Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture Research最新文献

{"title":"Impact of pre-enrichment broth on recovery of S. typhimurium and reformed water activity on dominance and endurance of Salmonella in Indian sweetmeat milk (doodh) peda","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jahr.06.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jahr.06.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"Food-borne outbreaks associated with low water activity (aw) foods involve Salmonella contamination, and its control is a significant challenge. In India, milk (doodh) peda is a low aw traditional and popular food. Accordingly, it is essential to determine the prevalence and survival of Salmonella spp. in artificially spiked milk peda stored for an extended period at different aw. Salmonella spp. was not detected in any of the 25 indigenous peda samples. Salmonella did not grow in low aw. However, S. typhimurium ATCC 25241, which was inoculated artificially at a level of 1.5x104 CFU/g, survived in the spiked peda sample at 0.75, 0.56, and 0.32 aw. Survival of S. typhimurium ATCC 25241 was observed for a more extended period (19 days) at lower aw than higher aw. These results confirmed that even though Salmonella spp. was not detected in milk peda samples, but can survive for a long time in contaminated samples. Salmonella survived for a long time by the osmoadaptation mechanism. These results revealed that the survival of S. typhimurium is influenced by aw, and the prevalence of Salmonella in the peda sample was inversely proportional to aw.","PeriodicalId":290736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture Research","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135202314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of pre-enrichment broth on recovery of S. typhimurium and reformed water activity on dominance and endurance of Salmonella in Indian sweetmeat milk (doodh) peda","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jahr.06.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jahr.06.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Food-borne outbreaks associated with low water activity (aw) foods involve Salmonella contamination, and its control is a significant challenge. In India, milk (doodh) peda is a low aw traditional and popular food. Accordingly, it is essential to determine the prevalence and survival of Salmonella spp. in artificially spiked milk peda stored for an extended period at different aw. Salmonella spp. was not detected in any of the 25 indigenous peda samples. Salmonella did not grow in low aw. However, S. typhimurium ATCC 25241, which was inoculated artificially at a level of 1.5x104 CFU/g, survived in the spiked peda sample at 0.75, 0.56, and 0.32 aw. Survival of S. typhimurium ATCC 25241 was observed for a more extended period (19 days) at lower aw than higher aw. These results confirmed that even though Salmonella spp. was not detected in milk peda samples, but can survive for a long time in contaminated samples. Salmonella survived for a long time by the osmoadaptation mechanism. These results revealed that the survival of S. typhimurium is influenced by aw, and the prevalence of Salmonella in the peda sample was inversely proportional to aw.","PeriodicalId":290736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture Research","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132152779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cinnamon as Traditional and Modern Medicine","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jahr.05.02.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jahr.05.02.09","url":null,"abstract":"Cinnamomum is a middle sized evergreen tree, about 10-15 m tall, innate to Southern India and Sri Lanka, but also is found in central to Burma, southern mainland China, Cambodia, Malaysia, Taiwan and Indonesia. In brief, the tree is dispensed in regions between 500 and 1500 m in height. Cinnamon, a plant of the laurel species Lauraceae, as a spice in numerous cultures for centuries, has been consumed in China for thousands of years against many diseases, for instance the “thirsty disease,” which was an old expression for diabetes in China before the expression diabetes mellitus was created in modern medicine. The constituents of procyanidins contain both procyanidin A-type and B-type bonds. These procyanidins are taken out from cinnamon and berries. They also own antioxidant activities. In the same way, the most important ingredients of cinnamon is trans-cinnamaldehyde or cinnamaldehyde which exists in the essential oil, therefore donating to the fragrance and to the diverse biological activities perceived with cinnamon. Essential oil from cinnamon leaves includes a high level of cinnamon. Subsequently, C. osmophloeum is also used as a replacement spice for C. cassia. One of the main constituents of essential oil obtained from C. zeylanicum termed (E)-cinnamaldehyde has an antityrosinase activity, whereas cinnamaldehyde is the main compound accountable for this activity. Utilization of cinnamon (short term) is related with a notable decrease in systolic Blood Pressure (BP) and diastolic BP. Even though cinnamon exhibits hopeful influences on BP-dropping potential, it would be premature to advise cinnamon for BP control owing to the limited number of investigations available. Its bark has been extensively used as a flavoring and spice agent for periods. Cinnamon has been suggested to have many pharmacological attributes, containing antimicrobial effects and antioxidant activity. Cinnamomum zeylanicum (CZ) extracts on diabetes demonstrates numerous beneficial effects. CZ reduced total cholesterol, LDL choles-terol and triglycerides while increasing HDL-cholesterol in diabetics. The essential oils obtained from the bark of CZ and eugenol has shown very powerful activities, decreasing 3-nitrotyrosine formation and inhibiting the peroxynitrite-induced lipid peroxidation in in-vitro assays. The volatile oils of CZ have shown 55.9% and 66.9% antioxidant activity at 100 and 200 ppm concentration, respectively. The dried fruit extracts of CZ with ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and water exhibited antioxidant activity in the order of water > methanol > acetone > ethyl acetate. CZ bark extracts were found to be potent in free rad-ical scavenging activity especially against DPPH radicals and ABTS radical cations, while the hydroxyl and super-oxide radicals were also scavenged by the tested compounds. CZ has 65.3% of anti-oxidant ac-tivity and strong free radical scavenging activity. Treatment of 54 healthy volunteers with CZ 100 mg/30ml of tea daily were s","PeriodicalId":290736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121374857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Land Use and Land Cover Change in Jammu & Kashmir","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jahr.05.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jahr.05.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is the main occupation for the people of Jammu & Kashmir. About 65 per cent of the people are directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture and allied activities for their livelihood. Agriculture and its allied activities are the predominant sectors of the economy of Jammu & Kashmir. The cropping land use in the state also underwent drastic changes which led to a decrease in area under food crops and an increase in area under cash crops/plantation agriculture. The study of this shifting land use was necessary for the sustainable agriculture of the state. Knowledge of cropping land use helps in maximization of productivity and conservation of land. The study tried to assess the cropping pattern of land use and land change dynamics, the land use and land cover change among different land-use classes and to study the extent of productive and unproductive landuse patterns In Jammu & Kashmir. The study has revealed a major shift of land from the desirable to undesirable land-use classes. The area under the three major food crops (Paddy, Maize, and wheat) grown in the state has decreased at the state level though with regional variations, it has increased in some districts as well. But the area under paddy recorded a decline in all the districts and the area under orchards have registered highly positive growth in all the districts of Jammu & Kashmir","PeriodicalId":290736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture Research","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132358034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Labor Saving and Production Enhancement Technologies on Cotton Production in Omiya Anyima Sub County-Kitgum District","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jahr.05.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jahr.05.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"The study made an assessment of the effect of labor saving and production enhancement technologies on cotton production in Omiya Anyima sub County-Kitgum District. The specific objectives were to: identify the types of labour saving and productivity enhancement technologies being employed by farmers in cotton production, compare cotton production by farmers using labour saving and productivity enhancement technologies and those not using the technologies, identify areas of research that could enhance cotton productivity and lessen drudgery and excessive labour use, and the challenges associated with the use of labor saving and productivity enhancement technologies in cotton production and recommend some innovative solutions. The study was cross-sectional in nature employing qualitative and quantitative approaches for data collection and analysis. A questionnaire was used to capture information from 376 respondents. The study identified different labour saving and productivity enhancement technologies used in the area such as; animal draft power, tractors, sprayers, herbicides, fertilizers and pesticides. An average production difference between adopters and non-adopters of labour saving and productivity enhancement technologies were 519.8 kilograms per acre in a season. The identified areas of research to enhance cotton productivity and lessen drudgery included; automated irrigation systems, automated weed control systems, auto-guided agricultural systems, automatic motorized sprayers while and robotic planters. Adoption and use of labour saving and productivity enhancement technologies was influenced by factors like economic status, land tenure system, lack of credit to services, and high costs of procurement and operations. The study concluded that Labor Saving and Production Enhancement Technologies have a positive effect on Cotton Production but the users were still affected by challenges like poverty, low knowledge on use, lack of accessibility, costs of hire, capital and land tenure system. The study therefore recommended more education for farmers on the technologies, revisiting land tenure policies to allow farmers have access to bigger land to apply the technologies, supporting farmers through credit services and more capacity building and external support.","PeriodicalId":290736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126442657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Underwater Sound on Aquatic Animals – And Especially Fishes","authors":"Anthony Donald Hawkins","doi":"10.33140/jahr.05.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jahr.05.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater sounds from human sources can have detrimental effects upon aquatic animals, including fishes, and currently such sounds are very common. It is important to examine such anthropogenic sounds and their effects upon aquatic animals, so that it is possible to introduce protective regulations. Fishes and other aquatic animals can detect underwater sounds and use them to obtain key information about the environment around them. Sounds travel rapidly over great distances in water and can provide detailed information on the presence of prey, predators, and related fishes, while the overall acoustic scene provides the fishes with key information about their environment. Although some of the background noise is generated by natural sources, including the precipitation of rain and snow, and wind and waves, many underwater sounds now come from anthropogenic sources. Some of these human-made sounds can kill or injure fishes and other aquatic animals, also impairing their hearing, and altering their behavior. There is a need for more work on the impact of human- made underwater noise upon the fitness of aquatic animals. This paper considers the gaps in information that must be resolved. The effects that need to be considered include death and injuries, physiological effects, and changes in behavior.","PeriodicalId":290736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115069778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience and Social Change in the Context of a Drinking Water Crisis in Bouake","authors":"Z. Ouattara","doi":"10.33140/jahr.05.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jahr.05.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"The populations of the commune of Bouaké, located in the north-central part of Côte d'Ivoire, experienced in 2018 a drinking water crisis following the drying up of the 'loka' dam operated by the Water Distribution Company of Côte d'Ivoire. This crisis lasted for about 6 months in most of the said locality. To curb it and avoid its corollary of health risks, collective, individual and institutional responses have been made. Using a retrospective and highly ethnographic approach, this research analyzes the resilience and social changes brought about by this crisis in the commune of Bouaké. The data used in this study comes from direct observation, image capture, field diaries and semi-structured interviews with institutional, health and community actors, local authorities and the population.","PeriodicalId":290736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121343737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Assessment of the Contribution of The Pfumvudza Concept Towards Climate Smart Agriculture in Zimbabwe: A Review","authors":"N. Mujere","doi":"10.33140/jahr.05.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jahr.05.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Concerns of food and environmental security have increased enormously in recent years due to the vagaries of climate change and variability. Efforts to promote food security and environmental sustainability often reinforce each other and enable farmers to adapt to and mitigate the impact of climate change and other stresses. Some of these efforts are based on appropriate technologies and practices that restore natural ecosystems and improve the resilience of farming systems, thus enhancing food security. Climate smart agriculture (CSA) principles, for example, translate into a number of locally-devised and applied practices that work simultaneously through contextualised crop-soil-water-nutrient-pest-ecosystem management at a variety of scales. The purpose of this paper is to review concisely the current state-of-the-art literature and ascertain the potential of the Pfumvudza concept to enhance household food security, climate change mitigation and adaptation as it is promoted in Zimbabwe. The study relied heavily on data from print and electronic media. Datasets pertaining to carbon, nitrous oxide and methane storage in soils and crop yield under zero tillage and conventional tillage were compiled. Findings show that, compared to conventional farming, Pfumvudza has great potential to contribute towards household food security and reducing carbon emissions if implemented following the stipulated recommendations. These include among others, adequate land preparation and timely planting and acquiring inputs. However, nitrous oxide emissions tend to increase with reduced tillage and, the use of artificial fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides is environmentally unfriendly.","PeriodicalId":290736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture Research","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117175226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity Analysis of Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Population Structure and Screening and Identification of Dominant Salt-Tolerant Strains of JunCao\"Oasis No. 1\"","authors":"Zhiqing Xiao, ZhanXi Lin","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1240877/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1240877/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Purpose: As a newly cultivated grass species widely used in saline-alkali soil treatment, Juncao\"Oasis No.1\" can effectively enhance the microbial population abundance in saline-alkali soil. It has a good effect on improving saline-alkali soil.Methods: In order to further study the microbial community in the rhizosphere soil of Juncao\"Oasis No.1\" , the dominant strains with important ecological value were screened out. In this paper, soil samples were collected from saline-alkali soil planted with Juncao\"Oasis No. 1\" and unplanted Juncao\"Oasis No. 1\", and the microbial populations were sequenced by 16SrDNA high-throughput sequencing, in order to identify the difference of microbial population, the dominant bacteria in rhizosphere soil of Juncao\"Oasis No. 1\" was selected, and the dominant bacteria with important ecological value were isolated and cultured and identified by Colony PCR.Results: The results showed that Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus thuringiensis. were the dominant strains with important ecological value in rhizosphere soil of Juncao\"Oasis No.1\" . After isolation and culture, Colony PCR identification showed that the dominant strain was successfully isolated and cultured.Conclusions: In this paper, the dominant strains with important ecological value in rhizosphere soil of Juncao\" Oasis No. 1\" were screened and cultured, which provided theoretical basis for the improvement of saline-alkali soil by using Juncao\"Oasis No. 1\", it is of great guiding significance.","PeriodicalId":290736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture Research","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128262557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A catalogue of the higher plants of the Adhwani temperate forest and its fringe areas (western Himalaya, India)","authors":"Ajendra Sing Bagri, Neeraja Singh, G. Dhingra, P. Tiwari","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1283977/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1283977/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present study deals with floristic inventory of higher plants (angiosperms and gymnosperms) at a biodiversity rich temperate forest area (Adhwani forest; 30º06′1″–30º06′7″ N and 78º72′3″ –78º72′6″ E; 1700–2200 m asl) in western Himalaya, India. A total of 477 species of flowering plants belonging to 105 families and 315 genera were recorded from the Adhwani forest and its fringe areas. The information on plant life form, flowering & fruiting, local elevational distribution, indigenous uses and availability status are provided. An account of the invasive and alien species occurring in the area is also provided. Gentiana cephalodes Edgew. (Gentianaceae) and Buddleja crispa Benth. (Buddlejaceae) revealed as new distribution record to the flora of district Garhwal. Asteraceae (47 species and 33 genera) was the dominant family followed by Fabaceae, Poaceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae and Ranunculaceae. Desmodium (9 species) was dominant genus in the study area followed by Crotolaria, Cyperus and Euphorbia (6 species each). The herbs dominate the life forms of the area with 317 species (66.45%) followed by shrubs (14.46%), trees (12.99%) and climbers (6.07%). The flora of the area represents 3 IUCN index species viz. Quercus lamellosa (NT), Quercus oblongata (NT), Ulmus wallichiana (VU) and 90 invasive alien species. The presented catalogue with comprehensive information on of higher plants will be helpful to the plant scientists, planners and forest department for developing strategies and management of this biodiversity rich forest area.","PeriodicalId":290736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126225161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}