The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Experimental and Analytical Studies of String Steel Structure for Bridges","authors":"Edmundas Beivydas, A. Juozapaitis, I. Paeglite","doi":"10.7250/2023-18.622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/2023-18.622","url":null,"abstract":"Due to their efficiency, suspension structures are widely used in both roof slabs and different kinds of bridges, from which stress ribbon pedestrian bridges can be distinguished. The main disadvantage of the latter is high deformability, especially under asymmetrical loads. Recently, string structures or their systems have been introduced into bridge building. Numerical and experimental analysis of string behaviour under symmetrical and asymmetrical loads is carried out in the article. Analytical expressions for the calculation of string displacements and tensile forces are presented. The impact of the string pre-stress on the state of its stresses and deformations was evaluated. The assessment of the accuracy of analytical expressions by applying the results of numerical and experimental research is presented. A methodology is proposed for calculating the pre-stressing force taking into account the operational requirements. Three main loading options at different string pre-stress values are analysed. It is worth mentioning that the difference (error) between the analytical and numerical results is not extensive, it does not exceed 3%. It is necessary to notice that in all cases, the analytically obtained results are somewhat higher than FEM (numerically) obtained results.","PeriodicalId":297140,"journal":{"name":"The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138951942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunities for Multimodal Transport Development to Promote a Sustainable Environment","authors":"A. Jarašūnienė, Domantas Lapėnas","doi":"10.7250/2023-18.620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/2023-18.620","url":null,"abstract":"The rapidly growing global production and trade increase the demand for transport and logistics, leading to the establishment of increasingly more new companies providing these services. This also results in a much larger number of vehicles, which is not always a positive thing. Excessive vehicle traffic leads to an increase in environmental pollution, noise and traffic accidents, which have a highly negative impact on society and, more specifically, on human health. The negative impact on the environment has been increasing, and therefore representatives of national politics, the transport and logistics sectors should be alarmed and take action to reduce the environmental pollution. The development of the transport system should be carefully planned and geared towards achieving green and sustainable transport. In order to create a sustainable freight transport network, certain alternatives that could help to stop or at least reduce the process of environmental pollution should be pursued. One of such alternatives is the use of multimodal transport, which involves several different modes of transport for transporting one freight. This both distributes and reduces the burden on the currently dominant road transport mode, which contributes significantly to environmental pollution and is not sufficiently sustainable.","PeriodicalId":297140,"journal":{"name":"The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering","volume":"132 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138953470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying and Assessing the Functionality of IT Systems for the Maintenance and Development of the Road Network","authors":"Marcin Świtała, Anna Ledwolorz","doi":"10.7250/2023-18.616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/2023-18.616","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of research aimed at identifying and assessing the functionality of IT systems in activities related to the maintenance and development of the road network managed by local government units. Starting the research, the authors were operating under the assumption that, nowadays, IT systems should play an important role in solving problems related to the management of road infrastructure. The applied research method took a form of a survey, and the research sample consisted of 100 local government units acting as administrators of the road network, i.e., administrators of municipal roads (AMR), county roads (ACR) and operating within cities with independent county rights (ACCR). The results of the research indicate that few administrators utilise integrated information systems in practice. Their users turned out to be mainly representatives of the ACCR group, who use several different support systems on a daily basis, with different functionality and usability. The operation of IT systems is mainly used at the level of operational work related to the implementation of ongoing maintenance activities, excluding the possibility of using them in strategic management.","PeriodicalId":297140,"journal":{"name":"The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138948166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Socio-Economic Benefits from the Construction of Bypasses of Transport Infrastructure","authors":"J. Ćetković, Biljana Ivanović, Radoje Vujadinović, M. Žarković, Marija Grujić","doi":"10.7250/2023-18.621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/2023-18.621","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to analyse the feasibility of the second phase of the construction of the Rožaje (Montenegro) bypass project. The objectives of the construction of this bypass are to eliminate or reduce existing problems by redirecting transit flows to the bypass. Based on the observed economic costs of construction and the expected economic benefits from the project in a 20-year period, by applying Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA), the indicators of the project economic feasibility were determined. As part of the socio-economic analysis of the project feasibility, the expected benefits for transport users (savings in travel time and savings in the vehicle exploitation costs), as well as external impacts (impacts on safety and impacts on the environment) were assessed. The analysis showed the dominant savings are in travel time and vehicle exploitation costs. The economic net present value (ENPV) of this project is positive and amounts to EUR 55 054 502, the economic internal rate of return (EIRR) is 26.88% (with a discount rate of 5%), while the benefit-cost ratio (B/CR) is 4.96. All scenarios developed within the Project Sensitivity Analysis have confirmed that this project has satisfactory economic justification.","PeriodicalId":297140,"journal":{"name":"The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering","volume":"42 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138951769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Analysis of One-Level Signalized Urban Intersections with Exclusive Pedestrian Phases and Diagonal Crossings","authors":"V. Grigonis, Vladislav Kondratovič, Vytautas Palevičius, Dainora Juozevičiūtė, Tomas Karpavičius, J. Smirnovs","doi":"10.7250/2023-18.619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/2023-18.619","url":null,"abstract":"The exclusive pedestrian (hereinafter P) phase with a diagonal crossing is routinely introduced to improve P safety at high-volume intersections. The article analyses and evaluates the feasibility of the exclusive P phase and diagonal crossing at single-level smaller intersections, identifying the advantages and disadvantages of the exclusive P phase and diagonal crossing from the point of view of time losses. In the experimental part, traffic flow modelling is carried out. The traffic flow simulations show that an exclusive P phase is most beneficial in terms of time losses at an intersection with 2+2 lane intersecting streets and ≥ 900 P/hour with ≥ 1600 vehicles/hour (hereinafter V). In addition, an exclusive P phase can be implemented at the small intersections analysed in this paper, where the volume of V is low or medium, regardless of the number of P at the intersection.","PeriodicalId":297140,"journal":{"name":"The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering","volume":"78 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138951404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of Black Cotton Soil Stabilized with Brick Dust-Lime for Pavement Road Construction: An Experimental and Numerical Approach","authors":"D. Melese, Belete Aymelo, Tewodros Weldesenbet, Alemineh Sorsa","doi":"10.7250/2023-18.618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/2023-18.618","url":null,"abstract":"Black cotton soil is highly susceptible to volume change due to moisture fluctuations. This leads to the deformation of structures built on such soil. Therefore, the aim of this study is to improve the soil-bearing capacity and deformation analysis of black cotton soil. The laboratory tests were done according to the American Association State of highway and Transport Official (AASHTO) and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). These tests were natural moisture content, grain size distribution, X-ray diffraction test, Atterberg limit test, modified compaction, California bearing ratio, and triaxial test. Soil sample was stabilized with a ratio of 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, and 16% of brick dust and 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% of lime, respectively. The result of the laboratory test at the optimum percentage of 12% brick dust and 5% lime shows that the liquid limit improved from 93.2% to 67.5%, plastic limit improved from 48.71%, to 58.2%. The optimum moisture content improved from 26.76 to18.5% and Maximum dry density improved from 1.42 g/cm3 to 1.58 g/cm3. The California bearing ratio improved from 1.29%, to 13.6%. The deformation analysis result shows that at optimum percentage of stabilizing agent, the deformation reduced from 2.087 mm to 0.973 mm. Therefore, brick dust-lime soil stabilization shows the promising improvement of weak subgrade soil.","PeriodicalId":297140,"journal":{"name":"The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138952529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Mechanical and Electromagnetic Performance of Asphalt Concrete Containing Different Ratios of Graphite Powder as a Filler to be Potentially Used as Part of Wireless Electric Roads","authors":"Orhan Kaya, Hatice Merve Annagur, Olcay Altintas","doi":"10.7250/2023-18.617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/2023-18.617","url":null,"abstract":"This study experimentally investigates the usability of asphalt concrete pavement containing five different ratios of graphite powder (0%, 1.25%, 2.5%, 3.75% and 5% by weight of the aggregate blend or 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the filler content) as a filler to be potentially used as part of wireless electric roads (ER). As part of the study, first, optimum asphalt binder content for the asphalt mixes without graphite powder was determined as 5%. Then, using the determined optimum asphalt binder content, asphalt mixes containing five different ratios of graphite powder as a filler were prepared and their mechanical and volumetric properties based on Marshall mix design methodology were evaluated. As graphite powder ratios in the asphalt mixes increased, their Marshall stability, flow, voids filled with asphalt and unit weight test results mostly decreased but their air content and voids in mineral aggregate test results increased. Possible reasons for this could be: (1) lower bulk specific gravity of graphite powder, (2) higher asphalt absorbance, (3) having greater surface area compared to that of limestone filler, and (4) weak bonds between sheet-like graphite layers. Furthermore, another batch of asphalt mixes containing five different ratios of graphite powder were prepared and tested in the frequency range of 3–18 GHz for their electromagnetic permittivity properties. It was observed in this study that, except for the specimens with 100% graphite powder ratios, transmission magnitudes of all specimens were above 50% up to 8 GHz, indicating that they had comparably high transmission magnitudes so as comparably low tangent loss values. In the frequency range of 3–13 GHz, transmission magnitudes of the specimens with 25% and 50% graphite powder ratios were consistently higher than that having no graphite powder, the ones with 25% powder ratios had the highest transmission magnitudes in most of the cases in this frequency range. Considering the mechanical, volumetric and electromagnetic property test results of the asphalt mixes with five different ratios of graphite powder, it can be concluded that the use of 25% graphite powder ratio (corresponding to 1.25% of the aggregate blend used in the mixes), has a comparably lower negative effect on mechanical and volumetric properties of asphalt mixes and has a positive effect on electromagnetic permittivity properties of asphalt mixes. Asphalt mixes produced with this graphite powder ratio can be considered to be used as part of wireless ER.","PeriodicalId":297140,"journal":{"name":"The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138994134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Applicability of Limiting Phase Angle Temperatures for Specifying Asphalt Binder Low Temperature Performance","authors":"Kristjan Lill, Karli Kontson, A. Aavik","doi":"10.7250/2023-18.623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/2023-18.623","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the applicability of using limiting phase angle temperatures, measured in the Dynamic Shear Rheometer, for low temperature ranking of performance, in comparison with limiting low temperature grades in accordance with AASHTO TP 122-16 extended Bending Beam Rheometer method. During this study, also other low-temperature test methods were compared to each other. For this purpose, 13 asphalt binders were sourced from around North-Eastern Europe, twelve of which are currently used throughout Estonia as well as the neighbouring countries. The thirteenth was a high-quality Laguna Venezuela binder that is no longer commercially available in the region but was deemed suitable for comparison. Samples were tested to measure their needle penetration, Superpave Grades, Fraass breaking points, AASHTO TP 122-16 limiting low temperature grades and limiting 30° phase angle temperatures. Additionally, a correlation found in previous work was applied to the set of samples studied in this paper. Of the binders tested, the low temperature behaviour of the Venezuelan binder stands out with better performance. The analysis suggests that the twelve commercially available binders are from a similar source which was observed through their tendency to undergo thermo-reversible aging. The study shows that the phase angle approach provides a reasonable surrogate for the AASHTO TP 122-16 limiting low temperature grade. However, the latter should currently remain the preferred approach.","PeriodicalId":297140,"journal":{"name":"The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138950184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis and Evaluation of Short City Tunnel Lighting Solutions","authors":"Vytenis Puzonas, Alfredas Laurinavičius, L. Juknevičiūtė-Žilinskienė","doi":"10.7250/2023-18.624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/2023-18.624","url":null,"abstract":"The study focused on the lighting in road tunnels within the city of Vilnius. The condition of the lighting was assessed both visually and through measurements of road surface illumination (brightness). High-quality lighting in road tunnels is crucial for ensuring safe and optimal conditions for car travel. Well-designed lighting reduces stress, enhances information visibility for drivers, ensures uniform visibility throughout the tunnel, and promotes efficient energy use. After analysing the data, the required road surface luminance was calculated following the technical regulations applicable to road tunnel lighting design in other countries. The results suggest a need to update the lighting in existing road tunnels by adopting new types of lamps, adjusting their arrangement, and enhancing the physical characteristics of the tunnels.","PeriodicalId":297140,"journal":{"name":"The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering","volume":"24 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138950243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Liquid Polymers on the Strength and Freezing-Thawing Properties of Bentonite and Kaolin Clays: A Comparative Study for Cold Climates","authors":"Zeynep Neşe KURT ALBAYRAK, Mehmet Akif Isik","doi":"10.7250/bjrbe.2023-18.597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2023-18.597","url":null,"abstract":"Clay soils can exhibit swelling and settlement behaviour when interacted with water. The clays located in road infrastructure can damage the road pavement and cause cracks because of swelling and/or settlement of clays. The freezing-thawing processes of clay soils can increase the damages of pavement. Additionally, the strength losses can occur. Weak soils can be improved using various soil improvement techniques with or without additives. In this study, liquid polymers (polyurethane, epoxy resin, and styrene acrylic) were combined with clays in various amounts (5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, and 20 wt.%) to improve the strength and investigate the freezing-thawing behaviour of high-plasticity bentonite and low-plasticity kaolin clay. Unconfined compression tests and freezing-thawing cycles were performed on the samples with additives that were cured for 1 and 7 days. As a result, it was observed that polyurethane, epoxy resin, and styrene acrylic additives had positive effects on both the unconfined compressive and the post freezing-thawing unconfined compressive strengths of low and high plasticity clays in cold climates.","PeriodicalId":297140,"journal":{"name":"The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127075797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}