ACS Applied Optical Materials最新文献

{"title":"P-Type Ni-Doped α-GaCrO3 (α-GaCrO3:Ni) Thin Films: Investigations of Structural, Optical, and Electronic Properties for Hole Transport Layer and Transparent Photodetector Applications","authors":"Prabhat Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Rishav Sharma,&nbsp;Himanshu Srivastava,&nbsp;Salahuddin Khan,&nbsp;Mangla Nand,&nbsp;Arijeet Das,&nbsp;Sanjay Kumar Rai,&nbsp;Rupesh Devan,&nbsp;Ravindra Jangir","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.6c00341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaom.6c00341","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nickel-doped gallium chromium oxide (α-GaCrO₃:Ni)thin films were investigated for their potential application as holetransport layers (HTLs) in perovskite solar cells and as p-type transparentconducting oxide (TCO) in p–n junction-based photodetectors.Epitaxial α-GaCrO₃:Ni thin films were deposited onsapphire substrates by RF magnetron sputtering under varying oxygenpartial pressures, and their structural quality was determined byX-ray diffraction measurements. The film grown at 20% oxygen partialpressure exhibited lowest ω-scan full width at half maxima (fwhm)values of ∼330 arcsec for the out-of-plane (0006) diffractionpeak and ∼1855 arcsec for the in-plane (20–28) diffractionpeak. Optical characterization of the film revealed a large opticalband gap of 4.1 eV and exhibited an average transparency of more than70%. Photoelectron spectroscopy measurements confirmed a high ionizationenergy of 5.7 eV for the thin films, which is well aligned with theperovskite active layer having deep valence band maxima (VBM) likeMaPbBr₃ and CsPbBr₃. Atomic force microscopyand X-ray reflectivity analyses confirmed two-dimensional film growthwith smooth surfaces and interfaces. Transmission electron microscopyreveals a sharp and well-defined film–substrate interface.P-type conductivity of the thin film was confirmed by Seebeck measurements,while <em>I</em>–<em>V</em> measurement withplatinum (Pt) contacts demonstrated Ohmic behavior at room temperature.These findings suggest that its structural suitability for n-typetransparent conducting oxides (TCOs) integration and the alignmentof work function with the perovskite having deep VBM makes it a prominentcandidate as a HTL in solar cells and p-type TCO for p–n junctionphotodetectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"4 8","pages":"2443–2453"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148858970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning Luminescence and Photothermal Response in Laser-Fabricated SiC–Ru Nanostructures through the SiC/Ru Mixing Ratio","authors":"Yury V. Ryabchikov,&nbsp;Svetlana Zolotovskaya,&nbsp;Amin Abdolvand","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.6c00246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaom.6c00246","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nanostructured materials are widely explored for optical,sensing,bioimaging, nanothermometry, and photothermal applications. However,they are typically optimized for a single functionality, limitingtheir multimodal performance. Here, we investigate the influence ofthe SiC/Ru mixing ratio on the optical and photothermal propertiesof SiC–Ru nanostructures fabricated via laser cofragmentation.All nanoparticles exhibit strong blue-violet emission (∼425nm) under UV excitation, with emission intensity decreasing (up to∼5.4-fold at a 1:4 SiC/Ru ratio) as the Ru fraction in theprecursor mixture increases. Concurrently, the photothermal behaviorunder IR femtosecond laser irradiation is markedly enhanced with therise in temperature, which reaches ∼22.4 °C (1:4 SiC/Ruratio) for Ru-rich samples compared to ∼5.5 °C for pristineSiC. These trends reveal changes in photoluminescence and photothermalresponse as a function of the SiC/Ru mixing ratio. In addition, thenanoparticles influence rhodamine 6G photoluminescence, with the observedchanges depending on the SiC/Ru ratio and differing from those inducedby dilution with water alone. Overall, this work demonstrates lasercofragmentation as a versatile approach for tuning the optical andphotothermal performance of semiconductor–metal nanostructures.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"4 8","pages":"2302–2312"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectral Dispersion of Effective Second-Order Susceptibility in Monolayer WS2, WSe2, MoS2, and MoSe2 on Bare Glass: A Systematic Comparison for Nonlinear Photonics","authors":"Nils Bernhardt,&nbsp;Miguel Y. Bacaoco,&nbsp;Yong Quan Chee,&nbsp;Jay Guo,&nbsp;Md Shakhawath Hossain,&nbsp;Nhat Minh Nguyen,&nbsp;Toan Trong Tran,&nbsp;Sajid Ali,&nbsp;Nikhil Medhekar,&nbsp;Markus R. Wagner,&nbsp;Alexander S. Solntsev","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.6c00257","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsaom.6c00257","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides are promisingnonlinearoptical materials for metasurfaces, integrated photonics, and multiphotonimaging, but their second-order nonlinear response is highly sensitiveto excitation wavelength, substrate, and passivation environment.As a result, reported values of second-order nonlinear susceptibilityare difficult to compare directly. Here, we provide a self-consistentbare glass benchmark of the effective second-order susceptibilitydispersion, |χ<span><span>²_eff</span></span>(λ)|, for mechanically exfoliated WS₂, WSe₂, MoS₂, and MoSe₂ monolayers. Usingcalibrated femtosecond second-harmonic microscopy over an 800–900nm pump range, with photoluminescence verification of monolayer quality,we compare the four materials under identical preparation and fixedlaboratory polarization measurement conditions. The tungsten-basedmonolayers show an increasing nonlinear response with pump energywithin most of the measured range, whereas the molybdenum-based monolayersshow the opposite trend and a weaker overall response under thesebare glass substrate conditions. These material-dependent dispersionsare consistent with C-type excitonic and band-nesting resonances andare qualitatively supported by density functional theory calculations.Comparison with previous broadband reports further shows that substrateand passivation conditions can shift resonances and alter the effectivenonlinear response. This work establishes an internally consistentbenchmark for selecting transition metal dichalcogenides and excitationwavelengths in glass- and silica-compatible nonlinear photonic, meta-optical,and multiphoton imaging platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"4 7","pages":"2180–2187"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148650862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defect-Engineered NaTb(MoO4)2: Linking Structural Distortion to Enhanced Green Emission and Formaldehyde Sensing","authors":"Tanushri Das,&nbsp;Kumar Riddhiman Sahoo,&nbsp;Mrinal Pal,&nbsp;Chandan Kumar Ghosh","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.6c00219","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsaom.6c00219","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The structural–property correlationin defect-engineeredmultifunctional oxides offers a promising strategy for tuning optoelectronicand sensing performance. Here, scheelite-type NaTb(MoO₄)₂ nanoparticles were synthesized via a controlled hydrothermalroute to modulate the defect concentration in the system. Defect stateshave been utilized to engineer ⁵D₄ → ⁷F₅ transitions, which in consequence enhances greenluminescence across the synthesized samples. Structural and X-rayphotoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses revealed that oxygen vacancy(V_O)-induced disorder modulates the local electronic environment,leading to coexisting regular (Mo^RO₄, Tb^RO₈) and distorted (Mo^DO₄,Tb^DO₈) polyhedra. Density functional theory(DFT) calculations further demonstrated that V_O-inducedstructural distortions promote electronic coupling between the TbO₈ and [MoO₄]^2– clusters. The optimizedsample demonstrated the strongest charge-transfer band (CTB), attributedto enhanced charge transfer between Tb³⁺–O^2– and substantial charge accumulation around O atoms, as revealedby Bader charge analysis. The multifunctionality of NaTb(MoO₄)₂ was further evidenced by its excellent chemiresistiveresponse toward toxic formaldehyde (HCHO) gas, exhibiting a high response(<em>S</em> = 6.3 at 100 ppm) and ultrafast response/recoverytimes (4.8 s/32.2 s). The improved sensing performance is attributedto vacancy-mediated adsorption of O₂^– species and accelerated surface redox kinetics. This work elucidatesthe fundamental role of oxygen vacancies in tuning charge-transferdynamics and provides a design pathway for rare-earth-based multifunctionalmaterials for optoelectronic and environmental monitoring applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"4 7","pages":"2096–2110"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148666240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reversible Light-Induced Surface Superwetting of Atomic/Molecular Layer-Deposited TiO2:Organic Superlattices for Flexible Optical Applications","authors":"Lavinia Saltarelli,&nbsp;Ramin Ghiyasi,&nbsp;Anish Philip,&nbsp;Janne-Petteri Niemelä,&nbsp;Ivo Utke,&nbsp;Maarit Karppinen","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.6c00229","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsaom.6c00229","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a prominent techniquefor theprecise fabrication of high-quality thin films of various inorganicmaterials with substantial applications in optoelectronics and semiconductorindustries. However, continuous advances are required in materialsdesign to develop next-generation thin-film architectures with multiplefunctionalities to meet consumer demands. Here, we combine the potentialof inorganic ALD with its organic counterpart, molecular layer deposition(MLD), to fabricate TiO₂-based inorganic:organic superlattice(SL) structures with enhanced mechanical flexibility and tailoredoptical properties. The sequential deposition of TiO₂ andmonomolecular organic layers through the combined ALD/MLD techniqueyielded a series of TiO₂:organic SL thin films with predefinedTiO₂-layer thicknesses ranging between 1 and 10 nm, asconfirmed with X-ray reflectivity measurements. We investigate fourdifferent organic components, hydroquinone, terephthalic acid, 2-amino-terephthalicacid, and 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, for their impact on the structural,mechanical, and optical properties of the resultant SL structures.We demonstrate the effects of the different functional groups of theorganic precursors on the type of chemical bonding between titaniumand the organic moiety and, consequently, on the optical and mechanicalproperties of the thin films. The TiO₂:organic SLs outperformthe pristine TiO₂ thin films by presenting excellent resistanceto strain-induced fragmentation, increased film flexibility, improvedadhesion to the substrate, and exceptional surface wettability, incombination with the possibility of modulating the refractive index─akey feature for their potential application as antireflective coatings.Moreover, we demonstrate reversible light-induced superhydrophilicsurface behavior for the TiO₂:organic SL structures. TheTiO₂-based inorganic:organic SLs we present in this workare expected to open attractive pathways for antireflective coatingswith added functionalities such as self-cleaning and antifogging surfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"4 7","pages":"2083–2095"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148621759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic Inverse Design of Nanoporous Fabry–Perot Color Filters via Mixture Density Networks","authors":"Hyo Jong Cho,&nbsp;Youngjae Lee,&nbsp;Ki Won Jeong,&nbsp;Donghwa Lee,&nbsp;Yun Seon Do","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.6c00260","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsaom.6c00260","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nanophotonic inverse design is inherently nonunique becausedifferentstructural configurations can produce similar optical responses, whichlimits deterministic approaches. Here, we propose a probabilisticinverse design framework based on a mixture density network (MDN)to address this limitation. Using an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO)-basedmetal–insulator–metal (MIM) structural color filteras a model system, the MDN learns the conditional probability distributionof structural parameters for a target optical response and enablesmultiple physically valid solutions. A forward neural network (FNN)surrogate model is to validate predicted structures efficiently andremoves the burden of repeated parametric electromagnetic simulations.The proposed approach achieves high color accuracy, and a large fractionof test samples reaches the perceptual threshold (ΔE₂₀₀₀ ≤ 2), while the method captures multiple valid solutionswithin the design space. These results show that inverse design innanophotonic systems is better formulated as a distribution learningproblem rather than a deterministic mapping and provides multipleFDTD-supported candidate solutions for further evaluation under structuralparameter variations. This approach offers a transferable workflowto address nonuniqueness across a wide range of nanophotonic systems,including metasurfaces, photonic crystals, and multilayer thin-filmstructures, provided that the MIDAS models are trained with simulationdata specific to each system.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"4 7","pages":"2155–2164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148666277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrene Triplet Excitons: From Fundamental Properties to Advanced Design of Organic Afterglow Materials","authors":"Jiaqiang Wang,&nbsp;Zhen Li","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.6c00052","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsaom.6c00052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The regulation of triplet exciton dynamics representsa centralchallenge in advancing organic afterglow materials toward practicalapplications. Pyrene-based organic materials, because of their richexcited-state properties and diverse aggregation behaviors, have emergedas an ideal platform for investigating and manipulating triplet excitonprocesses in purely organic systems. Through rational molecular- andaggregate-level designs, both phosphorescence and delayed fluorescenceafterglow have been successfully realized in pyrene derivatives, enablingpromising applications in afterglow displays, deep-tissue bioimaging,and high-density optical memory devices. Future progress is expectedto focus on precise control of triplet exciton dynamics within aggregatedstructures, the development of an efficient upconversion TTA-basedafterglow, and the integration of artificial intelligence-assistedmolecular design. These advances will enable increasingly accuratetriplet exciton management, opening avenues for organic optoelectronicsand photonics.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"4 7","pages":"1956–1965"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148651093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of Nd-Doped MAPbBr3 Single Crystals for Potential Space X-ray Detection","authors":"Dong Liu,&nbsp;Shuyi Zhang,&nbsp;Luzong Jing,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;Guanwen Chen,&nbsp;Longfei Xu,&nbsp;Hongqiang Song,&nbsp;Xiangliang Kong,&nbsp;Zhongchen Wu,&nbsp;Yao Chen","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.6c00222","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsaom.6c00222","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Therapid expansion of commercial spaceflight is driving spaceX-ray detectors toward ultimate cost-effectiveness. Compared withconventional semiconductors, metal halide perovskites, with superioroptoelectronic properties and low-cost solution processability, arepromising candidates for space radiation detection. Herein, we firstsynthesized Nd-MAPbBr₃ single crystals, with Nd³⁺ causing lattice contraction and thus improving the crystal tolerancefactor. We uncover a correlation between color evolution and crystallization,with the precursor solution turning purple from colorless after addingNdBr₃ and yellowing during crystallization due to methylamineoxidation. The fabricated planar Nd-MAPbBr₃ X-ray detectorexhibits a sensitivity of 162.64 μC Gy^–1 cm^–2 and a detection limit of 4 μGy s^–1 under a low electric field of 20 V cm^–1. Notably,after cumulative X-ray irradiation of 320 mGy, the sensitivity ofthe Nd-MAPbBr₃ detector improves by 33.75%, demonstratingsuperior radiation tolerance. These results highlight Nd-MAPbBr₃ single crystals as a promising material for space X-ray detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"4 7","pages":"2074–2082"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148666621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of 5-Methylcytidine Presence in Aqueous Nucleotide Mix Solutions by Means of Ultraviolet Resonant Raman Spectroscopy","authors":"Francesco D’Amico,&nbsp;Sara Gomez,&nbsp;Chiaramaria Stani,&nbsp;Giovanni Birarda,&nbsp;Claudio Masciovecchio","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.6c00191","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsaom.6c00191","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Determining the cytosinemethylation levels in DNA isessentialfor understanding epigenetic regulation and its link to disease. Thispilot study tests the suitability of ultraviolet resonant Raman (UVRR)spectroscopy as a label-free method to detect and measure 5-methyldeoxycytidinetriphosphate (5-me-dCTP) in aqueous nucleotide mixtures that simulategenomic DNA. We recorded UVRR spectra at 266, 244, and 226 nm to investigatehow the excitation wavelength and methylation level affect cytosineand 5-methylcytosine vibrational signatures. Complementary UV–visibleabsorption measurements and density functional theory simulationson cytidine and 5-methylcytidine informed electronic transitions andsupported vibrational assignments. We identified methylation markers,notably a 1363 cm^–1 band at 266 nm and bands near1523 and 1670 cm^–1 at 244 and 226 nm, whose relativeintensities vary systematically with the cytosine methylation level.Among the tested wavelengths, 226 nm excitation (synchrotron source)provides the greatest sensitivity and selectivity for cytosine-relatedvibrations by minimizing adenine and guanine contributions. Complementaryattenuated-total-reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR)measurements offered a nonresonant vibrational perspective, revealingcontributions from nucleobases and the phosphate backbone. CombinedUVRR and FTIR analyses show that UVRR selectively detects cytosinemethylation, while FTIR provides complementary structural informationon the full nucleotide system and serves as a quality check for DNAextraction. These results establish UVRR spectroscopy as a promising,rapid, and nondestructive approach for the detection of DNA methylationunder near-physiological conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"4 7","pages":"2048–2055"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148634077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature Dependent Upconversion Luminescence in Er3+/Yb3+ Codoped BaY0.67Mo0.33O3 Double Perovskite Phosphor for Optical Thermometry","authors":"Rupesh A. Talewar,&nbsp;Marcus Williams,&nbsp;B. Rami Reddy","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.6c00262","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsaom.6c00262","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rare-earth (RE³⁺) activated phosphors withtemperaturedependent luminescence are promising candidates for noncontact opticalthermometry. Herein, the upconversion (UC) and near-infrared (NIR)luminescence properties of Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ codopedBaY_0.67Mo_0.33O₃ double-perovskitephosphors are systematically investigated for temperature sensing.Phase-pure compounds synthesized via a solid-state reaction methodcrystallize in a cubic double-perovskite structure (space group <em>Fm</em>3̅<em>m</em>). Under 980 nm excitation,intense green and red UC emissions and strong NIR emission at 1549nm from Er³⁺ transitions are observed and significantlyenhanced by Yb³⁺ sensitization. Luminescence decay measurementsconfirm efficient energy transfer from Yb³⁺ to Er³⁺. Power dependent studies indicate that both green and red UC emissionspredominantly originate from two photon processes. Temperature dependentmeasurements in the range 293–718 K reveal pronounced thermalredistribution among thermally coupled (²H_11/2/⁴S_3/2) and nonthermally coupled Er³⁺ levels. The fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of the thermallycoupled levels (TCLs) follows a Boltzmann behavior, yielding an energygap of 612 cm^–1 and a maximum absolute sensitivityof 4.5 × 10^–3 K^–1 at 485K. FIRs based on nonthermally coupled levels (NTCLs) are well fittedby polynomial models, offering complementary thermometric modes overextended ranges. The temperature resolution reaches 0.7 K at roomtemperature and follows a T² dependence, consistent withthermodynamic considerations. Excellent repeatability and thermalstability are confirmed through multicycle measurements, thus establishingBaY_0.67Mo_0.33O₃:Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ as a robust and versatile material suitable for high-precisionoptical temperature sensing.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"4 7","pages":"2165–2179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148656337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}