramine was used as the positive control. Serum IgE, IL-4 and TNF-α levels were measured, nasal-mucosa histopathology was examined. Safety evaluations included body weight, serum biochemistry and histology of the heart, liver and kidneys.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Linarin inhibited C48/80-induced degranulation in a dose-dependent manner, reducing β-Hex release (P < 0.05) and suppressing ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In rats, all linarin doses lowered serum IgE, IL-4 and TNF-α levels (P < 0.05), alleviating pathological damages of the nasal mucosa, including congestion, oedema, and inflammatory-cell infiltration. Spleen index showed normalisation after linarin treatment, indicating improved immune function. No adverse effects on body weight, blood chemistry or major organ histology were detected, demostrating a favrouable safety profile.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Linarin showed anti-allergnic effect by regulating mast-cell degranulation and pro-flammatory cytokine release via MAPK signaling pathway inhibition, without adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings support linarin as a promising safe, natural anti-allergic agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148228510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication on Disease Symptoms, Inflammation, and Quality of Life in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Non-blinded Prospective Quasi-experimental Study.","authors":"Ardalan Memar, Shahin Asgari Savadjani, Mohammad Karami Horestani, Maryam Tavakoli Chaleshtori, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani","doi":"10.2174/0127722708477210260514055305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127722708477210260514055305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We investigated the effects of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication on quality of life (QoL), pain, inflammation, and other symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, patients with RA were divided into H.pylori-positive and H. pylorinegative groups. The positive group received a 5-day eradication treatment plus standard RA treatment. The negative group received only standard RA treatment. Arthritis severity, Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28), VAS, the European Quality of Life Questionnaire (EQ-5D), Creactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were evaluated before treatment, at 4 and 8 weeks post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The H. pylori-positive group had significantly lower arthritis severity, painful joints, morning stiffness, disease activity, CRP, and ESR (p <0.05). The Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score at week 8 and pain at weeks 4 and 8 were significantly less than those of the H. pylori-positive (p <0.05). Only the HAQ score differed significantly between the groups, with greater improvement in the H. pylori-positive group. Moreover, the last component of the QoL improved significantly (all p <0.05).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>H. pylori eradication may confer additional benefits in RA, as greater improvements in inflammation, pain, functional status, and QoL were observed in the H. pylori-positive group. These results support a potential role of chronic infection in RA disease activity. More clinical trials with larger samples and longer follow-up are needed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Disease activity, pain, HAQ scores, and QoL improved for all patients, indicating the regimen's effectiveness. More pronounced improvements in the H. pylori-positive patients suggest a possible association between eradication therapy and symptom improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148228539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Anti-inflammatory Agents in Promoting Osteogenesis.","authors":"Faramarz Dargahi Kourabbaslou, Sina Sojoudi, Mehdi Dehghan, Mahsa Karkhaneh, Ali Hossein Mesgarzadeh","doi":"10.2174/0127722708438632251121022511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127722708438632251121022511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Osteogenesis, the process of new bone formation, is critical for skeletal development, repair, and remodeling. Inflammation plays a beneficial role in the early stages of wound healing. However, chronic inflammation can impair osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>While multiple reviews have discussed osteoimmunology, few have analyzed the role of anti-inflammatory agents in modulating osteogenesis across different drug classes and signaling pathways. Then, this review aims to explore the modulatory effects of antiinflammatory agents on osteogenesis and assess their therapeutic potential in bone-related disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive analysis of recent studies was conducted. The focus was on the interaction between anti-inflammatory agents and osteogenesis, bone regeneration, cytokines, inflammation, osteoblasts, bone healing, immunomodulation, and bone remodeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review found that anti-inflammatory agents, such as NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and biologics, influence osteogenesis through modulation of signaling pathways including NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, and MAPK.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These agents can either promote or inhibit bone formation depending on timing, dosage, and context. Select compounds showed promise in enhancing bone repair by reducing detrimental inflammation while preserving osteoblast function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A nuanced understanding of the interplay between inflammation and osteogenesis is essential. Targeted use of anti-inflammatory agents could improve therapeutic strategies for bone healing and regeneration, particularly in chronic inflammatory conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148144783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rosiglitazone-induced Macrophage Polarization in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Shift Toward Anti-inflammation.","authors":"Milad Ahmadaghdami, Saeed Mohammadi, Fakhri Sadat Seyedhosseini, Ali Memarian, Samaneh Tavassoli, Mohammad Esmail Nasrabadi, Ghazaleh Alizad, Yaghoub Yazdani","doi":"10.2174/0127722708448248260330175931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127722708448248260330175931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a long-term autoimmune condition resulting from a failure of immune self-regulation and skewed macrophage polarization, leading to damage to various organs. While M1 cells are the primary agents of inflammation, M2 cells are crucial for dampening the response and aiding in tissue healing. Rosiglitazone (RGZ), a PPAR-γ agonist, is widely acknowledged for its immunomodulatory effects. This study investigated the effects of RGZ on M2/M1 polarization in macrophages of SLE patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study cohort included 15 female SLE patients and 10 healthy subjects. Monocytes were obtained from their peripheral blood and differentiated ex vivo to yield monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). We analyzed macrophage polarization through three variable types, including surface protein expression (CD163 and CD86), gene transcription levels for polarization markers, and the concentrations of key cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β1, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-12).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RGZ significantly decreased CD86 and increased CD163 expression in macrophages of both normal and SLE subjects. IL-1β production was substantially suppressed in healthy subjects. However, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-10 levels showed non-significant differences. CD206 gene expression significantly increased in SLE patients.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>RGZ enhanced the CD163/CD86 and TGF-β/TNF-α ratios in both groups, with a significant increase in SLE patients. However, the changes observed in the IL-10/IL-12 ratio were not remarkable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RGZ induces anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization by suppressing M1 markers and boosting M2 markers in both healthy individuals and SLE patients, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits in autoimmune disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148144812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Bench to Bowel: A Review of Nanocarrier-based Drug Delivery Strategies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.","authors":"Jagjeet Kishor Sonant, Saumya Omre, Anupama Panday, Akhlesh Kumar Jain","doi":"10.2174/0127722708447191260218095121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127722708447191260218095121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review aims to discuss various nanocarrier systems for treatment in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a chronic, idiopathic, and relapsing-remitting condition of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by immunological dysregulation, malfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier, and excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Therefore, this review emphasises the role of nanocarrier systems in improving drug targeting, enhancing the stability of therapeutic agents, with minimal side effects, and their effectiveness in the treatment of IBD. Relevant literature was systematically searched and retrieved from reputable scientific databases, including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and SpringerLink. The selection focused on peer-reviewed articles, reviews, and experimental studies aligned with the scope of targeted drug delivery systems in IBD. In this review, we have discussed the advantages and limitations of the nanocarrier for the treatment of IBD. Treatment of IBD using nanocarriers becomes necessary because conventional therapy provides symptomatic relief but poor drug site targeting, poor bioavailability, and systemic toxicity. An advanced drug delivery carrier system is overcome through a nanocarrier system by site-specific targeting and controlled release to inflamed tissues. Drug delivery systems based on nanocarriers have a lot of promise to improve treatment efficacy, have high bioavailability, have few side effects, and target IBD specifically. Every nanocarrier method, including polymeric-based nanoparticles, liposomes, exosomes, SLN (solid lipid nanoparticles), NLC (nanostructured lipid carrier), and gold nanoparticles, has shown unique pharmacokinetic advantages and surmounted obstacles in traditional delivery systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147983578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}