ACS Applied Optical Materials最新文献

{"title":"All-Optical Broadband Terahertz Modulator Based on CsPbX3(X = Cl, Br) Perovskite Quantum Dots Heterostructure","authors":"Reyihanguli Tudi,&nbsp;Shuhan Li,&nbsp;Minjie Zhou,&nbsp;Zhongxin Zhang,&nbsp;Bumaliya Abulimiti* and Mei Xiang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.5c00178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaom.5c00178","url":null,"abstract":"<p >All-optical THz heterojunction modulators have gained significant attention to meet the demanding requirements of next-generation wireless communication technologies. Self-powered heterojunction photodetectors have high separation and utilization of photoinduced charge carriers even without external power sources. This high efficiency separation is attributed to the built-in electric field between heterojunction layers, a crucial factor for all-optical THz heterojunction modulators. However, CsPbX₃/Si heterojunctions exhibit excellent optical and electrical properties, positioning them as promising candidates for high-performance all-optical terahertz (THz) modulators. Here, the perovskite quantum dots CsPbCl₃/Si and CsPbBr₃/Si are studied to achieve broadband modulation (0.3–1.6THz) at low laser power based on all-optically controlled terahertz modulators, with modulation depths of 81% and 70%, respectively, and the bare silicon exceeds this by 8 times. The results suggest that self-powered photodetectors could serve as a promising source for high-performance terahertz modulators. Additionally, THz-TDS emerges as a sensitive and noncontact technique for evaluating the performance of photodetectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"1721–1730"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive Gradient-Index Optics via Liquid Crystals on UV-Treated Polyimide Layer with Programmable Pretilt Pattern","authors":"Yuji Tsukamoto*,&nbsp;Hiroto Maeda,&nbsp;Naoki Kawahara,&nbsp;Takashi Saitou,&nbsp;Ryotaro Ozaki and Masanori Ozaki,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.5c00196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaom.5c00196","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Patterned surface conditions designed through self-organization at the environmental interface of soft matter systems, such as liquid crystals (LCs), are critically important for advancing engineering applications. In this study, we develop a fabrication method and experimentally demonstrate adaptive gradient refractive index optics, using by LCs aligned on ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated polyimide films with a programmable pretilt pattern. To verify the Friedel–Creagh–Kmetz (FCK) rule, which states that the pretilt angle of LCs dep-ends on the surface free energy of the substrate, we evaluated the surface free energy of UV-irradiated polyimide films, breaking it down into each component of intermolecular interaction. The results suggest that the polar component of the intermolecular interaction in the alignment layer plays a key role in determining the pretilt angle. We successfully demonstrated the formation of distinct linear and periodic retardation distributions by spatially controlling the UV irradiation time using a slit mask. The linearity of the retardation profile is preserved under the applied voltage. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the transmitted light is deflected by the LC device and that the diffraction angle can be electrically controlled. These results pave the way for the development of electrically tunable flat optics capable of real-time spatial modulation and mechano-free operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"1746–1756"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Organic Wireless Stimulator for Optoelectronic Control of a Single Cell","authors":"Aleksandr Markov,&nbsp;Elena Iusupovskaia,&nbsp;Nikita Isaev,&nbsp;Alexander Gerasimenko,&nbsp;Andrei V. Zvyagin*,&nbsp;Evgeny V. Khaydukov and Dmitry Telyshev,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.5c00172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaom.5c00172","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A lofty vision in the bioelectronic field is photoelectrical addressability at the single-cell level realized by means of miniature light-driven stimulation devices capable to elicit a sufficient action potential, which remains unmet by the state-of-the-art technology. Here, we report an optical wireless cell stimulator based on the combination of stable biocompatible multilayered organic semiconductors and PEDOT:PSS, an electroactive polymer formulation exhibiting superior ionic charge accumulation commonly used for device interconnection. Unconventional sandwiching of PEDOT:PSS between the organic semiconductor layers resulted in a remarkable increase of the charge density 3-fold in comparison with the state-of-the-art single-junction devices. The performance of our several PEDOT:PSS-sandwiched devices was tested using single-cell electrophysiology measurements of <i>Xenopus laevis</i> oocytes and compared with a relevant numerical model. A photoinduced opening of the voltage-gated K⁺ channels occurring at the excitation light intensity level 10–100 times lower than that of the conventional single-junction devices was demonstrated. Our miniature light-driven stimulation device significantly outperforms the existing devices, paving the way for the generation of organic photovoltaic devices, such as wireless retinal implants with electrooptical response operated well below the maximum permissible exposure limit.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"1705–1715"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene Heaters for Tunable Mach–Zehnder Interferometers in Silicon Photonics at the C-Band Wavelength","authors":"Jens Samland,&nbsp;Bárbara Canto,&nbsp;Martin Otto,&nbsp;Holger Lerch,&nbsp;Jens Bolten,&nbsp;Stephan Suckow,&nbsp;Thorsten Wahlbrink and Max C. Lemme*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.5c00185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaom.5c00185","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Graphene micro heaters for thermally tunable photonic devices have great potential to improve the performance of Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZI), because their low optical absorption allows placing them close to the photonic waveguides. In this work, we study MZI switches on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform operated with graphene heaters at C-band wavelengths. We experimentally realize two different heater designs, vary the heater geometry of each design, investigate the switch performance, and compare it to state-of-the-art simulations. The best devices exhibit a <i>P</i>_πτ = 16 mW · 17 μs = 272 mW·μs and an extinction ratio of 28 dB. Our study demonstrates a precise and reliable fabrication process for graphene heaters with different geometry whose behavior can be well predicted with simulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"1739–1745"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppression of the Coffee-Ring Effect for Photonic Structures Based on the Shape of Particles","authors":"Garima Hirekar,&nbsp;Sehyun Shin,&nbsp;Appurva Tiwari,&nbsp;Vemoori Raju,&nbsp;Saubhagya Singh,&nbsp;Yong Bin Bang,&nbsp;Seong Jae Lee* and Ashish Kumar Thokchom*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.5c00166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaom.5c00166","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The evaporation of colloidal sessile droplets is widely studied for the fabrication of micro- and nanoscale structures with applications in photonics, sensing, and functional coatings. When spherical particles are used, the process typically results in a coffee-ring effect (CRE), driven by capillary outward flow. A well-established strategy to counteract the CRE involves leveraging shape-dependent capillary meniscus forces (CMFs), which promote the formation of interfacial films and enable more uniform particle deposition. Despite the progress, the role of anisotropic particles in forming photonic microstructures during evaporation remains insufficiently understood. This study investigates the influence of CMFs induced by particle shape on the formation of structurally colored photonic assemblies. Unlike spherical particles, ellipsoidal particles effectively suppress the CRE and enable uniform deposition with a structural color. The photonic properties of the resulting structures are strongly dependent on the aspect ratio (α) of the ellipsoidal particles. Ellipsoidal particles with lower α values form well-ordered, in-plane-packed structures that retain vivid structural coloration. In contrast, higher α values lead to more random arrangements, diminishing the photonic characteristics. Furthermore, the inclusion of small fractions of ellipsoidal particles in a droplet primarily composed of spherical particles facilitates the formation of photonic structures. This work demonstrates the use of monodispersed ellipsoidal particles and mixtures of spherical particles with ellipsoidal particles as colloidal inks for the fabrication of photonic structures. The findings underscore the crucial role of particle shape and composition in determining the optical properties of colloidal assemblies, thereby bridging the gap between fundamental studies on CRE suppression and the practical realization of photonic crystal-based materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"1696–1704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrically Tunable Geometric-Phase Optical Element with Hybrid Retardation and Subwavelength Pixel Size Enabled by Metasurface-Induced Liquid Crystal Patterning","authors":"Xin Chang,&nbsp;Mike Pivnenko,&nbsp;Weijie Wu,&nbsp;Yayan Tan,&nbsp;Pawan Shrestha* and Daping Chu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.5c00177","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsaom.5c00177","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this work, we present an electrically tunable hybrid geometric phase optical element (GPOE) at a telecommunication wavelength with the geometric phase jointly imparted by a liquid crystal (LC) layer and the embedded metasurface. A geometric phase (GP) grating was demonstrated both numerically and experimentally, achieving a voltage-switchable diffraction efficiency ranging from 8% to 56% at 1550 nm. Notably, LC patterning was induced exclusively by the spatially varying metasurface with a metaatom period of 800 nm, enabling the realization of LC-GPOEs with a subwavelength pixel size. Furthermore, the metasurface can be purposely designed to provide dynamic light modulation by leveraging LC-mediated resonance tuning of the metasurface, which paves the way for advanced optoelectronic devices. In this work, a halfwave condition was realized through the propagation phase and the resonance phase, which were provided by the LC and metasurface, respectively. As a result, the LC-GPOEs can be made very thin compared with conventional LC-GPOEs. Eventually, the proposed device was able to work with a switching frequency exceeding 110 Hz.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"3 7","pages":"1607–1612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12305657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transparent Projection Film Based on Light Scattering by Polyacrylate Nanoparticles Formed in Poly(vinyl alcohol)","authors":"Tomohiro Mori*,&nbsp;Akane Saito,&nbsp;Tsuyoshi Masuda,&nbsp;Hitoshi Saomoto and Takeshi Mori*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.5c00170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaom.5c00170","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Projection-based transparent displays are promising for spatial presentation applications. Nanocomposites can improve the display efficiency, yet aggregation of the nanoparticles in the polymer matrix during film preparation degrades the transmittance. Herein, a transparent projection film comprising highly dispersed oblate spheroidal polyacrylate nanoparticles in water-soluble poly(vinyl alcohol) as the matrix is presented. The nanoparticles form by phase separation owing to their insolubility in the matrix. The film has a total transmittance of &gt;91% and haze of &gt;10%. The properties and scattering characteristics of the nanoparticles are investigated to understand their optical behavior. The hydrophile–lipophile balance concept is a crucial factor for determining the acceptable range of nanoparticle formation. The highly transparent and low-cost film projects vivid images and is applicable to transparent projection-based displays such as digital art.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"3 7","pages":"1477–1482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144806391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Luminescent Material for Multikey Static and Dynamic Anticounterfeiting and Information Encryption","authors":"Shruti Sajwan,&nbsp;Malika Singhal,&nbsp;Pradeep Kumar Vishwakarma,&nbsp;Naveen Chauhan and Sunil Kumar Singh*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.5c00138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaom.5c00138","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Current static luminescent anticounterfeiting techniques exhibit limited security efficacy, highlighting an urgent demand for more advanced anticounterfeiting technologies. In this study, we present a persistent luminescent material, Zn_2.95Ga₂SnO₈:Cr³⁺/Ho³⁺/Yb³⁺, which additionally demonstrates upconversion (UC) emission capabilities. The multifaceted emission characteristics of this material were utilized to create a high-concealment information encryption-decryption label. Our investigation indicates that the persistent luminescence (PersL) is attributable to the presence of suitably positioned traps within the phosphor matrix. Importantly, the phosphor also exhibits near-infrared (NIR) excited PersL, resulting from energy transfer processes between Ho³⁺ and Cr³⁺ ions. We successfully showcased the potential for dynamic anticounterfeiting and dual-mode information encryption-decryption by integrating this versatile material into anticounterfeiting patterns. The capacity to excite these phosphors using cost-effective UVA flashlights, combined with the visibility of their emissions to the naked eye and standard smartphone cameras, underscores their viability for large-scale applications in anticounterfeiting and secure information technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"3 7","pages":"1535–1546"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144806444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurate, Multimode, and Lock-In Free ATR Detection of Benchmark Electro-Optical Materials","authors":"Danning Lyu,&nbsp;Di Zhang and Jingdong Luo*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.5c00209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaom.5c00209","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The prism-coupled attenuated total reflection (ATR) technique has recently been revitalized for measuring the electro-optical (EO) properties of poled polymers. In this study, the technique is optimized to evaluate the optical and EO properties of thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) and a benchmark poled polymer. The differential reflectivity (Δ<i>R</i>) in ATR modes contains significantly overlapping peak regions with both large first (<i>R</i>′) and second (<i>R</i>″) derivatives over the effective refractive index (<i>N</i>_eff) range on the order of 10^–4. While large <i>R</i>′ and <i>R</i>″ are essential for obtaining quantitative Δ<i>R</i> with low noise, thereby achieving high sensitivity and accuracy of EO measurement, their spectral coalescence is detrimental, especially in a range comparable to or smaller than the index changes of EO materials. To overcome this challenge, a multimode, frequency selective, lock-in free ATR measurement was implemented on a 5.5 μm TFLN on silicon and a poled polymer on ITO glass. For EO analysis at low frequencies, broader modes with lower <i>N</i>_effs, dominated by <i>R</i>′, were selected. For sharp modes with higher <i>N</i>_effs, high-frequency measurements beyond the Nyquist limit isolate the EO effect in the <i>R</i>″-only region. This protocol exerts a unique pull-push-pull force to tune evanescent field coupling and split the ATR mode into a distinct doublet mode, separated exactly by twice the index change. Comprehensive analysis of these measurements gave consistent Pockels coefficients for both TFLN and the EO polymer, including results from traditional Taylor linear approximation and an improved model that accounts for mode splitting and broadening using a Gaussian model.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"3 7","pages":"1637–1650"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsaom.5c00209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144806416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting the Photoelectrochemical Activity of TiO2-Au Films by Harvesting Infrared Photons with a Li-Codoped NaYF4:Yb,Er Upconversion Layer","authors":"Kamila Zhumanova,&nbsp;Darya Goponenko,&nbsp;Almaz R. Beisenbayev,&nbsp;Chang-Keun Lim,&nbsp;Yoon-Hwae Hwang and Timur Sh. Atabaev*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.5c00139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaom.5c00139","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Conventional solar-harnessing devices have limited ability to capture photons in the infrared (IR) region, necessitating the introduction of additional methods to minimize these light harvesting losses. In this study, we first investigated the effects of Li element codoping on the upconversion (UC) properties of NaYF₄:Yb,Er nanoparticles (NPs) prepared by a thermal decomposition method. It was shown that UC quantum yield (QY) of optimal Li-codoped NaYF₄:Yb,Er NPs was enhanced to ∼4.54 times, resulting in more intense UC emission. Next, we investigated the ability of UC NPs combined with the plasmonic properties of gold NPs to convert near-infrared (NIR) light into visible light, thereby increasing the absorption range and photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity efficiency of TiO₂ thin films. A chronoamperometry study revealed that UC NPs can improve the IR light harvesting ability of TiO₂-Au thin films, resulting in a photocurrent density enhancement of around 21.1 and 36.3% for NaYF₄:Yb,Er NPs and Li-codoped NaYF₄:Yb,Er NPs, respectively. Our findings underscore the potential of UC materials with improved optical properties in expanding light absorption of solar-harnessing devices in the IR range.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"3 7","pages":"1547–1555"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsaom.5c00139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144806142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}