Economics Ecology Socium最新文献

{"title":"The stock market infrastructure development in formation of the investment bank business model in Ukraine","authors":"Y. Onyshchenko","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2021.5.3-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2021.5.3-5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Modern trends in the world economy development cause an objective process of increasing stock market role and stimulate forming of investment bank business model in the domestic financial markets. \u0000Aim and tasks. The aim is to determine the role of the stock market infrastructure development in formation of the investment bank business model in Ukraine. It is necessary to perform the following tasks to achieve this goal: to determinate direction of Ukrainian financial market development and to analyze dynamic of the structure of loan and investment bank portfolio in last five years which allow to evaluate forming of the investment bank business model in Ukraine; to estimate the stock market infrastructure development through its participants. \u0000Results. The analysis of the loan and investment bank portfolio structure has shown rising of banks’ interest to the operations in the stock market and forming of the investment bank business model in Ukraine. But the structure of the investment portfolio of Ukrainian banks is dominated by domestic government bonds. The main reasons of such investment structure: the low total trading volume in the stock market; the absence of other financial instruments in the stock market; the low level of stock market development through the need to form stock market infrastructure. Studying the stock market infrastructure essence has substantiated the using of institutional approach to identify the level of its development. To the infrastructure participants in the stock market it is carried out organization of trade in financial instruments, clearing institutions, depository system, information, analytical and rating agencies. The infrastructural participants of the stock market in Ukraine has been characterized and analyzed. \u0000Conclusions. The Ukrainian stock market infrastructure is actively developing in the direction of creating conditions that brings it as close as possible to European and world standards. Such situation will make foundation of the investment bank business model forming. But conducted research has shown that it is necessary, on the one side, to stimulate the increase in stock trading volume and, on the other side, to make the stock market more accessible not only to investors, but to individuals too. The development of information technologies as an integral part of the stock market infrastructure in Ukraine has been worked out.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90252323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors hindering the development of agricultural cooperatives in Georgia","authors":"Hamlet Sanikidze","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2021.5.3-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2021.5.3-4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The lack of an appropriate methodological basis for creating agricultural cooperative system prevents the process of organizing formation of new agricultural cooperatives, which leads to an objective need to develop the organizational and economic basis for the formation and operation of agricultural cooperatives. In this regard, the research and study of theoretical aspects, analysis of objective conditions for the formation and operation of agricultural cooperatives, development of methodological provisions and practical recommendations to substantiate their organizational and economic mechanism, including matters of management, profit, price, credit, formation and distribution are topical to the issue and most of the components listed above are of great practical importance. \u0000Aim and tasks. The aim of the research is to develop scientific, organizational and economic basis for the establishment and operation of agricultural cooperatives in a multistructural economy. The objectives of the research are: identifying the essence of the cooperative, adding several principles to the formation and classification of agricultural cooperatives, determining the conditions and factors necessary for their creation. \u0000Results. Theoretical and regulatory aspects of formation and development of agricultural cooperatives were specified taking into account the introduction of new principles for their operation: mandatory creation of indivisible funds for innovative activities, agricultural producers’ interest and expediency for their participation in the associations; and classification of cooperatives in the production and service industries. \u0000Conclusions. Based on consideration of the integrated approach to the formation of cooperatives and farmers’ organizations, necessary documentation and calculation of economic efficiency, the methodological provisions developed in the process of the research on the establishment and operation of agricultural cooperatives will allow agricultural producers to approach the formation of necessary cooperatives skillfully, easily determine the absolute and specific tax burden of agricultural cooperatives.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81601898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic and ecological rationalities: uses and abuses of the political exceptionality in the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Raoni Borges Barbosa, Jean Henrique Costa, Farshid Hadi","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2021.5.2-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2021.5.2-1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. This article discusses some anthropological and sociological slight reflections about the uses and the abuses of the political exceptionality in the Covid-19 pandemic. The relevance is connected with questions about the \"New Norm\", permeated with the daily destructiveness of antisocial metabolic practices of an even more predatory capitalism, whose social control cannot regulate violent neoliberal extraction in a mode of accumulation. \u0000Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to study the gradual resumption of interrupted social activities as a policy measure to combat the New Coronavirus Pandemic is placed from the perspective of its economic and ecologic rationalities as well as from the perspective of the new moral, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral demands directed to the common social actor and agent of big and small cities. \u0000Results. The article substantiates the context of the so-called \"new norm\", permeated by the daily destructiveness of antisocial metabolic practices of even more predatory capitalism in a violent neoliberal form. Therefore, due to this discrepancy between legality and legitimacy, the level of authoritarianism and further growth of inequality and indifference among people increases. In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, there is a mismatch between legality and legitimacy, as well as the legitimization of the interests of individual actors in the market as opposed to the adoption of legislation and for pro-capital interests. The principles of legitimacy were limited by bureaucratic rationality and the genocidal legalism of neoliberal politics. \u0000Conclusions. The pandemic has disrupted economies, has mainly punished the poorest and most underserved and has destabilized governments of various ideological nuances. Participants at all levels of the economy will suffer the most severe and immediate consequences of all losses. This is the controversial logic of capital and one of its main contradictions is revealed.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88723542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of human-capital development tools in insurance companies","authors":"M. Bublyk, Tetiana Kopach, T. Pikhniak","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2021.5.2-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2021.5.2-5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The urgent task of modern corporate governance is to use innovative tools to develop the knowledge economy, where the primary source of wealth is human capital. A critical factor in the development of human capital in the new pandemic environment is to ensure the efficiency of staff to achieve commercial goals under any conditions of a sharp change in quarantine restrictions. The search for new tools for human capital development in insurance companies is an urgent and objective need. It will strengthen the competitive advantages of insurance companies in the face of such global challenges and threats as a pandemic. \u0000Aim and tasks. The article aims to determine the role and importance of tools for human capital development, to find new ways to improve them, taking into account the trends of pandemic waves. The following main tasks are 1) to explore the essence of existing tools for human capital development; 2) to establish the relationship between the use of appropriate tools for human capital development in the context of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic; 3) propose approaches to the use of human capital development tools to qualitatively and quantitatively increase the competitiveness of insurance companies. \u0000Results. The article examines the essence of existing tools for human capital development at the macro and micro levels. The essence of outsourcing, outstaffing, personnel leasing, crowdsourcing, coworking, freelancing is analyzed. The relationship between the use of appropriate tools for human capital development in the context of the spread of new waves of the COVID-19 pandemic and the effectiveness of insurance companies is established. Approaches to using human capital development tools to qualitatively and quantitatively increase insurance companies' competitiveness are proposed. \u0000Conclusions. The paper defines the role and importance of such tools for human capital development as outsourcing, outstaffing, staff leasing, crowdsourcing, coworking, freelancing. Ways to improve them, taking into account the trends of pandemic waves, are proposed. A direct relationship between applying the tools of human capital development in the new waves of the COVID-19 pandemic and the effectiveness of insurance companies is established. It is proposed to use the analyzed tools to qualitatively and quantitatively increase the competitiveness of insurance companies.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78933307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Internet of Things in Industry 4.0","authors":"Kremena Marinova-Kostova, I. Kostov","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2021.5.2-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2021.5.2-6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Industry 4.0 is a concept that is considered a new phase in the Industrial Revolution, closely related to the application of information technologies and the digital transformation of manufacturing. The main purpose is to be created a more holistic and more connected ecosystem, focused on supply chain management in industrial companies. Implementation of solutions in Industry 4.0 is mostly related to the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT). Mass deployment of this type of technology in industrial enterprises is the basis of the so-called Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Achieving interoperability in the IIoT requires the combination of two technologies: the Internet of Things and the Internet of People. \u0000Aim and tasks. This article describes the implementation of the concept of the Internet of Things in industrial enterprises, as a key technology factor for developing Industry 4.0. \u0000Results. A brief overview of the evolution of industrial production - from the beginning of the Industrial Revolution to the emergence of Industry 4.0 is made. The main principles for implementing Industry 4.0 solutions ensure that the entire production process is computerized. Industry 4.0 solutions are mostly associated with the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) whose definition and essence are obtained in this article. Based on the various concepts of the IoT are presented solutions that can be used in the industry, namely: in consumer devices in technology used in public organizations in infrastructure applications in industrial applications, also called the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Therefore, we can say that there is a significant potential for improving production processes as regards: optimization of operations, forecasting equipment support, inventory optimization, improving workers' security, shipping chain optimization, etc. \u0000Conclusions. The application of the Internet of Things in enterprises is an important and decisive step in the process of their digital transformation and transition to Industry 4.0. The interaction between humans and machines, carried out through Internet technologies, leads to the emergence of the Internet of Everything, which will be a basic concept in industrial production in the coming years. However, the role of man in the production process should not be completely eliminated, but solutions should be sought that support and intellectualize his work.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87926429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutional provision of infocommunication sphere development in the conditions of digitalization of national economy","authors":"V. Koval, T. Neboha, P. Nesenenko","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2021.5.2-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2021.5.2-3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article examines the problems of institutional provision for innovative development of the infocommunications as a component of the sphere of digitalization of Ukraine. The subjects have been singled out and the shortcomings in relation to the institutional provision of the innovative development of the country's infocommunication sphere have been identified. Determining the leading role of the infocommunication sphere in the process of formation and development of innovation infrastructure of the national economy, and on the basis of research of organizational, economic, innovative and legal bases of regulatory activity of the system of state and non-state institutions proposals are made to improve institutional development of infocommunication sphere. \u0000Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to study the features and problems of institutional provision for innovative development of the infocommunications as a component of the sphere of digitalization of Ukraine and provide suggestions on ways to improve it. \u0000Result. An analysis of basic legal acts aimed at regulating scientific, technical and innovative activities of Ukraine is provided. The characteristic features of economic activity in the infocommunication sphere are highlighted and the factors that hinder the innovative development of the digitalization of Ukraine are formed. It is shown that the institutional provision of innovation in Ukraine is represented by an extensive structure, as government regulation should provide solutions to existing problems in the economy and concentrate available resources for the effective implementation of research and innovation. Conceptual bases of creation of innovation and investment hubs in the country are formed, principles of their formation are allocated, among which basic are - concentration, common interests and interaction, and models of their financial and infectious maintenance. \u0000Conclusions. Based on the study, the authors proposed in the process of regulating the innovative development of the infocommunication sphere to apply a systematic approach with the definition of methods and mechanisms of state regulation, which should be formed and enshrined in law. The consequence of consistent state provision of the innovation and institutional environment will be the creation of favorable conditions for doing business in the country and the development of creative human potential.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81565123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic and ecological space “Kuyalnitskiy”: organizational and investment support for development","authors":"O. Rubel","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2021.5.2-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2021.5.2-8","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Kuyalnyk estuary has a remarkable medical and health potential of national importance, its unique properties are of international value, which predetermines recognition of respective areas as protected areas. In addition, proximity of Kuyalnyk estuary to the city of Odesa causes expansion of not only cooperation vectors with representatives of business groups in Odesa region, as  well as creating demand in service market at this area. However, presently, economiс-ecological potential of Kuyalnyk estuary area is not used properly, which significantly affects social and infrastructural level of this area, and decreases investment attraction of this resort. \u0000Aim and tasks. In this paper it is proposed to consider theoretical and methodological principles of developing ecologically oriented business activity at the stage of planning protected object: Natural National Park (NNP) “Kuyalnitskiy”; to analyze tools for cooperation with economic private sector representatives, which will ensure protected areas development as a multifunctional space. \u0000Results. This paper substantiates ways to develop regional program of targeted economiс-ecological support for entrepreneurial activity development in the areas of Ukrainian nature reserve fund; it is suggested implementing public-private policy that allows developing future Natural National Park “Kuyalnitskiy” as innovative area – “space” aimed at streamlining processes of nature management, creating new formats of business activity, improving ecological-economic situation in the region, creating conditions for sustainable development. \u0000Conclusions. Taking into account dual economic and regulatory status of Kuyalnyk estuary, it is necessary to plan such vectors of business activity that can simultaneously meet the needs of sanatoriums and have environmentally friendly format that will consider reasonable level of anthropogenic load at this area. The proximity to the city of Odesa will ensure development and market demand for various types of economic-ecological business activities, as well as appropriate level of “neighbourhood urban planning”.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78259635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food security problems for developing countries in the conditions of COVID-19: case of Georgia","authors":"N. Jabnidze, Leila Tsetskhladze, Ia Meskhidze","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2021.5.2-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2021.5.2-2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Food security has not been a concern of any particular state and is a global problem for already a long time. It, as an economic category in the scientific literature, is considered from the position of ensuring the security of the global world problem, regions, individual countries, population groups and individual people. It is a multifaceted issue, closely linked to other security issues, and has a great impact on the national safety situation, which in turn is an economic, social and political category. COVID-19 has created a large-scale economic crisis. The pandemic has had a major impact on food security and the field of nutrition. The crisis has affected food systems and threatened public access to food, raising the issue of food self-sufficiency in countries.Aim and tasks. In order to assess food security, the paper examines the self-sufficiency coefficients of basic agro-food products in Georgia under the conditions of the World Pandemic, and evaluates its components: local production, import, export. In addition, local production trends have been analyzed, Results. Thus a study of the current state of the agro-food sector shows that the problem of providing the population with food is becoming more acute. The pace of development of the agro-food sector lags significantly behind the growth rates of other sectors of the economy. The current economic growth has not yet created the conditions for sustainable economic development: The level of supply of essential agro-food products is quite low, the number of jobs has not increased substantially, the level of income is low, poverty rates are still high and the food deficit is filled mainly with imported products.Conclusions. This study showed that the issue of the food security is still unresolved for Georgia. Despite the state support activities, the agro-food sector still needs assistance. We have developed recommendations, the consideration of which will significantly contribute to food supply of the markets and food supply to the population. Keywords: agro-food products, local production, food independence, self-sufficiency coefficients.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87509192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact assessment of competitiveness on export growth in Georgian mineral water sector (based on econometric model)","authors":"N. Lobzhanidze","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2021.5.1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2021.5.1-1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The paper analyzes the dynamics of exports of the Georgian mineral water product and identifies the reasons for the upward or downward trends. The paper assesses the methodological issues of measuring the level of competition in agri-food markets in general. The paper uses a theoretical-methodological study of the issue. Comparative statistical analysis is performed according to the foreign trade statistics. The Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA) and the Relative Export Advantage Index (RXA) are calculated to assess the competitiveness of the Georgian mineral water sector using the “ex-post” method. In addition, an econometric model is constructed to substantiate the relationship between cause-effect variables. The model substantiates the impact of competitiveness weighed and estimated by “Doing Business”, „Index of Economic Freedom” rankings and the potential demand of partner countries weighted by trade shares, on the growth of Georgia's mineral water exports. \u0000Aim and tasks. The main purpose of the article is to highlight the role of product competitiveness among the factors affecting export growth, to identify the main obstacles and suggest ways to overcome them. The article also analyzes the most acute problems caused by Covid 19 in the field. There are analyzed policy and forecasts in response to the complicated economic situation created by the pandemic of the main companies of the Georgian mineral water market. \u0000Results. Based on the statistical trends, mathematical calculations and econometric model evaluations, a positive correlation between competitiveness and exports is substantiated. Also, the main points of the mineral water companies performance and state support economic policy are presented due to the pandemic situation. Taking into account the general and current problems in the sector the ways to maintain and increase the level of competitiveness of the product are identified. \u0000Conclusions. The conducted research presents the importance of the competitiveness on the export growth. Accordingly, the article proposes ways to increase the level of competition and competitiveness. Conclusions have been made on the underlying problems in the field, including those caused by Covid 19 and beyond, and recommendations for addressing these problems have been proposed. \u0000Keywords: competition, mineral water sector, export diversification, competitiveness indexes.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"199 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72779272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of high fee-low-subsidy and low fee-high-subsidy higher education funding models on higher education access in European Union countries","authors":"Nadežda Kučaidze, Artūras Jurgelevičius","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2020.4.4-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2020.4.4-5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Higher education funding is relevant topic and widely analysed by scientist all other the world. Nowadays there is very big difference between higher education funding models across European Union countries – students have to pay very high fees for their studies in one countries, while in other countries – students have no obligations to pay for their studies at all, or have to pay very low tuition fees. All EU member states declare importance of HE for the future of economic, individual and society wellbeing. With respect to cost-sharing principle in higher education funding, higher education funding models can be divided into four models: Low-fee-High-subsidy; Low-fees-Low-subsidy; High-fees-High-subsidy and High-fee-Low subsidy. \u0000Aim and tasks. The aim of this article is to perform comparative analysis of two extremely different higher education funding models, which are applied in European Union states – Low-fee-High-subsidy higher education funding model (LFHS model) and High-fee-Low-subsidy higher education funding model (HFLS model). \u0000Results. The results of scientific research shows, that LFHS and HFLS models, which were analysed, have a different impact on access to higher education (i.e. gross enrolment rate (GER), GER male, GER female and HE graduation rate (HEGR) in EU countries. \u0000Conclusions. Tuition fees (max., min., net, normative) have a statistically significant, but not only positive or negative impact on enrolment to HE and graduation of HE, as well as for women and men enrolment to HE (GER male, GER female) – it depends on funding model EU state applies. Max. need-based grants have positive impact only in LFHS model case as well as min. need-based grants. In addition, the results of research show, that there is gender inequality – women enrolment to HE exceed men enrolment at most in HFLS model. Men are more likely to study in countries with higher need-based grants (for instance, in LFHS model countries). Counties with higher GDP per capita are more likely to apply LFHS model, than countries with lower GDP  per capita.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"164 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77298452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}