Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Profile and Severity Correlation of Acute Leptospirosis in Northern India, 2019-2023: A Tertiary Care Center-based study.","authors":"Anju Dinkar, Jitendra Singh, Nilesh Kumar, Kailash Kumar, Ramanand Yadav","doi":"10.2174/0127722708436787251112233505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127722708436787251112233505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leptospirosis is a globally important zoonotic disease with substantial morbidity and mortality, yet it remains underreported in Northern India. This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence, clinical characteristics, and severity determinants of acute leptospirosis in a tertiary care setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 174 hospitalized leptospirosis patients from 20,162 admissions between 2019 and 2023. The diagnosis was established using Leptospira IgM ELISA testing. Clinical, haematological, and imaging parameters were systematically evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of leptospirosis was 0.9%, peaking at 38.5% post-monsoon. Rural residents (64.9%), males (59.2%), and individuals involved in agricultural work (62.6%) were predominantly affected. Common presentations were fever (100%), headache (70.7%), myalgia (62%), and calf pain (50%), followed by jaundice (39.7%), and reduced urine output (33.3%).. The mortality rate was 20.1%. Severity correlated significantly with nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, cough, and complications, including diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS), hepatic dysfunction, acute renal injury, and leukocytosis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings emphasize the critical need for early risk stratification and timely intervention to improve clinical outcomes. Identifying clinical and laboratory predictors of severity can significantly guide early management strategies in endemic areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Several clinical and laboratory parameters are significant predictors of leptospirosis severity. Early recognition and risk stratification based on these indicators are crucial to improving patient outcomes. Enhanced surveillance, preventive measures, and clinician awareness are urgently needed to address this neglected tropical disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146031003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IL-6 as a Potential Sensitive Serum Biomarker in Stevens-johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: Two Case Reports.","authors":"Angela Filoni, Gianfranco Calogiuri, Maurizio Congedo, Lucia Pietroleonardo, Gianluigi Conte, Francesca Petrachi, Emiliano Sordi, Ester Sofia Congedo, Eustachio Nettis, Caterina Foti","doi":"10.2174/0127722708411671251129222134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127722708411671251129222134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by several immunologic cells during inflammatory processes, showing an increased serum value in several autoimmune diseases and infections. Recently, it has been used to evaluate lung involvement in COVID-19 infection, and a specific laboratory test has been developed for such a purpose. We used IL-6 to monitor the evolution of Stevens Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in two patients.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>We observed two cases of generalized allopurinol-induced adverse cutaneous reactions, including severe hypersensitivity. Serum IL-6 measurement allowed us to evaluate the magnitude of the immune and inflammatory status of patients better than C Reactive Protein (CRP) or White Blood Cell (WBC) count and to evaluate the response to the treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although different cytokines and serum markers have been proposed for the diagnosis of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR) like SJS/TEN, they are still experimental. We were the first to use IL-6 measurement as a helpful biomarker in the diagnosis and therapeutic management.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145901241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin-24: A Versatile Regulator of Wound Healing.","authors":"Anju, Uma, Ritu, Mohit Mangla","doi":"10.2174/0127722708349928250108191556","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127722708349928250108191556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The skin, as the body's largest organ, is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and providing protection, making it susceptible to wounds from various causes. Wound healing is a complex process involving numerous cellular activities. Any interruptions can lead to chronic, non-healing wounds, which present significant challenges in healthcare. Interleukin-24 (IL-24), a cytokine within the IL-10 family, has become recognized for its significant role in wound healing due to its diverse effects on cellular processes. IL-24 can inhibit keratinocyte migration, potentially leading to chronic wounds, and promote endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis, which are vital for tissue repair. This dual role highlights IL-24's intricate involvement in wound healing, as it can hinder and aid different aspects of the process. Research indicates that IL-24 expression increases in response to inflammatory mediators and is involved in various immune responses, emphasizing its regulatory function. Further research on IL-24's mechanisms and interactions is essential for developing new therapeutic strategies to enhance tissue regeneration and treat chronic wounds and skin disorders. A deeper understanding of IL-24's functions could transform wound care, providing new approaches for effectively managing and treating conditions involving impaired healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":"8-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) Transplantation for Diabetes: Where Do We Stand?","authors":"Stefano Fiorucci, Ginevra Urbani","doi":"10.2174/0127722708452482251027091643","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127722708452482251027091643","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145551234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells or their Secretome in Diabetic Mice with or without Preconditioning Treatment.","authors":"Shivani M Desai, Ramesh R Bhonde, Addepalli Veeranjaneyulu, Avinash Sanap, Surabhi Jarare, Snehal Satpute, Omkar Janjire, Anusaya Soundankar, Niyaz Ahmed, Krushna Abhale","doi":"10.2174/0127722708323777250121224618","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127722708323777250121224618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease with difficult management, affecting the quality of life. Stem cell therapy has been proven to have regenerative ability. Using the existing stem cell therapy and modifying it, the current study aims to evaluate the effect of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSC), condition media (CM), and UCMSC and CM preconditioned with methotrexate, reservetrol, and vitamin D for its ability to manage T1DM in Swiss albino mice.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>Disease condition was established in the animals by using a diabetesinducing agent streptozotocin (STZ). Then the animals were grouped into normal control, disease control, standard, and test groups; and the treatments were given accordingly. The total study period for this experiment was 28 days. During this period, the animals were supervised for blood glucose levels, food-water intake, and body weight twice a week. At the end of 28 days, the biochemical estimations for serum insulin level, C-peptide, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and anti-inflammatory cytokines level were done. Also, histopathology of the pancreas was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The test groups showed a significant decline in the blood glucose level, an increase in C-peptide level, and a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines as compared to the disease group. A statistically significant change was not observed within the groups in terms of serum insulin and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels. There were improvements in diabetic symptoms in treatment groups, such as polyphagia, polydipsia, and weight loss. Treatment groups also showed pancreatic regeneration, indicating improved insulin secretion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the present study, we concluded that UCMSC, CM, and UCMSC and CM preconditioned with synthetic and natural immunosuppressants and immunomodulators have the ability to regenerate damaged pancreatic beta cells and have an antidiabetic activity, along with an immunomodulating effect. This therapy is a promising choice for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":"76-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Insights into Protein-based Therapies for Precision Targeting of Psoriasis.","authors":"Krishna Yadav, R Vijayalakshmi, Kantrol Kumar Sahu, Sucheta, Kushagra Nagori, Deependra Singh, Manju Rawat Singh, Madhulika Pradhan","doi":"10.2174/0127722708331606250128063129","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127722708331606250128063129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psoriasis (PsR), a chronic autoimmune disorder, affects millions of individuals globally and has a substantial impact on their quality of life. This complex condition involves intricate molecular networks and signaling pathways, making the development of effective treatments a significant challenge. Moreover, to advance treatment options, precise targeting of cells through the identification of protein biomarkers in PsR has emerged as a promising field of research for both fundamental and clinical scientists. These protein components provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of the disease and can serve as indicators of treatment response. Furthermore, by identifying specific biocomponents, researchers can develop targeted therapeutics that address the molecular abnormalities driving PsR. The use of biologics as potential targets for improving treatment efficacy is a significant focus in PsR research. Biologics, which include monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins, specifically target key molecules involved in the immune response, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL). These targeted therapies have demonstrated substantial efficacy in managing PsR by modulating the immune system and reducing inflammation. Recent advancements in moleculartargeted therapies utilizing biologics or small-molecule inhibitors have contributed to improving patient outcomes. This review aims to summarize the recent discoveries and insights regarding biocomponents and their importance in treating PsR, encompassing both its inflammatory and dermatological aspects. Furthermore, the review discusses the commercial outcomes of ongoing clinical trials for various biological-based therapeutic modalities for PsR, providing valuable insights into the evolving landscape of PsR therapeutics. These developments indicate the growing interest and investment in improving treatment options for individuals living with PsR.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":"47-75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention of Chemotherapy-related Oral Mucositis by Topical Timolol: A Prospective Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial in Cancer Patients.","authors":"Fatemeh Saghafi, Fatemeh Shaker-Ardakani, Mohsen Nabi-Meybodi, Hassan-Ali Vahedian-Ardakani, Adeleh Sahebnasagh","doi":"10.2174/0127722708312485250115052258","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127722708312485250115052258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Timolol is a beta-adrenergic blocker that has been shown to be effective in the healing of wounds. Oral mucositis (OM), an acute inflammation of the oral mucosa, is a bothersome side effect of some regimens of chemotherapy in which the oral mucosa becomes ulcerated. The current study aimed to evaluate the prophylactic effects of timolol mouthwash in preventing OM in adult patients receiving chemotherapy compared to the placebo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized, double-blind trial was conducted on 30 adult patients receiving chemotherapy regimen, including doxorubicin or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either timolol 0.5% (w/v) (n = 15) or placebo (n = 15) mouthwash 5 ml three times per day. The outcomes of the study were the intensity of OM evaluated by the World Health Organization (WHO) mucositis scale and OM-related pain based on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) weekly during the seven weeks of the study period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the study showed that the scores of WHO mucositis scale significantly decreased in the timolol group compared to the control group during the study [week 1: mean (SD), 0.02 (0.41) in the timolol group, and 0.67 (0.48) in the control group; week 7: mean (SD), 0.33 (0.61) in the timolol group, and 0.87 (0.74) in the control group; P-value = 0.049]. Moreover, the mean pain scores significantly decreased in the first, second, and third weeks in the timolol group compared to the control group (P-value < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this preliminary clinical trial demonstrated that among the patients receiving doxorubicin or 5-FU chemotherapy regimens, the preventive use of timolol mouthwash significantly diminished the severity of OM compared to the control group during the seven weeks of follow-up. The severity of pain was also significantly lower during the first three weeks of the study; however, the effect size was less than the minimal clinically important difference. Further studies are required to assess both the long-term efficacy and safety of timolol mouthwash in preventing OM.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":"89-99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bibliometric Analysis on Urticaria: Roles of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Immunity, and Treatment Modalities.","authors":"Hafiz Muhammad Zeeshan, Md Belal Bin Heyat, Arshiya Sultana, Mohd Ammar Bin Hayat, Eram Sayeed, Faijan Akhtar, Nouhayla Benkmil, Rashid Abbasi, Asmaa Sayed Abdelgeliel","doi":"10.2174/0127722708352247250121110712","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127722708352247250121110712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global research on urticaria, aiming to chart its progression, assess its relevance, and explore the roles of oxidative stress, inflammation, and immunity in its pathogenesis. Additionally, by analyzing data from PubMed and Scopus, we mapped research trends, identified leading authors and institutions, and examined global collaboration patterns. We also evaluated the impact of oxidative stress, inflammation, and immunity on urticaria and assessed the roles of both conventional and traditional medicine in its management. The results highlight the evolution of urticaria research, key contributors, thematic developments, and collaborative networks. This study offers a detailed bibliometric profile and thematic map, including insights into effective authors, prominent keywords, and significant research patterns. The findings are valuable for medical researchers, providing an updated overview of current themes and gaps, and are also beneficial for healthcare decision-makers by summarizing relevant information for strategic planning and fostering new collaborations. Additionally, the study integrates biological aspects related to urticaria with insights into traditional treatments, contributing to both research and practical management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":"17-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Spectrum of Allergic Rhinitis: Risk Factors and their Clinical Relevance.","authors":"Hari Niwas, Priyanka Bansal, Bhavani Pentela, Avijit Mazumder","doi":"10.2174/0127722708397912251001102439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127722708397912251001102439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common, chronic inflammatory disorder of the upper respiratory tract, primarily caused by exposure to environmental allergens such as pollen, dust mites, and mold. It has a substantial impact on daily life, often leading to sleep disruption, decreased productivity, and a heightened risk of asthma and other related conditions. The underlying mechanism of AR involves an IgE-mediated immune reaction, with both immediate and delayed inflammatory responses contributing to ongoing symptoms. AR can be classified into several types-seasonal, perennial, occupational, and drug-induced-which aids in its diagnosis and personalized management. Key risk factors include hereditary susceptibility, environmental pollution, and modern lifestyle factors. Diagnosis is typically based on a detailed medical history, skin prick testing, and serum IgE measurements. Treatment strategies involve the use of antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, and leukotriene receptor antagonists, complemented by allergen-specific immunotherapy and lifestyle modifications such as allergen avoidance. In recent years, advanced therapies like targeted biologics (e.g., dupilumab) and probiotic-based treatments have emerged, offering promising new avenues for patients with persistent or severe symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145348910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of IL32 Variant rs45499297 with Gingivitis and IL-32 Levels: A Cross-sectional Clinical-bioinformatics Study.","authors":"Sonia Isela Vázquez-Jiménez, Luz Andrea Martínez-Perez, Julieta Saraí Becerra-Ruiz, Grecia Denisse González-Sánchez, Angel Perez-Reyes, Fernando Martínez Esquivias, Juan Manuel Guzmán-Flores","doi":"10.2174/0127722708418796251009203141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0127722708418796251009203141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gingivitis is the initial manifestation of periodontal disease, characterized by bacteria and inflammatory mediators, such as IL-32. This study aimed to determine whether the rs45499297 genetic variant of the IL32 gene and its serum and salivary levels are associated with gingivitis. In addition, we investigated whether transcription factors bind differentially in the presence of this genetic variant.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted with 147 subjects. The rs45499297 variant was analyzed using the PCR-RFLP technique, while cytokine levels were measured using the ELISA assay. The affinity of the transcription factors in the presence of the gene variant was analyzed using bioinformatics methods. The results suggest that schooling, salivary flow, lipids, and salivary IL-32 levels were associated with gingivitis. Furthermore, the TC genotype, in the presence of obesity, conferred an increased risk of gingivitis, which was associated with lower serum IL-32 levels. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the transcriptional factor LRH1 binds with a higher affinity to the C allele than to the T allele of the studied genetic variant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings of this study demonstrate the multifactorial nature of gingivitis, wherein the interplay between genetics and obesity serves as a regulatory factor in inflammation and periodontal risk. The preferential binding of LRH1 to the C allele suggests a molecular link between the genetic variant, inflammatory dysregulation, and the altered metabolic environment in obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data show that the rs45499297 gene variant is only associated with gingivitis in the presence of obesity and affects serum cytokine levels. Additionally, we identified the potential involvement of LRH1 in regulating the IL-32 gene expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":29815,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145348909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}