Pulse最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Acute Resistance Exercise and Resistance Exercise Training on Central Pulsatile Hemodynamics and Large Artery Stiffness: Part II.","authors":"Denis J Wakeham, Gary L Pierce, Kevin S Heffernan","doi":"10.1159/000543314","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In part one of this two-part series, we performed a detailed analysis of the hemodynamic signature produced during resistance exercise (RE) and discussed the subacute effects on short-term modulation of large artery stiffness and central pulsatile hemodynamics. In this second part of our two-part series, we consider the subacute recovery window as the driver of resistance exercise training (RET) adaptations. We then discuss the results of RET interventions and corroborate these findings against the information gleaned from cross-sectional studies in habitually strength-trained athletes. Finally, we explore associations between muscular strength and arterial stiffness.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Our reanalysis of key studies assessing arterial stiffness in the hour post-RE suggests changes in both load-dependent and load-independent indices of arterial (aortic) stiffness. Regarding adaptations to habitual RET, a growing body of evidence contradicts earlier findings that suggested RET increases large artery stiffness. Recent meta-analyses conclude that longitudinal RET has no effect or may even reduce large artery stiffness. However, cross-sectional studies continue to support early RET intervention studies and note that habitual RET may increase large artery stiffness and central pulsatile hemodynamics. Complex interactions between vascular smooth muscle cells and the extracellular matrix may offer insight into inter-individual heterogeneity in subacute responses and chronic adaptations to acute RE and habitual RET.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Habitual RET is fundamentally important for skeletal muscle quality and quantity as well as cardiovascular function. Recent literature suggests that habitual RET has negligible effects on large artery stiffness and central hemodynamic pressure pulsatility, but cross-sectional observations still raise questions about the chronic large artery effects of habitual RET.</p>","PeriodicalId":29774,"journal":{"name":"Pulse","volume":"13 1","pages":"45-61"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11842081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Acute Resistance Exercise and Resistance Exercise Training on Central Pulsatile Hemodynamics and Large Artery Stiffness: Part I.","authors":"Denis J Wakeham, Gary L Pierce, Kevin S Heffernan","doi":"10.1159/000543313","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Engaging in habitual resistance exercise training (RET; also known as strength training) causes systemic health effects beyond those caused by aerobic/endurance exercise training alone. Despite the resoundingly favorable effect of habitual RET on measures of cardiovascular disease risk, controversy still exists regarding the vascular health effects of this exercise modality largely because some studies find increases in large artery stiffness and central pulsatile hemodynamics with RET. In this two-part series, we examine the effect of acute resistance exercise (RE) and RET on large artery stiffness and pulsatile hemodynamics. We perform a historical overview of seminal/classic studies and report on key findings that have shaped the field. We provide personal commentary on the studies and potential implications of findings related to the acute effects of RE on large artery stiffness and central pulsatile hemodynamics. For part one of this two-part series, we perform a detailed analysis of the hemodynamic signature produced during RE and discuss the sub-acute effects on short-term modulation of large artery stiffness and central pulsatile hemodynamics.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Acute RE elicits marked (\"extreme\") elevations in arterial pressure, mediated primarily by increases in vascular resistance and intrathoracic pressure (ITP). Vascular compression from muscular contraction contributes to increases in afterload via increased vascular resistance and pressure from wave reflections. However, as a result of the higher ITP associated with breath holds (Valsalva maneuver) during high relative efforts (>80%), the change in pressure across the aortic wall (transmural pressure) is less than the change in intra-arterial pressure.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>The high arterial pressures during some heavy weight lifting exercises are associated with positive swings with ITP related to the Valsalva maneuver and elevations in vascular resistance. The pressure oscillations lead to marked stress within the vascular wall and likely contribute to elevations in large artery stiffness over the subsequent hour.</p>","PeriodicalId":29774,"journal":{"name":"Pulse","volume":"13 1","pages":"31-44"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11842066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Validity of Computerized Algorithms for Determining Pulse Wave Velocity: A Clinical Study.","authors":"Amira Tairi, Hasan Obeid, Saliha Addour, Mark Butlin, Alberto P Avolio, Catherine Fortier, Mohsen Agharazii","doi":"10.1159/000543354","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Aortic stiffness, assessed through carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. Measurements of PWV are based on the proper identification of the foot of the pulse waveform by either the maximum of the second-derivative method (as used in Complior) or the intersecting tangents algorithms (as used in SphygmoCor). These approaches can give different results, especially at higher PWV ranges. However, these devices also differ by signal acquisition technology, signal filtering, and quality control algorithms, making the true contribution of analytical algorithms uncertain. The aim of the present study was to identify the differences in pulse transit time (PTT) and PWV calculated by these two algorithms when provided with the same input signal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 113 subjects, 346 recordings of 10 s were obtained using the Complior Analyse system (PWV_Comp-2nd). The pulse waves were imported into MATLAB and filtered (<i>n</i> = 4,102 pairs of pulse waves), where after inspection 3,770 pairs were available for determination of PTT using second-derivative and intersecting tangents algorithms (PTT_Mat-2nd and PTT_Mat-IT) and the respective PWV_Mat-2nd and PWV_Mat-IT for each pair. Additionally, the same pulse wave recordings were analyzed using the SphygmoCor system in simulation mode, employing the intersecting tangents algorithm (PWV_Sphyg-IT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean beat-by-beat PTT_Mat-2nd and PTT_Mat-IT were 54.55 ± 18.55 ms (range 15.00-129.00) and 54.61 ± 18.61 ms (range 15.00-126.00) (<i>p</i> = 0.09), respectively. The mean per participant PWV_Mat-2nd and PWV_Mat-IT were 9.67 ± 3.46 m/s and 9.66 ± 3.4 m/s with a mean difference of 0.01 ± 0.32 m/s (<i>p</i> = 0.35). The PWV_Comp-2nd and PWV_Sphyg-IT were 9.48 ± 3.25 m/s and 9.59 ± 3.25 m/s with a mean difference of 0.11 ± 0.66 m/s (<i>p</i> = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study shows that the difference between the two algorithms is negligible across a wide range of PTT and hence does not support the need for adjusting PWV according to the algorithm used for determining PTT.</p>","PeriodicalId":29774,"journal":{"name":"Pulse","volume":"13 1","pages":"62-71"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11842098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Associations of Arterial Stiffness and Central Hemodynamics with Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients at a High Coronary Risk: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Hack-Lyoung Kim, Soonil Kwon, Hyun Sung Joh, Woo-Hyun Lim, Jae-Bin Seo, Sang-Hyun Kim, Joo-Hee Zo, Myung-A Kim","doi":"10.1159/000543001","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>It is not well-known which indicator, central blood pressure (CBP) or arterial stiffness, has a greater impact on carotid atherosclerosis. This study aimed to assess the associations of carotid atherosclerosis with arterial stiffness and CBP in the same individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 142 patients (mean age: 69 years; 43% female) with documented atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or multiple risk factors were analyzed. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and CBP measurements, along with carotid ultrasound, were performed on the same day. CBP was assessed using radial artery tonometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In simple linear regression analysis, only baPWV exhibited a significant correlation with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) (<i>r</i> = 0.272; <i>p</i> = 0.001), whereas none of the CBP parameters (systolic, diastolic, pulse pressures, and augmentation index) correlated with CIMT (<i>p</i> > 0.05 for each). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that baPWV had no significant association with CIMT after adjusting for age (<i>p</i> = 0.264). A higher baPWV (≥1,656 cm/s) was significantly associated with carotid plaque presence, even after accounting for potential confounders (odds ratio: 3.66; 95% confidence interval: 1.65-8.12; <i>p</i> = 0.001). Moreover, as the number of carotid plaques increased, there was a linear rise in baPWV (<i>p</i> < 0.001). None of CBP parameters were associated with the presence of carotid plaque (<i>p</i> > 0.05 for each).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among a high-risk Korean population, baPWV demonstrated a stronger association with carotid plaque presence and extent compared to CBP parameters. Thus, baPWV may serve as a valuable marker for identifying carotid plaque.</p>","PeriodicalId":29774,"journal":{"name":"Pulse","volume":"13 1","pages":"11-21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11842083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The MAASWERP Study: An International, Comparative Case Study on Measuring Biomechanics of the Aged Murine Aorta.","authors":"Cédric H G Neutel, Koen W F van der Laan, Callan D Wesley, Dustin N Krüger, Margarita G Pencheva, Casper G Schalkwijk, Guido R Y De Meyer, Wim Martinet, Tammo Delhaas, Koen D Reesink, Alessandro Giudici, Pieter-Jan Guns, Bart Spronck","doi":"10.1159/000542694","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Arterial stiffening is a hallmark of vascular ageing, and unravelling its underlying mechanisms has become a central theme in the field of cardiovascular disease. While various techniques and experimental setups are accessible for investigating biomechanics of blood vessels both in vivo and ex vivo, comparing findings across diverse methodologies is challenging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Arterial stiffness in the aorta of adult (5 months) and aged (24 months) wild-type C57Bl/6J mice was measured in vivo, after which ex vivo biomechanical evaluation was performed using the Rodent Oscillatory Tension Setup to study Arterial Compliance (ROTSAC; University of Antwerp, Belgium) and the DynamX setup (Maastricht University, The Netherlands). Stiffness of aortic tissue was measured in both absence and presence of activated smooth muscle cells (i.e., contraction). Measurements in both setups were conducted in parallel with matched protocols and identical buffers and chemicals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, both methods revealed age-related increased aortic stiffness, although parameters of aortic mechanics showed different numerical values, suggesting that results are not directly interchangeable between methods. Surprisingly, smooth muscle cell contraction had opposing effects between the setups. Indeed, smooth muscle cell contraction increased arterial stiffness in the ROTSAC but decreased stiffness in the DynamX. These opposing effects could be attributed to how the two setups differentially load the collagen fibres in the arterial wall, ex vivo.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, this study provided critical insights into how different experimental setups can influence the interpretation of aortic biomechanics, emphasizing the need for careful consideration and contextualization of results based on the methodology used.</p>","PeriodicalId":29774,"journal":{"name":"Pulse","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11666261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Part 2.","authors":"Barry A Franklin, Sae Young Jae","doi":"10.1159/000541166","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In this second section of our 2-part review on the role of physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in preventing and treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), we expand on topics covered in part 1, including a comparison of moderate-intensity continuous training versus high-intensity interval training, the beneficial role of PA and CRF in heart failure, potential mal-adaptations that may result from extreme endurance exercise regimens, and the incidence of cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death during marathon running and triathlon participation. Further, we review the principles of exercise prescription for patients with known or suspected CVD, with specific reference to exercise modalities, contemporary guidelines, the minimum exercise training intensity to promote survival benefits, and long-term goal training intensities, based on age-, sex-, and fitness-adjusted targets. Finally, we provide practical \"prescription pearls\" for the clinician, including a simple rule to estimate metabolic equivalents (METs) during level and graded treadmill walking, research-based exercise training recommendations, using steps per day, MET-minutes per week, and personal activity intelligence to achieve beneficial treatment outcomes, as well as the heart rate index equation to estimate energy expenditure, expressed as METs, during recreational and leisure-time PA.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review compares moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training, examines the role of PA and CRF in managing heart failure, and discusses the cardiovascular risks associated with extreme endurance exercise. It also provides practical guidelines for exercise prescription tailored to patients with CVD, highlighting advanced exercise prescription strategies to optimize cardiovascular health.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Physicians and healthcare providers should prioritize referring patients to home-based or medically supervised exercise programs to leverage the cardioprotective benefits of regular PA. For most inactive patients, an exercise prescription is essential for improving overall health.</p>","PeriodicalId":29774,"journal":{"name":"Pulse","volume":"12 1","pages":"126-138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Part 1.","authors":"Barry A Franklin, Sae Young Jae","doi":"10.1159/000541165","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The cardioprotective benefits and prognostic significance of regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA), increased cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), or both are often underappreciated by the medical community and the patients they serve. Individuals with low CRF are two to three times more likely to die prematurely from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), than their fitter counterparts when matched for risk factor profile or coronary artery calcium (CAC) score. Accordingly, part 1 of this 2-part review examines these relations and the potential underlying mechanisms of benefit (e.g., exercise preconditioning) on atherosclerotic CVD, with specific reference to gait speed and mortality, CRF and PA as separate risk factors, and the relation between CRF and/or PA on attenuating the adverse impact of an elevated CAC score, as well as potentially favorably modifying CAC morphology, and on incident atrial fibrillation, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and on sudden cardiac death (SCD).</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>We explore the underappreciated cardioprotective effects of regular PA and CRF. Part 1 examines how CRF and PA reduce the risk of premature death from atherosclerotic CVD by investigating their roles as separate risk factors, the potential underlying mechanisms of benefit, and their impact on gait speed, mortality, and atrial fibrillation. The review also addresses how CRF and PA may mitigate the adverse impact of an elevated CAC score, potentially modifying CAC morphology, and reduce the risk of SCD.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Regular PA and high CRF are essential for reducing the risk of premature death from CVD and mitigating the negative impact of elevated CAC scores. Additionally, they provide significant protection against SCD and atrial fibrillation, emphasizing their broad cardioprotective effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":29774,"journal":{"name":"Pulse","volume":"12 1","pages":"113-125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Cerebral Infarcts and Encephalopathy as the First Clinical Manifestations of Hypereosinophilic Syndrome: A Case Report and Narrative Review.","authors":"Sonia Romano, Giulia Avola, Marco Cesare Angeli, Francesca Brazzale, Elena Giacopazzi, Paola Castellini, Antonio Genovese","doi":"10.1159/000539379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000539379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypereosinophilic syndrome is characterized by a peripheral blood eosinophil count >1.5 × 10³/μL on two different examinations within a month of each other and/or a 20% or higher percentage of eosinophils in a bone marrow section, associated with organ damage. Rarely, neurological manifestations may occur, even in the early stages. We report a case of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome with Loeffler endocarditis presenting with multiple bilateral strokes and encephalopathy as the first clinical manifestations.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Hypereosinophilia and echocardiographic findings suggested a Loeffler's endocarditis. Blood hyperviscosity and small vessels inflammation induced by the hypereosinophilia itself, the embolization of intracardiac thrombus, along with the impaired clearance of microthrombi in the watershed areas, are the main mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of stroke in the hypereosinophilic syndrome. Additionally, encephalopathy could be considered as a consequence of multiple cerebral infarcts and neurotoxicity induced by hypereosinophilia since our patient's confusion and aggressive behavior gradually remitted after steroid therapy was started.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>To the best of our knowledge, our case report is a rare instance highlighting neurological involvement as the earliest manifestation of hypereosinophilia. We aimed to elucidate the central nervous system involvement in this intriguing disorder, with the goal of encouraging clinicians to consider hypereosinophilic syndrome in the diagnostic assessment of rare stroke etiologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":29774,"journal":{"name":"Pulse","volume":"12 1","pages":"106-112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of Noninvasive Derivation of the Central Aortic Pressure Waveform from Fingertip Photoplethysmography Using a Novel Selective Transfer Function Method.","authors":"James R Cox, Ehad Akeila, Alberto P Avolio, Mark Butlin, Catherine Liao, Gisele J Bentley, Ahmad Qasem","doi":"10.1159/000540666","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Central aortic pressure waveform analyses can provide clinically relevant information beyond conventional brachial blood pressure (BP) assessment. This waveform can be reproduced noninvasively through application of a generalized transfer function (GTF) on a peripheral waveform, as conventionally performed by applanation tonometry. Photoplethysmography (PPG) is an alternate approach; however, differences in measurement site and modality demand the use of a transfer function (TF) specific for those differences. This study aimed to compare central aortic waveform features generated from radial tonometry (reference) using a proprietary GTF with a central aortic waveform and its features generated from a simultaneous fingertip PPG measurement using a selective method where one of three different TFs is chosen based on the input signal harmonic profile.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Brachial BP was measured in triplicate under resting conditions and was used for subsequent calibration. Multiple simultaneous radial tonometry (SphygmoCor CVMS) and fingertip PPG measurements were then performed in individual participants (<i>n</i> = 21, 10 females, age: 39 ± 16 years). Measurements were converted into central aortic waveforms with their respective TFs. Twenty central aortic pressure waveform parameters were compared through correlation analysis, Bland-Altman plots, and a repeated measure mixed-effects ANOVA model. Central aortic waveform shape was compared using the root-mean-squared error (RMSE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Correlation (<i>r</i>) of PPG-derived parameters with radially tonometry-derived central aortic parameters was high ranging from 0.79 to 0.99. Mean differences of pressure-related parameters were within 1.3 mm Hg, and differences of time-related parameters ranged from -2.2 to 3.4%. While some parameters were statistically different, these differences are not physiologically meaningful. Central aortic waveform shape had an average RMSE of 1.8 ± 0.9%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fingertip PPG-derived central aortic waveform parameters using a novel selective TF were comparable to central aortic waveform features derived from radial tonometry using a previously validated GTF.</p>","PeriodicalId":29774,"journal":{"name":"Pulse","volume":"12 1","pages":"95-105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ Reprogramming as a Pro-Angiogenic Inducer to Rescue Ischemic Tissues.","authors":"Seyong Chung, Hak-Joon Sung","doi":"10.1159/000538075","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enhanced regenerative therapeutic strategies are required to treat intractable ischemic heart disease.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Since the discovery of putative endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in 1997, many studies have focused on their extraction, ex vivo processing, and autotransplantation under ischemic conditions. Nonetheless, numerous randomized clinical trials involving thousands of patients have yielded only marginal treatment effects, highlighting the need for advances regarding insufficient dosage and complex ex vivo processing. The prevailing paradigm of cellular differentiation highlights the potential of direct cellular reprogramming, which paves the way for in situ reprogramming. In situ reprogramming holds the promise of significantly enhancing current therapeutic strategies, yet its success hinges on the precise targeting of candidate cells for reprogramming. In this context, the spleen emerges as a pivotal \"in situ reprogramming hub,\" owing to its dual function as both a principal site for nanoparticle distribution and a significant reservoir of putative EPCs. The in situ reprogramming of splenic EPCs offers a potential solution to overcome critical challenges, including the aforementioned insufficient dosage and complex ex vivo processing.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>This review explores the latest advancements in EPC therapy and in situ reprogramming, spotlighting a pioneering study that integrates those two strategies with a specific focus on the spleen. Such an innovative approach will potentially herald a new era of regenerative therapy for ischemic heart disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":29774,"journal":{"name":"Pulse","volume":"12 1","pages":"58-65"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11249613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141634751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}