Pulse最新文献

{"title":"Abstracts book of Pulse of Asia 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000534378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000534378","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29774,"journal":{"name":"Pulse","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134982047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pulse of Asia 2022 Tokyo","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000525603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000525603","url":null,"abstract":"None<br />Pulse 2022;10:1–34","PeriodicalId":29774,"journal":{"name":"Pulse","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138538170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relation between Oscillometric Measurement of Central Hemodynamics and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hypertensive Patients.","authors":"Masakazu Obayashi,&nbsp;Shigeki Kobayashi,&nbsp;Takuma Nanno,&nbsp;Yoriomi Hamada,&nbsp;Masafumi Yano","doi":"10.1159/000520006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000520006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The augmentation index (AIx) or central systolic blood pressure (SBP), measured by radial applanation tonometry, has been reported to be independently associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in Japanese hypertensive patients. Cuff-based oscillometric measurement of the AIx using Mobil-O-Graph® showed a low or moderate agreement with the AIx measurement with other devices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The AIx measured using the Mobil-O-Graph was validated against the tonometric measurements of the radial AIx measured using HEM-9000AI in 110 normotensive healthy individuals (age, 21-76 years; 50 men). We investigated the relationship between the central hemodynamics assessed using the Mobil-O-Graph and LVH in 100 hypertensive patients (age, 54-75 years; 48 men), presenting a wall thickness of ≥11 mm and ≥10 mm in men and women, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although the Mobil-O-Graph-measured central AIx showed no negative values, it correlated moderately with the HEM-9000AI-measured radial AIx (<i>r</i> = 0.602, <i>p</i> < 0.001) in the normotensive individuals. The hypertensive patients did not show a significant difference in the central SBP between the sexes, but the central AIx was lower in men than in women. The independent determinants influencing left ventricle (LV) mass index (LVMI) (<i>R</i>² = 0.362; adjusted <i>R</i>² = 0.329, <i>p</i> < 0.001) were heart rate (β = -0.568 ± 0.149, <i>p</i> < 0.001), central SBP (β = 0.290 ± 0.100, <i>p</i> = 0.005), and aortic root diameter (β = 1.355 ± 0.344, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Age (β = -0.025 ± 0.124, <i>p</i> = 0.841) and the central AIx (β = 0.120 ± 0.131, <i>p</i> = 0.361) were not independently associated with the LVMI. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the central AIx for the presence of LVH (LVMI >118 g/m² in men or >108 g/m² in women) was statistically significant in men (0.875, <i>p</i> < 0.001) but not in women (0.622, <i>p</i> = 0.132). In men, a central AIx of 28.06% had a sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 80.0% for detecting LVH.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AIx measurement in men provided useful prognostic information for the presence of LVH. Pulse-wave analysis assessed using the Mobil-O-Graph may be a valuable tool for detecting LVH in hypertensive patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":29774,"journal":{"name":"Pulse","volume":"9 3-4","pages":"116-124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8740281/pdf/pls-0009-0116.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39739620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presence of Microvascular Dysfunction and CHA₂DS₂-VASc Score in Patients with ST-Segment Myocardial Infarction after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.","authors":"Ragab A Mahfouz,&nbsp;Marwa M Gad,&nbsp;Mohamed Arab,&nbsp;Moei-E Deen Abulfotouh","doi":"10.1159/000520074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000520074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to investigate the relation between CHA₂DS₂-VASc score and microvascular dysfunction (MVD) assessed by the index of microvascular resistance (IMR) immediately after primary percutaneous intervention (PPCI) for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>The study included 115 consecutive patients with STEMI who underwent successful PPCI. Angiographic results of reperfusion were inspected to evaluate the association of high CHA₂DS₂-VASc score and IMR. Also, we assessed echocardiographic changes with respect to CHA₂DS₂-VASc score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Subjects were stratified into 2 groups based on IMR </≥ 40 U; 72 patients (62.6) with IMR <40 U and 43 patients (37.4) with IMR ≥40 U. Patients with IMR ≥40 U had higher CHA₂DS₂-VASc score (<i>p</i> < 0.001). CHA₂DS₂-VASc score was significantly correlated with increased left atrial volume index, diastolic dysfunction, wall motion score index, and inversely correlated left ventricular ejection. Moreover, CHA₂DS₂-VASc score was strongly correlated with IMR (<i>p</i> < 0.001). At multivariate analysis, low systolic blood pressure, stent diameter, and CHA₂DS₂-VASc score were associated with MVD. Besides, CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥4 was the optimal value in predicting MVD (IMR ≥40) in STEMI patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The data of the current study point out that increased CHA₂DS₂-VASc score, lower systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg, and stent diameter are associated with increased incidence of MVD (increased IMR) after PPCI of STEMI. We suggest that the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score may be a simple, inexpensive useful risk score for the prediction of MVD risk after PPCI for STEMI patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":29774,"journal":{"name":"Pulse","volume":"9 3-4","pages":"125-132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8740007/pdf/pls-0009-0125.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39739621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating Serum Copper Is Associated with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, but Not Venous Thromboembolism: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Setor K Kunutsor,&nbsp;Richard S Dey,&nbsp;Jari A Laukkanen","doi":"10.1159/000519906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000519906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Serum copper has been linked to the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the potential association between serum copper and venous thromboembolism (VTE) is not known. The principal aim was to evaluate the potential prospective association between serum copper and VTE risk. A secondary aim was to confirm or refute previously reported associations between serum copper and atherosclerotic CVD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum copper was measured at baseline using atomic absorption spectrometry in 2,492 men aged 42-61 years without a history of VTE in the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease prospective cohort study. Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for VTE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 27.0 years, 166 VTE events occurred. The risk of VTE per 1 standard deviation increase in serum copper in age-adjusted analysis was HR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.88-1.20, which was attenuated to HR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.82-1.19, following further adjustment for several established and emerging risk factors. Comparing the top versus bottom tertiles of serum copper, the corresponding adjusted HRs were 1.16 (95% CI: 0.80-1.66) and 1.11 (95% CI: 0.74-1.68), respectively. In 1,901 men without a history of coronary heart disease (CHD), the multivariable-adjusted HR for CHD was 1.32 (95% CI: 1.10-1.59) comparing extreme tertiles of serum copper.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In middle-aged Finnish men, we confirmed previously reported associations between high serum copper levels and increased risk of atherosclerotic CVD, but serum copper was not associated with future VTE risk. Other large-scale prospective studies conducted in women, other age-groups, and other populations are needed to confirm or refute these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":29774,"journal":{"name":"Pulse","volume":"9 3-4","pages":"109-115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8739646/pdf/pls-0009-0109.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39739619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brachial Artery \"Low-Flow Mediated Constriction\" Is Associated with Myocardial Perfusion Defect Severity and Mediated by an Altered Flow Pattern during Occlusion.","authors":"Smriti Badhwar,&nbsp;Dinu S Chandran,&nbsp;Ashok K Jaryal,&nbsp;Rajiv Narang,&nbsp;Chetan Patel,&nbsp;Kishore Kumar Deepak","doi":"10.1159/000519558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000519558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The relationship between low flow-mediated constriction (LFMC), a new proposed measure of endothelial function, with cardiovascular disease severity and its hypothesized stimulus, that is, low flow, has not been comprehensively evaluated. The study evaluated association between change in brachial artery diameter during constriction with severity of myocardial perfusion defect (PD) and alterations in different components of flow profile.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Brachial artery responses to occlusion were assessed in 91 patients and 30 healthy subjects. Change in anterograde and retrograde blood flow velocities (delta anterograde blood flow velocity and retrograde blood flow velocity), anterograde shear rate and retrograde shear rate (delta ASR and RSR, respectively), and oscillatory shear index (delta) during forearm occlusion at 50 mm Hg above systolic pressure, from baseline was calculated. Myocardial perfusion was evaluated in patients using exercise single positron emission computed tomography and % myocardial PD was calculated from summed stress score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LFMC emerged as independent predictor of defect severity after correcting for age and gender (<i>p</i> = 0.014). Sixty-seven patients (73.6%) and 15 healthy subjects (50%) showed constriction during occlusion. In stepwise backward regression analysis, RSR contributed 35.5% and ASR contributed 20.1% of the total 63.9% variability in artery diameter during occlusion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that LFMC is independently associated with myocardial perfusion severity and is \"mediated\" by an altered flow profile during occlusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":29774,"journal":{"name":"Pulse","volume":"9 3-4","pages":"99-108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8738914/pdf/pls-0009-0099.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39739618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Arterial Stiffness, Brachial Haemodynamics, and Central Haemodynamics in Diabetic Hypertensives: A Pulse Wave Analysis-Based Case-Control Study from an Urban Area of West India.","authors":"Jayesh Dalpatbhai Solanki,&nbsp;Sunil J Panjwani,&nbsp;Ravi Kanubhai Patel,&nbsp;Devanshi Nishantbhai Bhatt,&nbsp;Param Jagdeep Kakadia,&nbsp;Chinmay J Shah","doi":"10.1159/000519357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000519357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hypertension (HTN) and diabetes frequently coexist, imposing significant cardiovascular risk that is normally studied in terms of brachial blood pressure (bBP). Direct and superior parameters like central haemodynamics and arterial stiffness are studied scarcely. Pulse wave analysis (PWA) offers a non-invasive measurement of the same that we studied in diabetic hypertensives.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a case-control study on 333 treated diabetic hypertensive cases and 333 euglycaemic normotensive controls. Oscillometric PWA was performed by Mobil-o-Graph (IEM, Aachen, Germany). Parameters were further analysed in relation to gender, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), glycaemic control, blood pressure control, and disease duration (cut-off 5 years). Multiple linear regressions were done to find significant associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cases had significantly higher brachial haemodynamics (blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and rate pressure product); arterial stiffness measures (augmentation pressure, augmentation index, pulse wave velocity, total arterial stiffness, and pulse pressure amplification), and central haemodynamics (central blood pressure, cardiac output, stroke work) than controls. In the case group, female gender, BMI ≥23, and uncontrolled blood pressures were significant factors that affected the results while other factors such as glycaemic control, physical activity, and duration did not. HR was significantly associated with study parameters. Brachial pressures were not significantly associated with corresponding aortic pressures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diabetic hypertensives had adverse profile of cardiovascular parameters beyond bBP, related to female gender, and HTN and its control, more than that of diabetes. This baseline work suggests further study on these potential parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":29774,"journal":{"name":"Pulse","volume":"9 3-4","pages":"89-98"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8739359/pdf/pls-0009-0089.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39739617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Signal Resolution Pulse Oximetry as a Prognostic Indicator of Radiotherapy Toxicity: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Karolina Jezierska,&nbsp;Agnieszka Macała,&nbsp;Ryszard Krzyminiewski,&nbsp;Piotr Woźniak,&nbsp;Magdalena Łukowiak,&nbsp;Anna Sękowska-Namiotko,&nbsp;Wojciech Podraza","doi":"10.1159/000519100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000519100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Radiotherapy plays a prominent role in the multidisciplinary treatment of cancers. Despite new irradiation techniques, radiation-induced cardiotoxicity remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, prognostic indicators of radiotherapy toxicity are essential. This study aimed to investigate the influence of applied radiotherapy on the pulse wave recording and thereby on cardiovascular health, as well as to assess whether high signal resolution (HSR) pulse oximetry could be used as a prognostic indicator of radiotherapy toxicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 19 patients treated with radiotherapy to the lung or left breast were analyzed. Pulse oximetry was performed on all eligible patients (before and after the administration of a radiation dose) using the PULS-HSR program, which increases the resolution of the pulse wave recording.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the analyzed variables, we found the total dose administered to the target, as well as the treatment duration, significantly positively correlated with the change in ventricle/aorta volume ratio. The ventricle/aorta volume ratio parameter is the ratio between the area under the HSR pulse wave generated by the contraction of the left ventricle until the aortic valve closes and the area of the HSR pulse wave responsible for expansion and contraction of the aorta.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The pilot study indicates HSR pulse oximetry, especially the ventricle/aorta volume ratio parameter, as a potential prognostic indicator of toxicity from radiation for breast and lung cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":29774,"journal":{"name":"Pulse","volume":"9 3-4","pages":"83-88"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8739934/pdf/pls-0009-0083.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39739616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sickle Cell Disease-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension: A Review of Pathophysiology, Management, and Current Literature.","authors":"Abu Baker Sheikh,&nbsp;Adeel Nasrullah,&nbsp;Erick Daniel Lopez,&nbsp;Mian Tanveer Ud Din,&nbsp;Shazib Sagheer,&nbsp;Ishan Shah,&nbsp;Nismat Javed,&nbsp;Rahul Shekhar","doi":"10.1159/000519101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000519101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sickle cell disease is an inherited hemoglobinopathy leading to the synthesis of hemoglobin S. Hemoglobin S results in the formation of abnormal sickle-shaped erythrocytes that lead to hematologic abnormalities such as hemolytic anemia and increased risks of thrombosis. Another particular problem encountered with the disease is pulmonary hypertension. The objective of this narrative review is to discuss the prevalence, pathophysiology mechanisms, diagnostic techniques, treatment options, and prognostic indicators in the setting of sickle cell disease with pulmonary hypertension. Additionally, the review also highlights other advancements that are being investigated. Considering the significant morbidity, mortality, and prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in patients with sickle cell disease, it is important to account for the aforementioned domains in the future guidelines to provide optimal and individualized care to the high-risk individuals as well as reduce the progression of disease, morbidity, and mortality rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":29774,"journal":{"name":"Pulse","volume":"9 3-4","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8740209/pdf/pls-0009-0057.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39724772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Similar Myocardial Perfusion and Vascular Stiffness in Children and Adolescents with High Lipoprotein (a) Levels, in Comparison with Healthy Controls.","authors":"Kyriaki Papadopoulou-Legbelou,&nbsp;Areti Triantafyllou,&nbsp;Olga Vampertzi,&nbsp;Nikolaos Koletsos,&nbsp;Stella Douma,&nbsp;Efimia Papadopoulou-Alataki","doi":"10.1159/000517871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000517871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>This study investigated the possible correlation between elevated lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) levels and early vascular aging biomarkers in healthy children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-seven healthy children/adolescents, mean age 9.9 ± 3.7 years, with high Lp(a) levels without other lipid abnormalities and 27 age- and sex-matched controls with normal Lp(a) levels, were included in the study. The investigation of possible early vascular aging was assessed by measuring vascular function indices: carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT), pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx), and subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although serum lipid values were within normal levels, mean values of total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were higher in the group of children with high Lp(a) levels than controls (<i>p</i> = 0.006 and <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively). Vascular function indices did not show significant differences, neither between the 2 groups nor in the subgroups of children with increased Lp(a) levels. These subgroups were defined by the presence or absence of family history of premature coronary artery disease. Lp(a) levels did not show a significant correlation with the other parameters studied, both regarding the whole sample (patients and controls), as well as in the subgroups of elevated Lp(a) levels. However, in the group of children with high Lp(a) levels, c-IMT and PWV were positively correlated with diastolic blood pressure (<i>r</i> = 0.427, <i>p</i> = 0.026 and <i>r</i> = 0.425, <i>p</i> = 0.030, respectively), while SEVR was negatively correlated with AIx (<i>r</i> = -0.455, <i>p</i> = 0.017).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Healthy children and adolescents with high Lp(a) levels do not yet have impaired vascular indices, compared to controls. However, in order to prevent early atherosclerosis, it is crucial to early identify and follow up children with high Lp(a) levels and positive family history of premature coronary disease or other cardiovascular risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":29774,"journal":{"name":"Pulse","volume":"9 3-4","pages":"64-71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8740010/pdf/pls-0009-0064.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39739614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}