Archiv fur Religionsgeschichte最新文献

{"title":"The Great, the Little, and the Authoritative Tradition in Magic of the Ancient World","authors":"D. Frankfurter","doi":"10.1515/arege-2014-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/arege-2014-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper develops “magic” as a category useful for describing local forms of an institutional or “great” tradition (using the classic terminology of Robert Redfield): ritual acts, symbols and materials, and constructions of local ritual expertise to interpret elements of a great tradition. Ultimately the paper contributes to the historical relationship between (centralized expressions of) “religion” and “magic” (as some quality or dimension of ritual).","PeriodicalId":29740,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Religionsgeschichte","volume":"16 1","pages":"11 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/arege-2014-0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67352609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sealing the Demons, Once and For All: The Ring of Solomon, the Cross of Christ, and the Power of Biblical Kingship","authors":"Ra'anan S. Boustan, Michael Beshay","doi":"10.1515/arege-2014-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/arege-2014-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper traces the historical development of the tradition that King Solomon made use of a signet-ring to marshal the demons as a labor-force for the construction of the Jerusalem Temple and analyzes the shifting ritual uses to which this tradition was put.We argue that this tradition, which is most fully articulated in the Testament of Solomon, is a Christian innovation of the third and fourth centuries rather than a venerable Jewish tradition with roots in the Second Temple period. This branch of the Solomon tradition first emerged within the context of internal Christian debates of the third century concerning proper baptismal practice, where the power of baptism to provide protection from the demons was linked to debates concerning the efficacy of Solomon’s act of sealing the demons in the temple. In the post-Constantinian period, the ring of Solomon was venerated by pilgrims to Jerusalem as a “relic” of Israelite kingship alongside the True Cross. Like certain strands of the Testament of Solomon literature, the pilgrimage practices performed at this potent site figure Christ’s victory on the cross as the fulfillment-once and for all-of Solomon’s only provisional mastery over the demons. In this context, Solomon’s ring gave concrete expression to Christian claims on the Old Testament past, while also mediating between imperial and ecclesiastical power.","PeriodicalId":29740,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Religionsgeschichte","volume":"16 1","pages":"130 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/arege-2014-0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67352923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Self-sacrifice of Menoeceus in Euripides’ Phoenissae, II Maccabees and Statius’ Thebaid","authors":"J. Bremmer","doi":"10.1515/arege-2014-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/arege-2014-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In his Phoenissae Euripides introduced a unique case of male self-sacrifice before battle instead of the traditional virgin sacrifice. Its appropriation by II Maccabees and Statius as well as by its important resonance until the end of antiquity demonstrates the success of this innovation. In the male-dominated world of the Greeks and Romans, a male self-sacrifice clearly was more attractive to use than that of a virgin. The example of Menoeceus shows that gender does play a role even in the transmission of myths and mythical motives.","PeriodicalId":29740,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Religionsgeschichte","volume":"16 1","pages":"193 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/arege-2014-0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67353275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Popular Hatred Against Christians: the Case of North Africa in the Second and Third Centuries","authors":"É. Rebillard","doi":"10.1515/arege-2014-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/arege-2014-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Popular hatred against Christians is often presented as an important factor in the persecutions. This paper argues that where evidence is available, which is the case for North Africa in the second and third centuries, popular hatred does not seem to play a significant role in the processes that led to the executions of Christians. It further suggests that popular hatred against Christians is in large part a construction of the ecclesiastical leadership. They create a context of communal hostility and violence for episodes that do not seem to amount to more than individual executions and thus try to foster a sense of community among Christians.","PeriodicalId":29740,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Religionsgeschichte","volume":"16 1","pages":"283 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/arege-2014-0016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67353571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In memoriam Walter Burkert (February 2, 1931 – March 11, 2015)","authors":"S. Johnston","doi":"10.1515/AREGE-2014-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/AREGE-2014-0002","url":null,"abstract":"With the passing of Walter Burkert, all of us who study ancient religions and myths have lost a scholar to whom we are indebted for important paths forward, and a colleague and teacher of seemingly boundless enthusiasm and generosity. It truly seems as if an epoch has ended. Walter Burkert began his studies in Erlangen, where in 1955 he wrote a dissertation under the direction of Otto Seel, entitled Zum altgriechischen Mitleidsbegriff. His Habilitation was awarded in 1962, and his Habilitationsschrift was published that same year under the title Weisheit und Wissenschaft. Studien zu Pythagoras, Philolaos und Platon. Its translation into English ten years later (Lore and Learning in Ancient Pythagoreanism) marked the beginning of a pattern: almost every book that Burkert wrote was translated into English, as well as into other languages in many cases. The pattern reflects the eagerness with which a world of scholars awaited Burkert’s insights. His other major books (I give here their English titles, followed by the year of original publication and year of translation) were: Homo Necans: The Anthropology of Greek Sacrificial Ritual and Myth (1972; 1983), Greek Religion (1977; 1983), Structure and History in Greek Mythology and Ritual (1979), The Orientalizing Revolution (1984; 1992), Ancient Mystery Cults (1987), Savage Energies: Lessons of Myth and Ritual in Ancient Greece (1990; 2001), Creation of the Sacred: Tracks of Biology in Early Religion (1996), Babylon, Memphis, Persepolis: Eastern Contexts of Greek Culture (2004). Nor was it only through books that the impact of Burkert’s explorations of ancient religion was felt; he was the master of the tide-turning essay: ‘ΓΟΗΣ: Zum griechischen “Schamanismus”’ (1962), ‘Greek Tragedy and Sacrificial Ritual’ (1966), ‘Apellai und Apollo’ (1975), ‘Orphism and Bacchic Mysteries: New Evidence and Old Problems of Interpretation’ (1977), ‘Itinerant Diviners and Magicians: A Neglected Element in Cultural Contacts’ (1983), and ‘Oriental and Greek Mythology: The Meeting of Parallels’ (1987), for example, changed the ways we look at the ancient world, its rituals, and its beliefs. Luckily for us, his students edited eight volumes of Kleine Schriften, published between 2001 and 2011 as supplements to Hypomnemata (volumes I and VI include a complete bibliography of his publications through the year 2000). Four of these are dedicated to his work on religions and myths. But no one’s work can be represented by titles alone. What Burkert gave us was new ways of looking at ancient Greek religions and myths that forever changed our ideas about who the Greeks were. Three contributions stand out in particular. First, under the influence of Karl Meuli, who had brought classics into contact with ethnology, and of ethologist Konrad Lorenz, who had studied animal behavior, Burkert offered us models for how ancient Greek sacrifice and other rituals had developed that were anchored in what he argued was basic human nature (Homo","PeriodicalId":29740,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Religionsgeschichte","volume":"16 1","pages":"IX - XII"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/AREGE-2014-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67352774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction: Authoritative Traditions and Ritual Power in the Ancient World","authors":"Ra'anan S. Boustan, J. Dieleman, J. Sanzo","doi":"10.1515/arege-2014-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/arege-2014-0003","url":null,"abstract":"The overlapping domains of authority and tradition—and their amalgam “authoritative tradition”—have acquired in recent decades significant power as analytical categories. Prompted in large measure by the pioneering work of Eric Hobsbawm, scholars now examine the diverse ways that authority is generated for certain social groups through the invention of traditions.1 For Hobsbawm, this impulse and capacity to invent traditions is particularly symptomatic of modern societies that during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries have been characterized by","PeriodicalId":29740,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Religionsgeschichte","volume":"249 1","pages":"10 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/arege-2014-0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67352386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ishtar Rejected: Reading a Mesopotamian Goddess in the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite","authors":"Hanne Eisenfeld","doi":"10.1515/arege-2014-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/arege-2014-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper argues that the poet of the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite crafted his mythical narrative in conscious conversation with contemporary traditions surrounding the Mesopotamian goddess Ishtar. The poetic representation of Aphrodite in her encounter with Anchises flirts with characteristics appropriate to Ishtar-personal sexuality, high status within the pantheon, a role as divine patron to mortal kings-only to reject their relevance to Aphrodite. By recognizing that the Greek poet could exert agency in his adaption of Mesopotamian motifs, using them to delimit Aphrodite’s nature within the Greek pantheon, we can perceive the serious conceptual work that the Hymn is doing and the potential use of multicultural models within that process.","PeriodicalId":29740,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Religionsgeschichte","volume":"16 1","pages":"133 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/arege-2014-0009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67353057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bundling Myth, Bungling Myth: The Flood Myth in Ancient and Modern Handbooks of Myth","authors":"R. S. Smith","doi":"10.1515/arege-2014-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/arege-2014-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This essay analyzes the narrative accounts of Deucalion’s flood within the broader context of human creation in two ancient mythographical works of myth (Ovid, Apollodorus) and three modern handbooks. In each case the mythographer has been forced to reshape the episodic-one might say disparate and conflicting -nature of her or his sources and invent new connective tissue to organize early mythic time. The authorial voice and narrative aims of all writers attempting to create a coherent and comprehensive account of this period remain operative even in subliterary works such as Apollodorus’ Bibliotheke and render source criticism problematic.","PeriodicalId":29740,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Religionsgeschichte","volume":"16 1","pages":"243 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/arege-2014-0014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67353147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heraion und Herakult im kaiserzeitlichen Olympia","authors":"A. Hupfloher","doi":"10.1515/afgs.2012.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afgs.2012.225","url":null,"abstract":"Große Heiligt mer mit hoher Zeugnisdichte sind gut geeignet, Fragen nach der Dynamik religiçsen und sozialen Verhaltens in diachronischer Perspektive zu behandeln. F r Olympia gilt dies im besonderen, wo vor allem in der rçmischen Kaiserzeit durchaus spektakul re Ver nderungen zu beobachten sind: ein Tempel, das Metroon, wurde umgewidmet und diente nun dem Herrscherkult, war aber noch unter seiner alten Benennung bekannt (Paus. 5,20,8); den zweiten grçßeren Bau neben dem Zeustempel, das Heraion, pr sentiert uns der Reiseschriftsteller Pausanias im 2. Jahrhundert n.Chr. als einen mit Statuen und Preziosen gef llten Raum. Manche Forscher sprechen daher von einer Art Kunstgalerie, manche von einem „Museum“, andere gehen noch einen Schritt weiter und rechnen bei diesem Geb ude mit einer tiefgreifenden Funktionsverschiebung hin zu einem „Museum oder Lagerraum“ f r wertvolle G ter: dies sei in der rçmischen Kaiserzeit die zentrale, die wichtigste Funktion des Heratempels gewesen, hinter der die religiçse weit zur cktrat. Diese Einsch tzungen f hren zun chst zu der Frage, welche religiçsen und sozialen Funktionen bei einem antiken Tempelgeb ude generell zu erwarten sind und ob sie zu einer musealen Nutzung in Widerspruch oder in Konkurrenz stehen. Ich nehme sodann die These von der weitgehenden Desakralisierung dieses Tempels zum Anlaß, den Herakult im kaiserzeitlichen Olympia ausf hrlich und in systematischer Perspektive zu untersuchen: Welche Riten ken-","PeriodicalId":29740,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Religionsgeschichte","volume":"13 1","pages":"225 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/afgs.2012.225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67161672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The One and the Many in Iranian Creation Myths: Rethinking “Nostalgia for Paradise”","authors":"B. Lincoln","doi":"10.1515/afgs.2012.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afgs.2012.15","url":null,"abstract":"If I may indulge in a moment of reminiscence – a personal creation account of sorts – I first discovered the study of myth in the 1960 s, when T.S. Eliot’s “The Wasteland” (required reading for undergraduates of the era) led me to Frazer’s Golden Bough and attempts to locate contemporary studies of a similar sort led me to Eliade’s Cosmos and History (aka The Myth of the Eternal Return). All three works fascinated me, but the first and last had the deepest effects, for they shared a vision I found attractive as an alienated and callow adolescent. Eliot’s searing verses, accompanied by his learned, if quirky, footnotes identified modernity’s woes not as political, social, or economic (as conventional wisdom had it), but as cultural and religious in nature. More precisely, he lamented the West’s loss of myth, the genre that provided meaning and inspiration to our forebears, while uniting them around a set of orienting traditions and shared beliefs. I am embarassed to say I found this argument bracingly novel, not knowing enough to recognize the strong imprint of Charles Maurras and other reactionaries who had long championed unity under King, Church, and sacred truth against secularism, liberalism, and other forces of disintegration they associated with the Enlightenment and the French Revolution. Eliade shared a","PeriodicalId":29740,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Religionsgeschichte","volume":"13 1","pages":"15 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/afgs.2012.15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67161646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}