Research Journal of Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of, disposition towards and factors associated with cohabitation among undergraduates in Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria","authors":"O. Adeyera, A. Omisore, O. D. Balogun, M.D. Akinwusi, O. D. Oyekanmi, O. Abiodun, K. Adesina","doi":"10.4314/rejhs.v11i4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rejhs.v11i4.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cohabitation is increasingly common in tertiary institutions and is associated with reproductive health and other related  challenges. This study is designed to determine the prevalence, pattern, disposition and reasons for premarital cohabitation among  students of a tertiary institution in South West Nigeria \u0000Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 350 undergraduates selected from a university in Oyo State using a multistage sampling  technique. Data was collected via a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 \u0000Results:  Majority (90.0%) of the respondents were below 25 years and 70.0% were females. Twenty seven (7.7%) were currently cohabiting while  70 (20.0%) had ever cohabitated. A third (32.0%) were favorably disposed towards cohabitation. More males, older respondents and those  whose parents were not their source of income reported ever having cohabited. \u0000Conclusion: Cohabiting is practiced among  university students and is socially acceptable to many. Concerted efforts geared towards sensitization and awareness programs to  educate students on the adverse consequences of cohabitation should be embarked upon by concerned stakeholders.  ","PeriodicalId":29646,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41516924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biologic quality of households' drinking-water in an urban local government area of Oyo State, Southwest, Nigeria","authors":"O. K. Israel, A. Olotu, A. Idowu, A. Ojewuyi, M.O. Odusan, O. Adeniji","doi":"10.4314/rejhs.v11i4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rejhs.v11i4.8","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Inadequate access to Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) facilities is a global public health issue with several associated  illnesses, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. It is imperative to understand the availabilities of these facilities, to provide  baseline data for policy design and implementation. This study assessed access to WASH facilities. It also examined the factors associated with drinking-water contamination by coliform organisms in households within Ogbomoso North Local Government Area, Oyo-State, Nigeria. \u0000Methods: Cross-sectional design was employed and a two-stage cluster-sampling method was used to recruit eligible respondents from  100 households. Interviewer-administer, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Chi-square test and binary logistic  regression were used for inferential statistics. \u0000Results: Mean age of respondents was 40.5±16.7years, 81.0% of the households practiced  open defecation, and 78.9% of those with toilet facilities used pit latrines. The most common water source was borehole (71.6%); available  within 5 minutes walking distance to residence of 68.0% of study participants. Sixty-three percent of the households had high  drinking water coliform counts. High drinking-water coliform counts were influenced by the presence or absence of toilets facilities  (OR=4.61, CI=1.22-1.68), types of toilets (OR=2.63, CI=3.22-5.34), and water sources (OR=0.12, CI=0.47-0.68). \u0000Conclusion: Access to good  quality water and basic sanitation facilities is sub-optimal in the study setting despite being an urban community. Authors advocate for  more vibrant and intentional government efforts at ensuring equitable access to WASH facilities in the Nigerian communities. This is to  fast-track the nation's journey towards the actualization of the sustainable development goal (SDG)-6. ","PeriodicalId":29646,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47788902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common facts and fictions about HIV transmission, prevention and treatment among PLWHA attending a tertiary healthcare centre in North-Western Nigeria","authors":"A. Amoko, E. MacLeod, A.Y. Koforade","doi":"10.4314/rejhs.v11i4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rejhs.v11i4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives:The transmission, prevention, and treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are greatly influenced by human  behavioral practices. This makes knowledge of some truths (facts) and lies (fictions) about the disease extremely important in its  prevention and control. Several studies on the assessment of knowledge about HIV infection have been undertaken among the general  population, but only a few have involved people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). This study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge  and understanding on transmission, prevention, and treatment of HIV infection among PLWHA attending an adult anti- retroviral therapy (ART) clinic at Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, North-western Nigeria. \u0000Method: The study was conducted as a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study using interviewer-administered questionnaires  among 62 patients, selected by convenience sampling technique, attending adult ART-clinic over a period of 8 weeks. The data was  analyzed using SPSS-16. \u0000Result: More than 70% of the respondents scored above 75% in the questions on modes of transmission of HIV infection. However, 73.4%  of the respondents believed HIV infection was curable, and 40.6% believed there is commercially available vaccination against HIV  infection. There were statistically significant associations between high mean scores (75% and above) in questions on modes of transmission and prevention of HIV, and being of Hausa ethnicity (p-value=0.013), having a senior secondary or higher level of education  (p-value=0.014) and being a resident in an urban setting (pvalue=0.003) \u0000Conclusion: There is a fairly good basic knowledge about HIV transmission, prevention and treatment among the respondents; however,  there is need for improvement in knowledge on certain lies/fictions regarding the disease. ","PeriodicalId":29646,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47991701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kidney dysfunction and mortality risk in hospitalized Covid-19 patients: A large Covid-19 centre experience","authors":"H. Mamven, G. V. Kwaghe, G. Habib, S. Galadima","doi":"10.4314/rejhs.v11i4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rejhs.v11i4.2","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Kidney dysfunction is common in patients infected with the coronavirus (COVID-19). The study's objective was to determine  the relationship between glomerular filtration rate and mortality in COVID-19 patients. \u0000Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted into the COVID-19 isolation center from March 2020 through  December 2021. The serum creatinine at admission was used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the CKD equation  method. The patients were categorized into 2 groups based on the eGFR (≥ or < 60ml/minute). The outcome was in-hospital mortality.  Kaplan Meier survival plots and cox proportional modelling were employed in the data analysis. \u0000Results: Atotal of 623 patients were analysed. The mean age was 53.4±15.3 years, and 58.6% were male. An eGFR of < 60 ml/min was  observed in 196 (31%) patients. A significantly higher number of deaths occurred among patients with eGFR <60ml/min (32% vs 10.5%  (P<0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, disease severity, haemoglobin, ICU admission, and dialysis, the patients with reduced eGFR of (<60ml/min) were twice more likely to die than patients with eGFR ≥60mls/min(AHR 1.95, 95% CI 1.26- 3.04, P= 0.003). \u0000Conclusion: eGFR of < 60mls/min is associated with an increased risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients. This stresses the need for better  recognition of renal dysfunction as a high-risk for mortality in COVID-19 infections. ","PeriodicalId":29646,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46698658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 vaccination acceptability among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a tertiary hospital in Southwest Nigeria: a cross-sectional study","authors":"A. Enikuomehin, O. Junaid, O. Adejumo, O. Ogundele, O. Lawal, A. Akinbodewa, Y. Fakhraddeen","doi":"10.4314/rejhs.v11i4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rejhs.v11i4.7","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The mortality from COVID-19 is higher in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients compared to the general population, hence it is  highly desirable that DM patients are vaccinated against COVID-19 infection. The aim was to determine the willingness of type 2 DM  patients to accept COVID-19 vaccine and associated factors. \u0000Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that involved DM patients. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess  factors ssociated with willingness to be vaccinated. \u0000Results: A total of 302 DM patients participated in the study. About 90% of the respondents perceived COVID-19 to be a serious disease;  however, 33.5% of the patients considered themselves to be at risk of contracting COVID-19 despite having DM. About 70.0% of the DM  patients were willing to receive the vaccine. Factors associated with willingness to be vaccinated were perception of COVID-19 as a severe disease (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 6.09; 95% CI, 4.96- 12.27), previous vaccination (AOR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.04- 2.98), and higher education  (AOR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.04- 6.86). \u0000Conclusion: About a third of the study participants were not willing to receive COVID-19 vaccination. There  is need to educate the at-risk population about the importance of COVID-19 vaccination. ","PeriodicalId":29646,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46839115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postnatal home visit: An effective strategy to a successful postnatal care","authors":"B.T. Akinbowale, O. Ademuyiwa, A. Akinyele, O.D. Akinwale","doi":"10.4314/rejhs.v11i4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rejhs.v11i4.11","url":null,"abstract":"Home visiting is a crucial aspect of postnatal care services as recommended by the WHO, but it appears to be the most neglected service.  This is due to various challenges like a shortage of manpower, inadequately skilled or trained health care workers, the non-availability of  assessment tools and resources, and a lack of community awareness of the importance of postnatal care. However, it's the responsibility  of health care workers, especially the midwives, to carry out postnatal home care visits to ensure the well-being of both the mother and  the neonates, as well as the assessment of the environment where the newborn will be nurtured. Therefore, to ensure effective postnatal  home care visits, there should be availability of adequate tools and resources for the services, training of health care personnel, allocation  of experienced health care workers, and community awareness of the importance of postnatal home care visits. This review  thus explained the concept of postnatal home care visits, the timing of visits, who should conduct postnatal home visits, what to look out  for in mothers, babies, and environments. ","PeriodicalId":29646,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47471841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnitude of limb loss attributable to diabetes mellitus in a tertiary institution in Nigeria","authors":"A. Yusuf, A. Adedire, A. Ala, S. Olanrewaju","doi":"10.4314/rejhs.v11i4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rejhs.v11i4.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications, continues to pose enormous challenge to health and financial stability.  Diabetes has remained a source of national and global economic burden. It has been observed lately that incidence of diabetic foot ulcer  (DFU); one of the complications of DM, is on the increase and it is contributing hugely to financial loss, morbidity and mortality among  diabetic patients. This is taking a great toll on affected individuals in terms of cost of treatment, deformities sustained, number of  working/productive days lost while on admission and its attendant economic implications, and ultimately mortalities recorded. The aim  was to determine the magnitude of limb loss or lower extremity amputation attributable to DM over a period of 12 months in tertiary  institution and to assess the clinical profile of the patients. \u0000Method: This is a retrospective study of the records of all patients that were  consecutively booked for lower limb amputation and operated upon in the last 12 months at UNIOSUN Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, South-Western Nigeria. Out of these total, cases of DFU were extracted to form another study group and then studied in detail. \u0000Results:  Atotal of 38 patients had lower limb amputation from July 2021 to May 2022. Twenty three of the total number of amputations had DFU  with a huge proportion of 60.5%, followed by road traffic accident with 28.9% (n=11) Of the 23 diabetic cases , females were 15 with M:F  ratio of 1:1.9. Mean age was 63±11.18 years. Mean duration of DM was 8.06±5.64 years. 78.3% had no foot care education and Doppler  USS confirmed atherosclerosis in 100% of the patients. The commonest bacteria isolated was Proteus 34.8%. Length of hospital stay  ranged between 6 weeks to 16 weeks. Outcome of admission was largely successful with 95.7% discharged and 4.3% mortality.   \u0000Conclusion: DFU contributes markedly to morbidity and mortality. Long duration of DM, presence of PAD and DPN as well as  advancement in age and wound infection with proteus bacterial are observed to be risk factors associated with gangrenous DFU.  However, larger studies are needed to establish these factors as predictors of amputation in patient with DFU. Outcome was majorly  good as majority of the patients were discharged. ","PeriodicalId":29646,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48527043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First laparoscopically-assisted vaginal hysterectomy in a tertiary health facility in Abeokuta, Nigeria: A case report","authors":"O. Jimoh, T. Ogunfunmilayo, S. Waheed, R. Lemboye-Bello, N. Taiwo, A.O. Oladosu-Aderolu, A.M. Igbo, A.A. Odunola","doi":"10.4314/rejhs.v11i4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rejhs.v11i4.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Laparoscopic surgery as a form of minimal access operation has been performed for decades in the developed world, but is  now gaining popularity in the developing countries including Nigeria. The recent rise in minimal access surgery in low-resource  settings may be attributed to increasing expertise, growing awareness among patients and relatively reducing cost. \u0000Case report: Although laparoscopically-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) has been documented from some centres in Nigeria, we  are reporting the first case of this highly-technical surgery in our centre. Mrs. GJ was admitted with second degree uterine prolapse and  had LAVH with a smooth post-operative recovery. She had reduced hospital stay as she was discharged on the first post-operative day  and was satisfied with her choice of surgery as well as the outcome. There were no immediate or late post-operative complications.   \u0000Conclusion: The success of this procedure further emphasize the feasibility of minimal access surgery in resource-poor settings.","PeriodicalId":29646,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47104566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of CKD-EPI, C-G and MDRD equations for estimating glomerular filtration rate in chronic kidney disease population in South-Western Nigeria","authors":"R. Braimoh, T. I. Ediale, M. Mabayoje, O. Ale, B. Bello, C. Amira","doi":"10.4314/rejhs.v11i4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rejhs.v11i4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ethnic variabilities make reliability of formula equations for assessing glomerular filtration rate (GFR) doubtful in many  populations. We compared Cockroft-Gault (CG), modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD), and chronic kidney diseases epidemiology  collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations in adult Nigerian CKD subjects. \u0000Methodology: We measured 24-hour-urinary creatinine clearance of 311 adult CKD patients and compared with the three estimated  equations. Bland-Altman plots were used to assess agreement between estimated equations and measured creatinine clearance (mGFR).  Receiver-operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to assess the diagnostic power of the equations. Equation with accuracy within 30% of mGFR of ≥90% was considered acceptable for use. \u0000Results: Mean age was 41.9±12.7 years with 182(58.5%) females. The mean GFR using  CKD-EPI, 2 MDRD and CG equations were 69.5±33.9, 65.9±33.0 and 66.2±30.9 mls/min/1.73m respectively 2 (mGFR 68.3±31.1mls/min /1.73m ). The 3 equations showed positive correlation to mGFR (r=0.95) but CKD-EPI had the least bias. \u0000Conclusion: All three equations  can be used but CKD-EPI equation is preferable in Nigerian CKD patients, especially with GFR> 60mls/min.  ","PeriodicalId":29646,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44540698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital heart diseases: Pattern of clinical presentations in children less than 2-years of age in a pediatric practice in southsouth Nigeria","authors":"O.J. Osarenkhoe, O.H. Aiwuyo, D. Osaghae","doi":"10.4314/rejhs.v11i4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rejhs.v11i4.5","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in the prevalence of congenital heart disease remains a major contributing factor tochildhood morbidity and mortality in Africa. The study describes the clinical features of children withCHD that presented to a general pediatric hospital, to improve on early recognition and management ofthe diseases. The prevalence of CHD from the study was 2 per 100 (30 per 1577 or 1 in 52) i.e. (2/100 or20/1000). A higher incidence in females (53.3%) with M: F = 1:1.14, the majority presented withdifficulty / fast breathing (70%), cough(40%), other presenting symptoms are poor weight gain (26.7%),delayed milestones(13.3%). On examination, 60% had dyspnea, 56.7% had murmur. Packed cell volumefor acyanotic heart disease ranged 28-30%, and 50-61% for cyanotic heart disease. The majority hadcomorbid bronchopneumonia (46.6%), and heart failure (23.3%). Echocardiographic findings revealedVSD in 26.7%, 20.0% had PDA and tetralogy of Fallot in 6.7%, Transposition of Great Arteries in 3.3%,and Dextrocardia in 3.3%. The outcome showed that 30% had no symptoms on follow-up, 23.3% werereferred for surgery, 10% dropped from follow-up and 3.3% died. These findings which are comparable tothe findings of other researchers showed that congenital heart disease has a place in childhood morbidityand mortality, therefore appropriate attention should be directed to improve on early recognition andmanagement of the diseases.","PeriodicalId":29646,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136381815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}