ACS Measurement Science Au最新文献

{"title":"Accelerating SAXS Data Interpretation: A Comparative Assessment of Backbone-Dependent Morphology in Radiation-Grafted Anion-Exchange Membranes","authors":"Alberto Laggioni,&nbsp;Luke Besley,&nbsp;Torben Saatkamp,&nbsp;Jéssica E. S. Fonsaca,&nbsp;Elisabete I. Santiago,&nbsp;Anastasiia Konovalova","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.6c00236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.6c00236","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are key components inelectrochemicalenergy devices, where nanoscale morphology governs water and ionictransport and overall performance. In the growing interest towardradiation-grafted AEMs, the influence of polymer backbones on propertiesremains insufficiently explored. Here, we investigate how differencesin backbone chemistry between ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE)and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) affect the AEMs bearing identicalfunctional groups. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is combinedwith ex situ characterization to provide an overview of bulk properties.LDPE-based membranes show ∼30 percentage points higher wateruptake and swelling compared to ETFE films, which is consistent withthe typically reported crystallinity for LDPE relative to ETFE andthe correspondingly greater chain mobility of its matrix. The <em>d</em>-spacing values extracted from SAXS profiles (22−35nm) do not always mirror bulk hydration behavior: higher degrees offunctionalization of LDPE membranes show greater swelling yet reducedspacing, demonstrating that bulk and nanoscale structural responsesare decoupled. Additionally, to reduce the barrier to adopting SAXSin the membrane community, we developed TRAMA. This Jupyter Notebook-basedplatform guides researchers through the data analysis workflow withoutprior expertise. This work highlights the critical role of the polymerbackbone in determining AEM morphology and the value of SAXS as acharacterization tool, providing an accessible means of processingscattering data.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"6 5","pages":"1875–1886"},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149233335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ProjDIA: Fragment-Bin Projection Scoring and Calibrated Confidence for Direct Infusion DIA Proteomics","authors":"Herbi Yuliantoro,&nbsp;Peng Li","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.6c00119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.6c00119","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS)is the mostpowerful tool for bottom-up proteomics workflows but limits throughputbecause separations are slow and experimentally complex. Direct infusionshotgun proteome analysis (DI-SPA) offers a faster alternative, buthighly chimeric tandem mass spectra complicate peptide identificationand quantification. Here, we present ProjDIA, a computational workflowfor DI-SPA that combines fragment-bin projection scoring, confidence-guidedtwo-pass mass-error recalibration, monotone q-value reporting, andguarded semisupervised rescoring. Across public HeLa DI-SPA benchmarks,ProjDIA increased peptide-level identifications relative to CsoDIAqand showed condition-dependent gains relative to CHIMERYS, with theclearest advantage observed in the sample-load series and at higherMS2 resolution. In species-entrapment analysis, ProjDIA showed thatthese gains are not at the expense of higher error rates. Finally,ProjDIA also supported label-free quantification and demonstratedthe gains in peptide identification can lead to deeper coverage ofproteins with significant fold changes under perturbation.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"6 5","pages":"1571–1585"},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149233411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Categorization of Functional Dynamics of RNA Aptamers by Volume Change","authors":"Shuntaro Takahashi,&nbsp;Tamaki Endoh,&nbsp;Ambadas B. Rode,&nbsp;Naoki Sugimoto","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.6c00138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.6c00138","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nucleic acids act as functional materials by couplingthe bindingof small molecules with dynamic conformational changes. Although thecharacterization of the dynamics is informative for designing theaptamer and riboswitch, quantitative knowledge of the relationshipbetween the function of nucleic acids and conformational dynamicshas been limited. Analysis of the activity of a biomolecule as a functionof pressure yields volumetric parameters, which provide informationon conformational dynamics. Here, we investigated the binding of flavinmononucleotide (FMN) to the aptamer domain of the FMN riboswitch from <em>Fusobacterium nucleatum</em> under high pressure to quantitativelyanalyze the volume change (Δ<em>V</em>) during the complexformation. We show that the binding constant (<em>K</em>_a) at 25 °C between FMN and the FMN aptamer decreasedwith increasing pressure (1.21 × 10⁶ M^–1 at 0.1 MPa to 1.36 × 10⁵ M^–1 at60 MPa). The Δ<em>V</em> of formation for the FMN/aptamercomplex was 87.2 cm³ mol^–1, which wasmuch larger than the value for DNA duplex formation. Analyses of FMNaptamers with mutations in the stem regions showed that a high concentrationof Mg²⁺ ions and poly(ethylene glycol), the latter as acrowding cosolute, decreased the Δ<em>V</em> drasticallyand synergistically. Our results demonstrate that both an excludedvolume effect, occurring due to the exclusion of water during fluctuationsof the aptamer before FMN binding, and dehydration upon FMN bindingdetermine the function of the FMN riboswitch acting as a conformationalselection model. Thus, analyses of volumetric parameters can be usedto quantify the conformational dynamics of nucleic acids dependingon their functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"6 5","pages":"1645–1655"},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149233299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiplexed Enzyme Activity Microscopy by Semi-quantitative, Ratiometric Enzyme Activity MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging","authors":"Hamidreza Hojjat,&nbsp;Petra Henklein,&nbsp;Akvile Haeckel,&nbsp;Grit Nebrich,&nbsp;Sylwia Handzik,&nbsp;Pedro Augusto Dantas de Moraes,&nbsp;Jing Guo,&nbsp;Justus Ramtke,&nbsp;Yubei He,&nbsp;Lynn Jeanette Savic,&nbsp;Oliver Seitz,&nbsp;Oliver Klein,&nbsp;Eyk Schellenberger","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.6c00070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.6c00070","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Enzymes are often tightly regulated and exist in inactiveforms.Therefore, rather than mere presence, it is the enzyme’s activitythat catalyzes cellular and tissue functions. However, multiplex activitymapping of enzymes in situ is particularly challenging. To addressthis, we introduce multiplexed enzyme activity MALDI–MSI (MEA–MSI),a ratiometric, semi-quantitative method that allows multiplex in situvisualization of enzyme activities in zinc-fixed tissue sections.To accomplish this, a library of 31 MEA–MSI substrates targetingproteases, kinases, histone acetyltransferases, and glycosyltransferaseswas synthesized. Each substrate is designed so that the masses ofthese substrates and their enzymatic products are distinct, enablingtheir simultaneous pixel-wise detection within tissue sections. Aratiometric calculation procedure was used to estimate the relativeenzyme activity and compensate for tissue-dependent ionization bias,which is a general problem in MALDI–MSI. MEA–MSI wasapplied to healthy mouse liver, a murine hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) model, and an incomplete microwave-ablated (iMWA) rabbit VX2liver tumor model. The resulting activity maps revealed distinct regionalenzyme activity patterns across tumor and normal tissues. Correlationand network analyses showed related enzyme activities and relatedgroups, while unsupervised clustering and Uniform Manifold Approximationand Projection (UMAP) analysis reproduced histological patterns. BecauseMEA–MSI relies on enzymatic amplification, it is not restrictedto the detection of highly abundant enzymes and enables multiplexed,spatially resolved readouts of enzyme activity in situ, providinga framework for comparative spatial enzymology.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"6 5","pages":"1507–1524"},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149233369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-Cell Measurement Revolution: A New Paradigm in Tuberculosis Diagnosis","authors":"Dianmo Ni,&nbsp;Gang Liu","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.6c00245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.6c00245","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite a century of advances in tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics,a deceptively simple question remains unanswered: Can we reliablydetect a single viable <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (<em>Mtb</em>) bacillus in a clinical sample? In this perspective,we examine three complementary single-cell measurement platforms thatface significant challenges in addressing this seemingly simple yetexceedingly difficult question. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq)can resolve host immune heterogeneity by identifying novel cell subsetsand diagnostic biomarkers, such as <em>GBP5</em>, that areotherwise obscured in bulk measurements. Direct <em>Mtb</em> scRNA-seq offers unprecedented insights into four critical biologicalmechanisms: infectivity, drug resistance, persister formation, andhost–pathogen interactions; however, its practical clinicalapplication remains limited. Complementing these genomic approaches,single-cell surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy serves as a spectroscopicplatform to capture molecular heterogeneity among individual bacilli,revealing drug-resistance signatures that are typically masked bypopulation-averaged spectra. Furthermore, single-cell fluorescentprobes, arguably the most promising approach for ultimately overcomingthis challenge, act as chemical measurement platforms. They enablethe direct visualization of viable <em>Mtb</em> by leveragingpathogen-specific metabolic, enzymatic, or transport-based fluorescenceactivations. We critically evaluate existing translational barriers,including inadequate sensitivity across diverse clinical specimens(e.g., sputum, swabs, body fluids, tissues, and breath aerosols) aswell as high costs and incompatibility with routine clinical workflows.Looking ahead, we underscore future direction in TB diagnostic measurementscience, emphasizing specimen-driven probe design and the criticalchallenge of distinguishing slow replication-competent bacilli frommetabolically active but nonreplicating populations. Collectively,these emerging technologies chart a roadmap toward the ultimate goalof detecting a single viable <em>Mtb</em> bacterium in clinicalsamples.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"6 5","pages":"1384–1407"},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149233422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurate and Robust Measurement of Single-Molecule Fluorescence Spectral Heterogeneity","authors":"Xiayi Gong,&nbsp;Amrita Singh,&nbsp;Hongjing Mao,&nbsp;Ambarish Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Md Abul Shahid,&nbsp;Françisco M. Raymo,&nbsp;Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.6c00211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.6c00211","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding single-molecule fluorescence spectral heterogeneity(smFLUSH) is vital for developing new probes for multidimensionalsuper-resolution microscopy and decoding nanoscopic environments.However, traditional analysis methods distort the data and fail todistinguish random background noise for actual spectral differencesbetween the single molecules. To overcome this bottleneck, we developeda Monte Carlo simulation and an adaptive signal processing frameworkinspired by balanced detection in spectral domain optical coherencetomography that employs a dynamically scaling, molecule-specific spectralboundary to effectively decouple intrinsic molecular fluctuationsfrom instrumental noise, achieving an exceptional subnanometer precisionfloor. We experimentally validated this framework using a tailor-designedlibrary of Boron Dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes engineered with systematicallytuned degrees of conformational freedom. This adaptive pipeline revealeda distinct structural bifurcation: in a subseries of dyes, targetedmolecular rigidification monotonically suppressed smFLUSH, whereassteric crowding and core predistortion in a phenyl- and ethyl-containingsubseries caused spectral variance to plateau at an elevated baselineregardless of additional rotor count. Furthermore, correlating smFLUSHwith excited-state relaxation dynamics revealed that spectral heterogeneityaligns with shorter fluorescence lifetimes and larger Stokes shifts,demonstrating that matrix-coupled structural adjustments simultaneouslyaccelerate nonradiative deactivation. Ultimately, this framework establishesa robust workflow for single-molecule photophysics and delivers arational synthetic blueprint for designing single-molecule spectrallystable probes.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"6 5","pages":"1837–1847"},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149233463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rotational Microfluidic Paper-Based Chip Platform Integrating Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification for Visual and Sensitive Detection of Viable Pathogens","authors":"Ping Liu,&nbsp;Mingzhu Jin,&nbsp;Bowei Li,&nbsp;Dani Sun,&nbsp;Hongxiao Sun,&nbsp;Zhiyang Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Wang,&nbsp;Lingxin Chen","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.6c00166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.6c00166","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sensitive, simple, and rapid detection of pathogens isessentialin preventing the transmission of related diseases and protectinghuman health. In this study, a rotational microfluidic paper-basedanalytical device integrating nucleic acid sequence-based amplification(NASBA) and colorimetric analysis was developed for the detectionof viable pathogens. Biotin- and HRP (horseradish peroxidase)-labeledDNA single strands were used as the capture probe and detection probe,respectively. The capture probe was anchored on the surface of thepaper chip based on the interaction between biotin and streptavidin.The target mRNA of the pathogen could be exponentially amplified throughNASBA isothermal amplification, and then the product of amplificationwas combined with the capture probe and detection probe accordingto nucleic acid hybridization. With a simple and rapid RNA extractionmethod, isothermal amplification, and colorimetric analysis, thisrotational microfluidic paper-based analytical platform could accomplishthe whole process of pathogen detection within 110 min using simpleequipment. The limit of detection for <em>E. coli</em> was as few as 10 CFU/mL (with a 95% positive detection rate in 20replicate samples). The quantitative analysis of pathogens could becarried out by detecting the gray value on the paper chip with a smartphone.This portable platform has great potential for the on-site, rapid,and visual detection of viable pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"6 5","pages":"1739–1747"},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149233385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic RNA Labeling: Adding a Temporal Dimension to Transcriptomics and Epitranscriptomics Analysis","authors":"Di Wang,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Zhang,&nbsp;Shichao Lin,&nbsp;Chaoyong Yang","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.6c00200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.6c00200","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Transcriptomics and epitranscriptomics analyses haveprovided unprecedentedinsights into the transcriptome-wide RNA abundance and the post-transcriptionalmodifications of RNA across diverse biological processes. However,conventional transcriptomics and epitranscriptomics analyses onlycapture static snapshots and lack temporal resolution. To addressthis limitation, recent advances have integrated metabolic RNA labelingwith transcriptomics and epitranscriptomics analyses, enabling time-resolvedanalysis of the transcription and RNA modification dynamics. ThisPerspective aims to highlight the recent developments and the ongoingtrends in metabolic RNA labeling-based chemical tools that enabletime-resolved transcriptomics and epitranscriptomics analysis. Ourperspectives on current limitations and future directions are alsoprovided, with the aim of inspiring more advanced chemical tools foraccurate measurement and a deeper understanding of transcription andRNA modification dynamics in health and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"6 5","pages":"1375–1383"},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149233391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical Impedance Tomography for Spatial Conductivity Mapping of PEM Fuel Cell Components","authors":"Susanne Thiel,&nbsp;Lennart Mozer,&nbsp;Maik Eichelbaum","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.6c00202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.6c00202","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrical impedancetomography (EIT) was assessed as a measurementapproach for spatial conductivity mapping of electrochemical energysystem materials such as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell components.Polymer electrolyte membranes were selectively activated or deactivated,and defined artificial defects were introduced into catalyst-coatedmembranes (CCMs) and gas diffusion layers to evaluate the sensitivityand diagnostic capability of EIT. Reconstructed conductivity distributionswere independently verified using scanning electrochemical microscopyto confirm spatial contrast and reconstruction accuracy. EIT enabledrapid, nondestructive detection of large-area variations in activationstate and degradation. Localized defects were reliably detected, withthe methodology prioritizing spatial localization and fault identificationproviding a distinct advantage over electrical impedance spectroscopy,which lacks the spatial context to distinguish between localized andglobal degradation. Reproducibility studies on CCMs showed that measurementvariability and sample remounting effects remained sufficiently lowfor consistent defect identification, with defect and background signalsclearly separated for different confidence intervals. Simulation studieswith different electrode counts and positions, defect arrangements,and sample sizes including a realistic fuel cell application-scaleCCM sample were performed as a qualitative design illustration forpossible future EIT applications. This development constitutes animportant methodological step toward fast nondestructive electrochemicalimaging of fuel cell materials and may provide a powerful tool forin-line, in situ, and operando investigations of localized activation,degradation, defects, and heterogeneities in electrochemical energydevices.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"6 5","pages":"1809–1824"},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149233471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spark-Engineered Microelectrode Arrays from Disposable Screen-Printed Macroelectrodes","authors":"Thanawath Tuntiwongmetee,&nbsp;Stéphane Jeanneret,&nbsp;Andrea Nonis,&nbsp;Thomas Cherubini,&nbsp;Yupu Zhang,&nbsp;Apon Numnuam,&nbsp;Suntisak Khumngern,&nbsp;Eric Bakker","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.6c00191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.6c00191","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A computer numericalcontrol (CNC)-guided spark-assisted localizedmicroelectrode patterning is used for the first time for the programmablefabrication of electrodes exhibiting microelectrode behavior withhigh spatial precision. A graphite wire serves as a spark probe tolocally modify a disposable screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE)overcoated with an insulating polydopamine (PDA) layer formed viaelectropolymerization. Localized spark discharge can be preciselypositioned with three-dimensional (<em>X</em>, <em>Y</em>, and <em>Z</em> axis) CNC control and executed at a rateof ∼1 s per point, giving reproducible patterning of microscalefeatures. While the PDA film effectively suppresses electron transfer,the spark treatment restores electrochemical activity only at predefinedmicroscale positions. The sparked electrodes exhibit increased redoxpeak currents in cyclic voltammetry and reduced charge-transfer resistancein electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Chronoamperometric measurementsconfirm a transition from Cottrellian behavior (unmodified SPCE) toa stable steady-state current (sparked microelectrode), confirmingradial diffusion at the exposed micro-openings to the underlying electrode.Combined with precise spatial control, the fabrication of microelectrodearrays with tunable site density is demonstrated, resulting in amplifiedFaradaic responses and enhanced analytical sensitivity. This approachoffers strong potential for advanced electrochemical sensing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"6 5","pages":"1483–1488"},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149233475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}