Bo Liu , Xiaolu Liu , Yang Li , Muliang Xiao , Zhongshan Chen , Suhua Wang , Hongqing Wang , Xiangke Wang
{"title":"Piezocatalytic techniques and materials for degradation of organic pollutants from aqueous solution","authors":"Bo Liu , Xiaolu Liu , Yang Li , Muliang Xiao , Zhongshan Chen , Suhua Wang , Hongqing Wang , Xiangke Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of industry, agriculture, and urbanization, various organic pollutants have accumulated in natural water, posing a potential threat to both the ecological environment and human beings, and removing organic pollutants from water is an urgent priority. Piezoelectric techniques, with the advantages of green, simple operation, and high efficiency, are highly sought after in the degradation of environmental organic pollutants. Moreover, combining piezoelectric techniques with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), photocatalysis, or electrocatalysis can further effectively promote the efficient degradation of target pollutants. Therefore, a perspective is presented on the recent progress of piezoelectric techniques for the degradation of various organic pollutants from aqueous solutions. The classification of various piezoelectric materials, as well as modification strategies for improving piezocatalysis, are first systematically summarized. Furthermore, the latest research on piezocatalysis and its combination with other technologies, such as AOPs, photocatalysis, and electrocatalysis, in the degradation of environmental pollutants is discussed. The potential mechanisms of piezocatalysis are also analyzed in depth. Finally, the urgent challenges and future opportunities for piezoelectric techniques in the degradation of organic pollutants are provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29813,"journal":{"name":"Eco-Environment & Health","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 418-424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linling Yu , Wei Liu , Yongfang Zhang , Qiyou Tan , Jiahao Song , Lieyang Fan , Xiaojie You , Min Zhou , Bin Wang , Weihong Chen
{"title":"Styrene and ethylbenzene exposure and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A longitudinal gene–environment interaction study","authors":"Linling Yu , Wei Liu , Yongfang Zhang , Qiyou Tan , Jiahao Song , Lieyang Fan , Xiaojie You , Min Zhou , Bin Wang , Weihong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Styrene and ethylbenzene (S/EB) are identified as hazardous air contaminants that raise significant concerns. The association between S/EB exposure and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the interaction between genes and environment, remains poorly understood. Our study consisted of 2219 Chinese adults who were part of the Wuhan-Zhuhai cohort. A follow-up assessment was conducted after six years. Exposure to S/EB was quantified by determining the concentrations of urinary biomarkers of exposure to S/EB (UBE-S/EB; urinary phenylglyoxylic acid level plus urinary mandelic acid level). Logistic regression models were constructed to investigate the relations of UBE-S/EB and genetic risk score (GRS) with T2DM prevalence and incidence. The interaction effects of UBE-S/EB and GRS on T2DM were investigated on multiplicative and additive scales. UBE-S/EB was dose-dependently and positively related to T2DM prevalence and incidence. Participants with high levels of UBE-S/EB [relative risk (RR) = 1.930, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.157–3.309] or GRS (1.943, 1.110–3.462) demonstrated the highest risk of incident T2DM, in comparison to those with low levels of UBE-S/EB or GRS. Significant additive interaction between UBE-S/EB and GRS on T2DM incidence was discovered with relative excess risk due to interaction (95% CI) of 0.178 (0.065–0.292). The RR (95% CI) of T2DM incidence was 2.602 (1.238–6.140) for individuals with high UBE-S/EB and high GRS, compared to those with low UBE-S/EB and low GRS. This study presented the initial evidence that S/EB exposure was significantly related to increased risk of T2DM incidence, and the relationship was interactively aggravated by genetic predisposition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29813,"journal":{"name":"Eco-Environment & Health","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 452-457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yichen Xu , Yutong Zhang , Longlong Qiu , Ming Zhang , Jiaojiao Yang , Rong Ji , Davide Vione , Zhanghao Chen , Cheng Gu
{"title":"Photochemical behavior of dissolved organic matter in environmental surface waters: A review","authors":"Yichen Xu , Yutong Zhang , Longlong Qiu , Ming Zhang , Jiaojiao Yang , Rong Ji , Davide Vione , Zhanghao Chen , Cheng Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an important group of widespread organic substances in aquatic ecosystems, dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an essential role in carbon recycling and transformation processes. The photochemical behavior of DOM is one of the main ways it participates in these processes, and it attracts extensive attention. However, due to a variety of sources and water conditions, including both freshwater and seawater environments, the photochemical properties of DOM exhibit great differences. Nowadays, a large number of studies have focused on the generation process of reactive species (RS) from sunlit DOM, while little effort has been made so far to provide a comprehensive summary of the photochemical behavior of DOM, especially in fresh and saline aquatic ecosystems. In this review, we analyzed the research hotspot on DOM photochemistry over the last 30 years, summarizing the generation of photoreactive species in natural water environments containing DOM (both freshwater and seawater) and listing the main factors affecting the rate, yield, and species of RS photoproduction. Compared with freshwater, seawater has unique characteristics such as high pH value, high ionic strength, and halide ions, which affect the photogeneration of RS, the photoconversion process, as well as the reaction pathways of various environmental substances. In general, DOM-induced surface water photochemistry has important impacts on the environmental transformation and toxic effects of aquatic pollutants and can even contribute significantly to the Earth’s carbon cycle, which would have potential implications for both human and ecological health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29813,"journal":{"name":"Eco-Environment & Health","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 529-542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141714484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuangyu Wu , Jian Peng , Stephanie Ling Jie Lee , Xiaoqing Niu , Yue Jiang , Sijie Lin
{"title":"Let the two sides of the same coin meet—Environmental health and safety-oriented development of functional nanomaterials for environmental remediations","authors":"Shuangyu Wu , Jian Peng , Stephanie Ling Jie Lee , Xiaoqing Niu , Yue Jiang , Sijie Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanotechnology and engineered nanomaterials have been at the forefront of technological breakthroughs of the 21st century. With the challenges of increasingly complex and emergent environmental pollution, nanotechnology offers exciting complementary approaches to achieve high efficiencies with low or green energy input. However, unknown and unintended hazardous effects and health risks associated with nanotechnology hinder its full-scale implementation. Therefore, the development of safer nanomaterials lies in the critical balance between the applications and implications of nanomaterials. To facilitate constructive dialogue between the two sides (<em>i.e.,</em> applications and implications) of the same coin, this review sets forth to summarize the current progress of the environmental applications of nanomaterials and establish the structure–property-functionality relationship. A systematic analysis of the structure–property-toxicity relationship is also provided to advocate the Safe and Sustainable-by-Design strategy for nanomaterials. Lastly, the review also discusses the future of artificial intelligence-assisted environmental health and safety-oriented development of nanomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29813,"journal":{"name":"Eco-Environment & Health","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 494-504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emergency of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in drinking water: Status, regulation, and mitigation strategies in developing countries","authors":"Adewale Adewuyi , Qilin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The detection of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water presents a significant challenge for developing countries, requiring urgent attention. This review focuses on understanding the emergence of PFAS in drinking water, health concerns, and removal strategies for PFAS in water systems in developing countries. This review indicates the need for more studies to be conducted in many developing nations due to limited information on the environmental status and fate of PFAS. The health consequences of PFAS in water are enormous and cannot be overemphasized. Efforts are ongoing to legislate a national standard for PFAS in drinking water. Currently, there are few known mitigation efforts from African countries, in contrast to several developing nations in Asia. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop economically viable techniques that could be integrated into large-scale operations to remove PFAS from water systems in the region. However, despite the success achieved with removing long-chain PFAS from water, more studies are required on strategies for eliminating short-chain moieties in water.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29813,"journal":{"name":"Eco-Environment & Health","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 355-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772985024000498/pdfft?md5=c072a0dbaa7f59500f4c8b4edbd05a29&pid=1-s2.0-S2772985024000498-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142089714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ye Li , Xiaoyu Sha , Yuan Wang , Yanfang Zhao , Junjie Zhang , Ping Wang , Xiangfeng Chen , Baoshan Xing , Lei Wang
{"title":"In situ imaging of microplastics in living organisms based on mass spectrometry technology","authors":"Ye Li , Xiaoyu Sha , Yuan Wang , Yanfang Zhao , Junjie Zhang , Ping Wang , Xiangfeng Chen , Baoshan Xing , Lei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic pollution is widely present in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and microplastics (MPs) can be detected in organisms. <em>In situ</em> detection methods for MPs in organisms have attracted widespread attention. Traditional imaging characterization methods of MPs, including stereo microscopes and fluorescence microscopy, are typically used to image artificially added microsphere standards under laboratory conditions. However, they cannot specifically identify MPs in biological samples. Thus, there is a need for a detection technique that can provide spatial distribution information of MPs in biological samples as well as measure their quality and quantity. In this perspective, to obtain high-resolution images with chemical composition analysis, we compared ion sources for ionizing plastic macromolecules and mass analyzers for analyzing macromolecules. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is suitable for imaging characterization, while time-of-flight (TOF) and Orbitrap mass spectrometry are suitable for polymer mass spectrometry analysis. Furthermore, we propose a technique that combines MALDI with TOF or Orbitrap, which holds promise for the <em>in situ</em> imaging of MPs in biological samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29813,"journal":{"name":"Eco-Environment & Health","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 412-417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chao Guo , Shiwen Hu , Pengfei Cheng, Kuan Cheng, Yang Yang, Guojun Chen, Qi Wang, Ying Wang, Tongxu Liu
{"title":"Speciation and biogeochemical behavior of perfluoroalkyl acids in soils and their environmental implications: A review","authors":"Chao Guo , Shiwen Hu , Pengfei Cheng, Kuan Cheng, Yang Yang, Guojun Chen, Qi Wang, Ying Wang, Tongxu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are emerging organic pollutants that have attracted significant attention in the fields of environmental chemistry and toxicology. Although PFAAs are pervasive in soils and sediments, there is a paucity of research regarding their environmental forms and driving mechanisms. This review provides an overview of the classification and biotoxicity of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), organic pollutant forms, PFAS extraction and analytical methods, the prediction of PFAS distribution in soils, and current PFAS remediation strategies. Four predominant PFAA forms have been proposed in soils: (i) aqueous-extracted PFAAs, (ii) organic-solvent extracted PFAAs, (iii) embedded or sequestered PFAAs, and (iv) covalently bound PFAAs. Furthermore, it suggests suitable extraction methods and predictive models for different PFAA forms, which are instrumental in the research on PFAA speciation and prediction in soils. Simultaneously, it was proposed that elemental cycling and microbial activity may affect the speciation of PFAS. Additionally, the categorization of PFAA forms facilitated the analysis of pollution remediation. Understanding the interplay between PFAA speciation, element cycling, and bacterial activity during soil remediation is essential for understanding remediation mechanisms and assessing the long-term stability of remediation methods. Future studies should expand the investigation of varying PFAA forms in different media, consider the potential binding forms of PFAAs to minerals, organic matter, and microbes, and evaluate the possible mechanisms of PFAA speciation variation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29813,"journal":{"name":"Eco-Environment & Health","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 505-515"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141409451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence risk of various arrhythmias: A prospective cohort study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the association of long-term exposure to air pollution with incident arrhythmia from various causes, this prospective cohort study included 442,386 participants from the UK Biobank cohort. Residential annual average exposures at baseline were evaluated, including fine particles (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), coarse particles (PM<sub>2.5–10</sub>), nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>), and nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>). We further constructed a composite air pollution score (APS) to evaluate the concomitant exposure to these four pollutants. The associations of air pollutants with various arrhythmia subtypes were assessed utilizing the Cox proportional hazards model, and the hazard ratios (HRs) for incident arrhythmias were estimated. A total of 41,021 patients with incident arrhythmia were recorded. The HRs of overall arrhythmia associated with a 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> increment in PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>2.5–10</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, and NO<sub>x</sub> were 1.26, 0.95, 1.03, and 1.02, respectively. The HR was 1.08 in the highest quintile of the APS compared to the lowest one. For cause-specific arrhythmias, the HRs per unit increment in APS were 1.45, 1.67, 1.51, 1.80, 2.63, and 4.66 for atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular block, ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia, intraventricular block, supraventricular tachycardia, and ventricular premature beats, respectively. Females, older individuals, overweight or obese individuals, and those with low education attainment, low income, or cardiometabolic morbidities had higher HRs associated with pollutants. Long-term exposure to air pollution is linked to increased incidence risks of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. More focus should be shifted to the impact of air pollution on other arrhythmias besides atrial fibrillation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29813,"journal":{"name":"Eco-Environment & Health","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 445-451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141415537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing bioactivity of environmental water samples filtered using nanomembrane technology and mammalian cell lines","authors":"Sarah E. Morgan , Lisa A. DeLouise","doi":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This project reports on the use of a novel nanomembrane filtering technology to isolate and analyze the bioactivity of microplastic (MP)-containing debris from Lake Ontario water samples. Environmental MPs are a complex mixture of polymers and sorbed chemicals that are persistent and can exhibit a wide range of toxic effects. Since human exposure to MPs is unavoidable, it is necessary to characterize their bioactivity to assess potential health risks. This work seeks to quantify MP presence in the nearshore waters of Lake Ontario and begin to characterize the bioactivity of the filtrate containing MPs. We utilized silicon nitride (SiN) nanomembrane technology to isolate debris sized between 8 and 20 μm from lake water samples collected at various times and locations. MPs were identified with Nile red staining. Cell-based assays were conducted directly on the filtered debris to test for cell viability, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activity, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels as a measure of proinflammatory response. All samples contained MPs. None of the isolated debris impacted cell viability. However, AhR activity and IL-6 levels varied over time. Additionally, no associations were observed between the amount of plastic and bioactivity. Observed differences in activity are likely due to variations in the physiochemical properties of debris between samples. Our results highlight the need for increased sampling to fully characterize the bioactivity of MPs in human cells and to elucidate the role that sample physiochemical and spatiotemporal properties play in this activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29813,"journal":{"name":"Eco-Environment & Health","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 347-354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772985024000450/pdfft?md5=29bd23b5241cc8c21143e08879295925&pid=1-s2.0-S2772985024000450-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142083329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jia Jia , Qian Liu , E. Zhao , Xin Li , Xiong Xiong , Chenxi Wu
{"title":"Biofilm formation on microplastics and interactions with antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes and pathogens in aquatic environment","authors":"Jia Jia , Qian Liu , E. Zhao , Xin Li , Xiong Xiong , Chenxi Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments easily support biofilm development, which can interact with other environmental pollutants and act as harbors for microorganisms. Recently, numerous studies have investigated the fate and behavior of MP biofilms in aquatic environments, highlighting their roles in the spread of pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to aquatic organisms and new habitats. The prevalence and effects of MP biofilms in aquatic environments have been extensively investigated in recent decades, and their behaviors in aquatic environments need to be synthesized systematically with updated information. This review aims to reveal the development of MP biofilm and its interactions with antibiotics, ARGs, and pathogens in aquatic environments. Recent research has shown that the adsorption capabilities of MPs to antibiotics are enhanced after the biofilm formation, and the adsorption of biofilms to antibiotics is biased towards chemisorption. ARGs and microorganisms, especially pathogens, are selectively enriched in biofilms and significantly different from those in surrounding waters. MP biofilm promotes the propagation of ARGs through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and vertical gene transfer (VGT) and induces the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, resulting in increased threats to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Some future research needs and strategies in this review are also proposed to better understand the antibiotic resistance induced by MP biofilms in aquatic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29813,"journal":{"name":"Eco-Environment & Health","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 516-528"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141138273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}