The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Quasi-Static Influence Line Identification and Damage Identification of Equal-Span Bridges Based on Measured Vehicle-Induced Deflection","authors":"Kangzhen Yang, You-liang Ding, Han-wei Zhao, F. Geng, Zhen Sun","doi":"10.7250/bjrbe.2022-17.560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2022-17.560","url":null,"abstract":"The bridge influence line (IL) reflects the response of a certain section due to varying load positions. As a result, IL has a wide application prospect in damage identification and condition assessment. Up to date, studies regarding IL have been focused on the structure condition evaluation. A feasible and practical method for damage identification is still not yet available. The present paper proposes a comprehensive damage identification methodology based on IL under a moving vehicle is composed of data pre-processing, IL extraction, and damage detection. Firstly, a thorough review of existing IL identification methods based on signal processing is provided. Then three quasi-static IL identification methods based on measured data are discussed. Consequently, the study proposes a two-stage damage identification approach for simply supported bridges with equal span length. Also, the effectiveness of this approach is verified through field tests on a real girder bridge. At last, conclusions are drawn, and potential issues for the application of the proposed method in practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":297140,"journal":{"name":"The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128581487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility Study of Petrochemical Waste and Cement Usage for Saline Road Subgrade Stabilisation","authors":"M. Keymanesh, A. Falamaki, Hadi Ghodrat","doi":"10.7250/bjrbe.2022-17.565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2022-17.565","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread distributions of saline soils in Iran cause a range of problems for road construction projects due to insufficient shear strength, salt solubility potential and swelling. This paper conducts experimental tests using different cement contents and a sort of petrochemical waste with two curing methods to stabilise saline soil samples. Strength, compressibility and chemical tests were conducted, X-ray diffraction analyses were performed, and scanning electron microscope pictures were prepared for basic materials and stabilised saline soil samples in this paper. The results indicate that both petrochemical soda ash waste and cement enhance the shear strength of saline soil, especially after 28 days of curing. However, the combination is more appropriate from the swelling and salt solubility potential viewpoint. The optimum combination of 2% cement and 5% of petrochemical soda ash waste, cured by method 2 for 28 days, results in the most significant shear strength enhancement (127%). Furthermore, a swelling quantity of the optimum combination is reasonably restricted. X-ray diffraction test results and scanning electron microscope pictures demonstrated that despite the presence of ettringite agents, the formation quantity of these minerals is negligible. The salt is well stabilised, and its solubility potential dramatically decreases.","PeriodicalId":297140,"journal":{"name":"The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131305243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Rest Period and Temperature on the Estimation of Fatigue Life of Bituminous Mixture","authors":"P. Ayyar, Sundaram Lakshmi, A. Padmarekha","doi":"10.7250/bjrbe.2022-17.559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2022-17.559","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the experimental investigation conducted to study the influence of temperature and rest period on different methods of estimation of fatigue life of the bituminous mixture. Four-point beam bending tests were conducted on the bituminous mixture prepared with one unmodified binder and two different modified binders (crumb rubber modified and elastomer modified binder). The test was conducted at 20 °C and 0 °C using continuous loading and a rest period between two load cycles. The fatigue life was estimated using stiffness modulus and energy dissipation. The performance of three different bituminous mixtures was ranked—ranking a bituminous mixture based on the fatigue performance varied with temperature and loading condition. In addition, the ranking also varied with different post-processing methods adopted.","PeriodicalId":297140,"journal":{"name":"The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116256070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory Evaluation of the Properties of Dense Graded Asphalt Mixtures Containing Waste Glass Fibre and Crumb Rubber","authors":"R. Izaks, Liga Gebauere, Romans Kornisovs, V. Haritonovs","doi":"10.7250/bjrbe.2022-17.564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2022-17.564","url":null,"abstract":"Due to environmental issues and rising costs of construction materials, there is an increasing desire to use reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material in road construction. However, using too much of this material may lead to impairment of fundamental properties of asphalt mix. Glass fibre material is a well-known modifier and could be used to compensate possible downgrade of properties. Research articles and theoretical material have shown that adding too much fibre glass reinforcement could cause damage to asphalt mixture. Therefore, in this research, reference mixture has been compared to three projected AC 11 surface mixtures with different amount of fibre glass. The same has been done to HMAC mixtures, but in this case, there is crumb rubber used as mixture modifier. Experimental part has shown that using fibre glass in asphalt mixtures for both construction layers may have positive influence on fundamental parameters of HMAC and AC asphalt mixes, which can be a good solvation for using waste glass fibre in road construction.","PeriodicalId":297140,"journal":{"name":"The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123863064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical Analysis of Track Geometry Parameters on Tramway Line No. 1 in Budapest","authors":"V. Jover, S. Fischer","doi":"10.7250/bjrbe.2022-17.561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2022-17.561","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the superstructures of the tramway tracks of tramway line No. 1 in Budapest (the capital of Hungary). Since the first appearance of tramways, several technological advancements have been made to serve passenger needs as efficiently as possible. Several types of tramway track superstructure systems can be differentiated, which are implemented differently in each project. Furthermore, these superstructure types have different degradation times (both geometrical and structural), which depend on several factors. Nowadays, visual inspections are no longer considered sufficient in monitoring the tracks’ condition and deterioration, thus it is necessary to consider examinations carried out using the sensors mounted on the vehicles. Adopting appropriate methods, the measured data can be modeled and the life cycle of superstructures and structural elements can be determined as a result of sufficiently long-term studies (i.e., life cycle costs, the whole lifetime, etc.). First, the authors present a review of the relevant international literature, after that they conduct analysis of track geometry parameters of the superstructures related to five sections on the investigated tramway line based on the results of the measurements performed for three consecutive years between 2019 and 2021. The analyses consist primarily in statistical examination of the measured and calculated parameters.","PeriodicalId":297140,"journal":{"name":"The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131421849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case-Based Reasoning and Random Forest Framework for Selecting Preventive Maintenance of Flexible Pavement Sections","authors":"S. Abu Dabous, Khaled Hamad, R. Al-Ruzouq, W. Zeiada, M. Omar, Lubna Obaid","doi":"10.7250/bjrbe.2022-17.562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2022-17.562","url":null,"abstract":"Pavement maintenance decision-making is receiving significant attention in recent research, since pavement infrastructure is aging and deteriorating. The decision-making process is mainly related to selecting the most appropriate maintenance intervention for pavement sections to ensure performance and enhance safety. Several preventive maintenance methods have been proposed in the previous studies, yet the potential of implementing Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) in pavement maintenance decision-making has been investigated rarely. The CBR is an artificial intelligence technique, it is knowledge-based on several known cases, which are used to adapt a solution for a new case through retrieving similar cases. This research introduces the CBR to the area of pavement management to select the most appropriate preventive maintenance strategy for flexible pavement sections. The needed database was extracted from maintenance cases at Long-Term Pavement Performance Program. The criteria used to characterize condition of each section were identified based on the common practices in pavement maintenance published in the literature and implemented in the field. To assign weights to the selected criteria, different machine learning techniques were tested, and subsequently, Random Forest (RF) algorithm was selected to be integrated with the proposed CBR method producing the CBR-RF framework. A case study was analyzed to validate the proposed framework and a sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the influence of each criterion on case retrieval accuracy and overall framework performance. Results indicated that the CBR-RF approach could assist effectively in the preventive maintenance decision-making with regard to new cases by learning from the previous similar cases. Accordingly, several agencies can depend on the proposed framework, while facing similar decision-making problems. Future research can compare the CBR-RF framework with other machine learning algorithms using the same dataset included in this research.","PeriodicalId":297140,"journal":{"name":"The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127131470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact Assessment of Asphalt Concrete in Geogrid-Reinforced-Pile-Supported Embankment During High-Speed Train Traffic","authors":"Ishola Valere Loic Chango, Goubi Cyriaque Assogba, M. Yan, Ling Xianzhang, J. G. Mitobaba","doi":"10.7250/bjrbe.2022-17.563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2022-17.563","url":null,"abstract":"Railroad structural behaviour is a significant factor for safety and comfort during high-speed train operation. Intending to improve railway performance, increase its bearing capacity, and reduce vibrations induced by train passage, asphalt concrete has become a material to be integrated into railway construction. Despite several studies evaluating asphalt concrete effect on the railway mechanical behaviour, its impact assessment remains poorly understood. This study investigates the impact of asphalt concrete material in the geogrid-reinforced-pile-supported embankment structure subjected to high-speed train moving. A 3D nonlinear finite element model was developed to simulate Harbin (Dalian (China) instrumented railroad test section accurately. The high-speed train moving load was modelled as a transitory dynamic load via a user-defined subroutine 3D load in which the track irregularity is incorporated. The established model was effectively validated by the vibration acceleration and stress measured in the field test section. The asphalt concrete viscoelasticity behaviour was incorporated into the 3D geogrid-reinforced-pile-supported embankment finite element model through the Prony series to characterise its mechanical response better. The impact of asphalt concrete material in maintaining a low and constant structural vibration, regardless of train weight level, moving speed variations, and weather conditions were investigated, analysed and discussed.","PeriodicalId":297140,"journal":{"name":"The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130132935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Investigation of High Temperature Behaviour of an Asphalt Binder Modified with Laval University Silica Based on Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery Test","authors":"Reza Fallah, G. Shafabakhsh, Z. Bahrami","doi":"10.7250/bjrbe.2022-17.551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2022-17.551","url":null,"abstract":"For experimental investigation of the high temperature behaviour of an asphalt binder modified with Laval university silica (LUS-1) nanostructured particle, four different asphalt binders were produced using a mixture of 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt% of this additive and a neat bitumen at 170 °C. The neat bitumen was yielded from crude oil refining and had a penetration grade of 85–100. After a 20 min vibration, the produced mixtures were mechanically mixed for 30 min in a high-shear homogenizer mixer with an angular velocity of 4500 rpm. Then, the modified binders and neat bitumen were subjected to multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test, after the aging process in rolling thin film oven (RTFOT) test. The results of this study, which were in agreement with the results of the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test, indicated that LUS-1 could improve the high temperature behaviour of binders. The greatest improvement occurred using 4 wt% of LUS-1, where this improvement was more pronounced at high stress levels. Elevating the levels of stress and temperature led to diminished traffic grade and more viscous behaviour in asphalt binders modified with LUS-1.","PeriodicalId":297140,"journal":{"name":"The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129881483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deficiencies Under Service Loads","authors":"Yavuz Yardım, E. Periku, M. Köroglu","doi":"10.7250/bjrbe.2022-17.556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2022-17.556","url":null,"abstract":"Conditions of existing bridges are often problematic issues and expensive to resolve for many countries. In order to anticipate and reduce these problems, the combination of various general and local factors causing degradation needs to be identified in the early stage. The identification of these problems reveals the need for local research and detailed inspection for bridges. Reinforced Concrete Bridges in Albania were built at different standards in different periods and were exposed to rapidly increasing and changing traffic loads in the last three decades. This situation made the structural assessment of the bridges inevitable in the local conditions. Although the existing condition of these bridges had not been clearly defined, after democratization and joining the European Council (the 1990s), new bridges were rapidly built and existing bridges were strengthened with different methods. In this context, the structural condition of existing reinforced concrete bridges in Albania was examined in this study. The condition of Albanian bridges was presented in this paper based on visual inspection of 104 bridges covering the total length of 7271.6 m along 263 km road from different parts of the country, concentrating on local causes of deteriorations. The main causes of the defects are figured out in the study as traffic load, natural force, aging, lack of maintenance, and last but not least construction and design deficiencies. The study concludes that the general physical condition of the bridges is poor, so the services provided by the bridges are potentially at risk. The results obtained at the end of this study may be valid for countries with similar features, e.g., other Balkan countries.","PeriodicalId":297140,"journal":{"name":"The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering","volume":"333 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133712081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macroscopic Modelling of Predicted Automated Vehicle Emissions","authors":"Mohammed Obaid, Arpad Torok","doi":"10.7250/bjrbe.2022-17.550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2022-17.550","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the effect of automated vehicle implementation on transport system emission from a macroscopic point of view. The paper considers several scenarios differing in passenger car unit (PCU) and the penetration share percent of automated vehicles in the system using PTV Visum software. The study presents that automated vehicles reduce total emission by both the effect of smooth driving of each automated vehicle independently and the spread of automated vehicles in the network. Furthermore, apart from considering the effect of different PCU values and penetration levels, the developed model takes into account three different types of emissions and seven different vehicle classes.","PeriodicalId":297140,"journal":{"name":"The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114773392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}