Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration最新文献_第2页

Elítur á Íslandi – einsleitni og innbyrðis tengsl

Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration Pub Date : 2017-06-16 DOI: 10.13177/irpa.a.2017.13.1.1

Magnús Þór Torfason, Þorgerður Einarsdóttir, Guðbjörg Linda Rafnsdóttir, M. Sigurðardóttir

{"title":"Elítur á Íslandi – einsleitni og innbyrðis tengsl","authors":"Magnús Þór Torfason, Þorgerður Einarsdóttir, Guðbjörg Linda Rafnsdóttir, M. Sigurðardóttir","doi":"10.13177/irpa.a.2017.13.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13177/irpa.a.2017.13.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Iceland has generally been characterized as a nation where social and economic equality are prominent, and where elite structures are relatively unimportant. There are, however, indications that elites exist, and futhermore, that they are becoming more pronounced and that inequality is on the rise. The goal of this paper is to analyze the business and commerce elite in Iceland the years 2014 and 2015, based on its relations with other elite groups and relations within the group. This allows conclusions to be drawn about the openness of the elite, its relations with the populace, and the democratic structures of the group. The analysis utilizes two data sets: Power and Democracy – A Study of Elites, and Gender Equality in Business: Evolution and Influence. Graphical analysis of elite structures was performed using R and igraph. The results indicate various internal relationship structures within the business and commerce elite. Residential homogeneity is prevalent, especially among male and older elites. A top management team member’s participation in politics or organized sports is predictive of greatly increased residential homogeneity in his or her team. The results suggest a layered elite structure and gaps in elite-populace relations. This indicates that it is important to consider the democratic structures of the Icelandic business elite and whether its homogeneity affects decision making within the elite.","PeriodicalId":294103,"journal":{"name":"Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129072658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Althingi and the executive power 一切和行政权力

Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration Pub Date : 2017-06-16 DOI: 10.13177/IRPA.A.2017.13.1.3

Haukur Arnþórsson

{"title":"Althingi and the executive power","authors":"Haukur Arnþórsson","doi":"10.13177/IRPA.A.2017.13.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13177/IRPA.A.2017.13.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The interrelations and jurisdiction of the Althingi, the Icelandic Parliament, vis-a-vis the executive branch are often a matter of discussion. This paper reports on qualitative research on how Parliament Members and Ministers deal with the factors involved in the state’s authority to enact laws. The main conclusion is that Parliament can and do effectively exercise the right of rejection, at three levels; within the Prime Minister’s party, within the party/-ies that make up the coalition government, and with the opposition parties both before and in the parliamentary handling of any issue involved.\u0000Most of those interviewed considered themselves aware of the overwhelming authority invested in the Parliament as regards enactment of laws, and the research confirms this. Althingi could increase this with the full adoption of the Nordic model of negotiation democracy; this would also increase social quality in society. It could increase the performance of the system of governance as a whole in enactment of laws with changes in the allocation of projects (moved earlier in the process of handling an issue), which should not affect its authority in the matter. It can also strengthen its position as regards its agenda.","PeriodicalId":294103,"journal":{"name":"Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124178087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does research activity decline with age 研究活动会随着年龄的增长而减少吗

Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration Pub Date : 2017-06-16 DOI: 10.13177/IRPA.A.2017.13.1.5

G. Zoega

引用次数: 2

Athafnafólk í opinberri stefnumótun á óvissutímum: Hvernig hugmyndin um notendastýrða persónulega aðstoð varð að veruleika á Íslandi

Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration Pub Date : 2016-12-19 DOI: 10.13177/irpa.a.2016.12.2.5

S. Sigurgeirsdóttir

{"title":"Athafnafólk í opinberri stefnumótun á óvissutímum: Hvernig hugmyndin um notendastýrða persónulega aðstoð varð að veruleika á Íslandi","authors":"S. Sigurgeirsdóttir","doi":"10.13177/irpa.a.2016.12.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13177/irpa.a.2016.12.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"This research seeks to explain a landmark change in the provision of public services for people with disabilities in Iceland. Public policy has for long been characterized by incremental changes. Every now and then, major policy changes take place and longstanding policy objectives pushed by interest groups come through. Agenda-setting theories seek to explain major policy changes by focusing on how and why a policy issue gets on governments agenda at a given point in time. The American political scientist, John W. Kingdon, presented his theory of three streams and the window of opportunity some 30 years ago. European scientists maintain in their recent research that Kingdon s approach is helpful in shedding light on how the political system in which public policy-making takes place operates and how behaviour and strategies of those participating in the process influence the outcome. This qualitative research examines how the idea about user-driven personal assistance came to fruition in Iceland. The study is based on existing data and interviews with key people involved in the policy development leading to the decision to implement the programme of user-driven personal assistance. The research describes how and why this idea reached the government agenda and came to be implemented by Icelandic authorities. The conclusions show how the process of decentralisation opened opportunities for a new ideology which benefitted service users, and business as well as political interests. The conclusions indicate that not only was there a right man at the right place at the right time, but it provides theoretical explanations about what characterises policy entrepreneurs and how and why their activities matter in times of uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":294103,"journal":{"name":"Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114464674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tengsl streituvaldandi þátta í starfsumhverfi, svefns og stoðkerfisverkja hjá millistjórnendum í opinberri þjónustu

Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration Pub Date : 2016-12-19 DOI: 10.13177/IRPA.A.2016.12.2.13

S. Halldórsdóttir, Hafdís Skúladóttir, Hjördís Sigursteinsdóttir, Þórey Agnarsdóttir

{"title":"Tengsl streituvaldandi þátta í starfsumhverfi, svefns og stoðkerfisverkja hjá millistjórnendum í opinberri þjónustu","authors":"S. Halldórsdóttir, Hafdís Skúladóttir, Hjördís Sigursteinsdóttir, Þórey Agnarsdóttir","doi":"10.13177/IRPA.A.2016.12.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13177/IRPA.A.2016.12.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"Middle managers have demanding roles and often experience themselves between a rock and a hard place, and their jobs are characterized by heavy workload and stress. They have not received adequate attention in management science, in particular within healthcare. We know, for example, little about how stressful factors in the work environment are related to musculoskeletal pain and sleep. The purpose of this study was to examine this relationship. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study in which data was collected by a questionnaire which was sent electronically to 137 nursing managers through the Outcome-survey system. The response rate was 80.9%. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for statistical analysis. The results showed a clear link between stressful factors in the work environment and insufficient sleep, after controlling for the effects of age, marital status and the number of staff in the nursing unit. Stressful factors in the work environment and sleep affected the intensity of pain in the neck and shoulder area, and sleep correlated with the intensity of pain in the lower back. Taking sleep into account, more stress meant more pain in the neck and shoulder area. Taking into account stressful factors, insufficient sleep meant more pain in all three body regions. Together, stressful factors in the work environment and insufficient sleep explained 17% of the total variation in the intensity of pain in the neck area, 21% in the shoulder area, and 14% in the lower back, taking into account age, marital status and the number of staff in the nursing unit. There was a statistically significant interaction between stressful factors in the work environment and sleep regarding the intensity of musculoskeletal pain in the neck area. The results of this study will hopefully lead to better consideration of stressful factors in the work environment, sleep and musculoskeletal pain of middle managers.","PeriodicalId":294103,"journal":{"name":"Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129239124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Stjórnun og fagleg forysta í grunnskólum

Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration Pub Date : 2016-12-19 DOI: 10.13177/IRPA.A.2016.12.2.14

Trausti Þorsteinsson, Amalía Björnsdóttir

{"title":"Stjórnun og fagleg forysta í grunnskólum","authors":"Trausti Þorsteinsson, Amalía Björnsdóttir","doi":"10.13177/IRPA.A.2016.12.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13177/IRPA.A.2016.12.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decades the Icelandic compulsory school system has become increasingly decentralized and the scope of the school principals‘ responsibilities has widened. Principals have the responsibility of organizing their schools‘ managerial structure and divide the workload between teachers and administrators. Their responsibilities include both management and professional leadership. Research points to a clear correlation between the professional leadership of principals and academic achievement. \u0000The collective agreement from 2001 between the teachers union and local authorities contained clauses on the posts of vice principals and heads of departments and the number of people hired into those positions grew rapidly until 2008. The purpose of this study was to examine background and working conditions of principals and which tasks within management and professional leadership they choose to take on. Data was collected by questionnaire which was sent to principals of schools with more than 100 students. Compulsory school principals have considerable work experience and the vast majority of them have completed post-graduate education in management. The managerial structure of the schools seems quite vague and this has led to certain symptoms of chaos rather than professional bureaucracy. The role of assistant principals and head of departments are vaguely defined but the principals shoulder most of the management roles. The important professional leadership roles are often said to be the common responsibility of the administrative team. The results indicate that the intention of the collective agreement in 2001 to promote aca - demic leadership in schools has not been realized.","PeriodicalId":294103,"journal":{"name":"Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration","volume":"259 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124248106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The City of Reykjavík’s Human Rights Policy: Challenges, Dilemmas and Opportunities 城市Reykjavík的人权政策:挑战、困境和机遇

Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration Pub Date : 2016-12-19 DOI: 10.13177/irpa.a.2016.12.2.9

Þorgerður H. Þorvaldsdóttir, Guðbjörg Lilja Hjartardóttir

{"title":"The City of Reykjavík’s Human Rights Policy: Challenges, Dilemmas and Opportunities","authors":"Þorgerður H. Þorvaldsdóttir, Guðbjörg Lilja Hjartardóttir","doi":"10.13177/irpa.a.2016.12.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13177/irpa.a.2016.12.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"The City of Reykjavik took the lead in promoting equality and human rights in Iceland when the City Council adopted the first human rights policy in 2006. The policy is based on international human rights law and principles of equality and non-discrimination. A questionnaire for the city’s managers and administrators, enquiring about their experience of the human rights policy, prejudice and the status of marginalized groups, demonstrated various challenges in implementing and promoting the policy. This is due, not the least, to the fact that the national legislation on ban on discrimination is limited to gender equality, thus halting further development in the field of human rights. The human rights policy is fairly well known by the city s managers and administrators. They apply the policy in their different and demanding jobs especially in human resource management but to a limited extent in finance management. The policy has thus proven to be a valuable instrument to bring about changes. The City of Reykjavik aims to achieve equality for all and to work against multiple discrimination. However, some of the marginalized groups seem more vulnerable to discrimination and marginalization than other groups, notably immigrants, people with disabilities and people with long-term health issues.","PeriodicalId":294103,"journal":{"name":"Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132428734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

Administrative capacity and long-term policy making at the Icelandic local level 冰岛地方一级的行政能力和长期决策

Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration Pub Date : 2016-12-19 DOI: 10.13177/IRPA.A.2016.12.2.3

E. Hlynsdóttir

引用次数: 6

"Hún gæti alveg verið múslimi og allt það": Ráðning fólks af erlendum uppruna til íslenskra fyrirtækja

Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration Pub Date : 2016-12-19 DOI: 10.13177/IRPA.A.2016.12.2.10

Kristín Loftsdóttir, M. Sigurðardóttir, Kári Kristinsson

{"title":"\"Hún gæti alveg verið múslimi og allt það\": Ráðning fólks af erlendum uppruna til íslenskra fyrirtækja","authors":"Kristín Loftsdóttir, M. Sigurðardóttir, Kári Kristinsson","doi":"10.13177/IRPA.A.2016.12.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13177/IRPA.A.2016.12.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"International research has shown that immigrants are often at a disadvantage in the labor market and their expertise often underappreciated. The objective of this article is to review the recruitment process of companies in services, in regard to attitudes to foreign applicants by human resource managers. The research is based on the “thinking aloud” method, where interviewees in qualitative interviews were asked to think aloud while reviewing applicant information. The researchers fabricated six CVs for female applicants from six countries. After examination and discussion of the CVs, the human resource managers were asked further questions on the recruitment of immigrants in their company. The main findings are that human resource managers seem aware of prejudice against people from Eastern Europe, and were willing to hire a woman from Lithuania or Poland for the job. The findings further indicate that in the Icelandic labor market, prejudice centers strongly around religion, then Islam. The participants did, however, attempt to separate themselves from prejudice against Islam by referring to gender equality. The research further suggests that it might not be relevant to make a sharp distinction between skilled and unskilled workers. The findings suggest that the applicant s experience makes a difference when the experience has been gained in Iceland, while being much less important if gained somewhere else.","PeriodicalId":294103,"journal":{"name":"Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration","volume":"211 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123264888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Parliamentary work in Althingi 1991-2015. Stagnation in changed society 1991-2015年在阿尔廷奇的议会工作。变革社会中的停滞

Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration Pub Date : 2016-12-19 DOI: 10.13177/IRPA.A.2016.12.2.16

Haukur Arnþórsson

引用次数: 0